refactor: move act under internal

The runner is an application, not a library. `act/model` and
`act/exprparser` were the last packages anything outside this repository
consumed and they now live in actionslib, so nothing needs the rest of
`act` to be importable, and keeping it importable invites the coupling
that was just removed.

Import paths only, the files are unchanged.

Assisted-by: Codet:GPT-5.1-Codex

internal/act/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2022 The Gitea Authors
+Copyright (c) 2019
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

internal/act/artifactcache/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2023 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+// Package artifactcache provides a cache handler for the runner.
+//
+// Inspired by https://github.com/sp-ricard-valverde/github-act-cache-server
+//
+// TODO: Authorization
+// TODO: Restrictions for accessing a cache, see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/caching-dependencies-to-speed-up-workflows#restrictions-for-accessing-a-cache
+// TODO: Force deleting cache entries, see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/caching-dependencies-to-speed-up-workflows#force-deleting-cache-entries
+package artifactcache

internal/act/artifactcache/handler.go

@@ -0,0 +1,962 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2023 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package artifactcache
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/hmac"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/timshannon/bolthold"
+	"go.etcd.io/bbolt"
+)
+
+const (
+	apiPath      = "/_apis/artifactcache"
+	internalPath = "/_internal"
+
+	// artifactURLTTL bounds how long a signed artifactLocation URL stays valid.
+	// Short enough that a leaked URL is near-worthless; long enough to let the
+	// @actions/cache client download a big blob that was returned from /cache.
+	artifactURLTTL = 10 * time.Minute
+)
+
+type credKey struct{}
+
+// JobCredential ties a per-job bearer token (ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN) to the
+// repository that owns it. Every cache entry is stamped with Repo on
+// reserve/commit and checked on read/write so one repo can never observe or
+// poison another repo's cache, even from inside a container that reaches the
+// cache server over the docker bridge network.
+type JobCredential struct {
+	Repo string `json:"repo"`
+
+	// Results is the instance whose artifact service this server forwards for the job, and
+	// InsecureTLS how the runner reaches it; see results.go. The tags are the wire format a
+	// remote runner registers with.
+	Results     string `json:"results"`
+	InsecureTLS bool   `json:"insecure_tls"`
+}
+
+// credEntry holds a registered job's credential along with an active
+// registration count. RegisterJob is reference-counted so that if two tasks
+// briefly share an ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN — e.g. a runner that retries a task
+// after a crash before the old registration is revoked — the first task's
+// revoker does not cut the second task's auth out from under it.
+type credEntry struct {
+	cred JobCredential
+	refs int
+}
+
+type Handler struct {
+	dir      string
+	storage  *Storage
+	router   *httprouter.Router
+	listener net.Listener
+	port     int
+	server   *http.Server
+	logger   logrus.FieldLogger
+
+	gcing atomic.Bool
+	gcAt  time.Time
+
+	outboundIP string
+
+	// internalSecret guards /_internal/{register,revoke}. When set, a remote
+	// runner can use these endpoints to pre-register per-job
+	// ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKENs against this server, enabling the same
+	// per-job auth and repo scoping as the embedded handler over the
+	// network. Empty disables the control-plane entirely.
+	internalSecret string
+
+	// secret signs short-lived artifact download URLs. The @actions/cache
+	// toolkit does not send Authorization on the download request, so blob
+	// GETs authenticate via a per-URL HMAC signature with expiry rather than
+	// via the bearer token used for management endpoints.
+	secret []byte
+
+	credMu sync.RWMutex
+	creds  map[string]*credEntry
+}
+
+// StartHandler opens the on-disk cache store and starts the HTTP server.
+//
+// internalSecret, when non-empty, enables a control-plane API at
+// /_internal/{register,revoke} that lets a remote runner pre-register the
+// per-job ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKENs it expects this server to honor. The
+// embedded in-process handler leaves it empty and registers tokens via the
+// in-process RegisterJob method directly.
+func StartHandler(dir, outboundIP string, port uint16, internalSecret string, logger logrus.FieldLogger) (*Handler, error) {
+	h := &Handler{
+		creds:          make(map[string]*credEntry),
+		internalSecret: internalSecret,
+	}
+
+	if logger == nil {
+		discard := logrus.New()
+		discard.Out = io.Discard
+		logger = discard
+	}
+	logger = logger.WithField("module", "artifactcache")
+	h.logger = logger
+
+	if dir == "" {
+		home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		dir = filepath.Join(home, ".cache", "actcache")
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	h.dir = dir
+
+	storage, err := NewStorage(filepath.Join(dir, "cache"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	h.storage = storage
+
+	if outboundIP != "" {
+		h.outboundIP = outboundIP
+	} else if ip := common.GetOutboundIP(); ip == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("unable to determine outbound IP address")
+	} else {
+		h.outboundIP = ip.String()
+	}
+
+	secret, err := loadOrCreateSecret(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	h.secret = secret
+
+	router := httprouter.New()
+	router.GET(apiPath+"/cache", h.bearerAuth(h.find))
+	router.POST(apiPath+"/caches", h.bearerAuth(h.reserve))
+	router.PATCH(apiPath+"/caches/:id", h.bearerAuth(h.upload))
+	router.POST(apiPath+"/caches/:id", h.bearerAuth(h.commit))
+	router.POST(apiPath+"/clean", h.bearerAuth(h.clean))
+	// Artifact GET is signed via query-string HMAC because @actions/cache
+	// does not attach Authorization when downloading archiveLocation.
+	router.GET(apiPath+"/artifacts/:id", h.signedAuth("", h.get))
+	// Control-plane: a remote runner registers/revokes per-job tokens so the
+	// cache API can authenticate them. Always wired so the routes exist; the
+	// handlers themselves 401 when internalSecret is unset.
+	router.POST(internalPath+"/register", h.internalAuth(h.internalRegister))
+	router.POST(internalPath+"/revoke", h.internalAuth(h.internalRevoke))
+	h.registerV2Routes(router)
+	router.NotFound = http.HandlerFunc(h.forwardOrNotFound)
+
+	h.router = router
+
+	h.gcCache()
+
+	// Listen on all interfaces. Binding to outboundIP only would give no real
+	// security benefit (it is the LAN/internet-facing address either way) and
+	// can break Docker Desktop variants where the host's outbound IP is not
+	// routable from inside the container network. Authentication is enforced
+	// by the bearer middleware and per-repo scoping, not by reachability.
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf(":%d", port))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	addr, ok := listener.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr)
+	if !ok {
+		listener.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cache server listens on %T, want a TCP address", listener.Addr())
+	}
+	h.port = addr.Port
+	server := &http.Server{
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: 2 * time.Second,
+		Handler:           router,
+	}
+	go func() {
+		if err := server.Serve(listener); err != nil && errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) {
+			logger.Errorf("http serve: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+	h.listener = listener
+	h.server = server
+
+	return h, nil
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) ExternalURL() string {
+	// TODO: make the external url configurable if necessary
+	return fmt.Sprintf("http://%s:%d", h.outboundIP, h.port)
+}
+
+// RegisterJob makes token a valid bearer credential for cache requests from
+// the given repository and returns a function that removes it. The runner
+// calls this at job start and defers the returned func so that the credential
+// is only accepted while the job is running.
+//
+// Registrations are reference-counted: if a token is already registered, the
+// credential it was registered with is kept and the refcount is incremented.
+// The entry is removed only when every revoker returned by RegisterJob has
+// been called.
+// This keeps a stray re-registration from silently revoking a live job.
+func (h *Handler) RegisterJob(token string, cred JobCredential) func() {
+	if h == nil || token == "" {
+		return func() {}
+	}
+	h.credMu.Lock()
+	if existing, ok := h.creds[token]; ok {
+		existing.refs++
+	} else {
+		h.creds[token] = &credEntry{
+			cred: cred,
+			refs: 1,
+		}
+	}
+	h.credMu.Unlock()
+	return func() {
+		h.credMu.Lock()
+		if entry, ok := h.creds[token]; ok {
+			entry.refs--
+			if entry.refs <= 0 {
+				delete(h.creds, token)
+			}
+		}
+		h.credMu.Unlock()
+	}
+}
+
+// RevokeJob explicitly revokes one registration of token, mirroring one call
+// of the closure returned by RegisterJob. Used by the control-plane endpoint
+// so a remote runner can revoke without holding the closure.
+func (h *Handler) RevokeJob(token string) {
+	if h == nil || token == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	h.credMu.Lock()
+	if entry, ok := h.creds[token]; ok {
+		entry.refs--
+		if entry.refs <= 0 {
+			delete(h.creds, token)
+		}
+	}
+	h.credMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) lookupCredential(token string) (JobCredential, bool) {
+	h.credMu.RLock()
+	entry, ok := h.creds[token]
+	h.credMu.RUnlock()
+	if !ok {
+		return JobCredential{}, false
+	}
+	return entry.cred, true
+}
+
+// loadOrCreateSecret returns the 32-byte HMAC signing key for artifact URLs,
+// persisted in dir/.secret so signed URLs handed out before a restart stay
+// valid across the restart and so the standalone cache-server can be pointed
+// at by config.Cache.ExternalServer without the URL rotating.
+func loadOrCreateSecret(dir string) ([]byte, error) {
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, ".secret")
+	if data, err := os.ReadFile(path); err == nil {
+		if secret, err := hex.DecodeString(strings.TrimSpace(string(data))); err == nil && len(secret) >= 32 {
+			return secret, nil
+		}
+	} else if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read cache secret: %w", err)
+	}
+	secret := make([]byte, 32)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(secret); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("generate cache secret: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(hex.EncodeToString(secret)), 0o600); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("write cache secret: %w", err)
+	}
+	return secret, nil
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) Close() error {
+	if h == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var retErr error
+	if h.server != nil {
+		err := h.server.Close()
+		if err != nil {
+			retErr = err
+		}
+		h.server = nil
+	}
+	if h.listener != nil {
+		err := h.listener.Close()
+		if errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) {
+			err = nil
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			retErr = err
+		}
+		h.listener = nil
+	}
+	return retErr
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) openDB() (*bolthold.Store, error) {
+	return bolthold.Open(filepath.Join(h.dir, "bolt.db"), 0o644, &bolthold.Options{
+		Encoder: json.Marshal,
+		Decoder: json.Unmarshal,
+		Options: &bbolt.Options{
+			Timeout:      5 * time.Second,
+			NoGrowSync:   bbolt.DefaultOptions.NoGrowSync,
+			FreelistType: bbolt.DefaultOptions.FreelistType,
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+// GET /_apis/artifactcache/cache
+func (h *Handler) find(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
+	keys := strings.Split(r.URL.Query().Get("keys"), ",")
+	version := r.URL.Query().Get("version")
+
+	db, err := h.openDB()
+	if err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 500, err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	cache, err := h.lookupCache(db, cred.Repo, keys, version)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 500, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if cache == nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 204)
+		return
+	}
+	h.responseJSON(w, r, 200, map[string]any{
+		"result":          "hit",
+		"archiveLocation": h.signedArtifactURL(cache.ID, time.Now().Add(artifactURLTTL)),
+		"cacheKey":        cache.Key,
+	})
+}
+
+// lookupCache returns the entry to restore for these keys, or (nil, nil) when there is none:
+// either nothing matched, or the match had lost its blob to a prune, in which case the dangling
+// entry is dropped on the way out.
+func (h *Handler) lookupCache(db *bolthold.Store, repo string, keys []string, version string) (*Cache, error) {
+	cache, err := findCache(db, repo, keys, version)
+	if err != nil || cache == nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	ok, err := h.storage.Exist(cache.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		_ = db.Delete(cache.ID, cache)
+		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // absence is not an error here
+	}
+	return cache, nil
+}
+
+// POST /_apis/artifactcache/caches
+func (h *Handler) reserve(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
+	api := &Request{}
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(api); err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	cache := api.ToCache()
+	cache.Repo = cred.Repo
+	db, err := h.openDB()
+	if err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 500, err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	cache.CreatedAt = now
+	cache.UsedAt = now
+	if err := insertCache(db, cache); err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 500, err)
+		return
+	}
+	h.responseJSON(w, r, 200, map[string]any{
+		"cacheId": cache.ID,
+	})
+}
+
+// PATCH /_apis/artifactcache/caches/:id
+func (h *Handler) upload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
+	id, err := strconv.ParseInt(params.ByName("id"), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	cache := &Cache{}
+	db, err := h.openDB()
+	if err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 500, err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+	if err := db.Get(id, cache); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, bolthold.ErrNotFound) {
+			h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, fmt.Errorf("cache %d: not reserved", id))
+			return
+		}
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 500, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if cache.Repo != cred.Repo {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 403, fmt.Errorf("cache %d: forbidden", id))
+		return
+	}
+
+	if cache.Complete {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, fmt.Errorf("cache %v %q: already complete", cache.ID, cache.Key))
+		return
+	}
+	db.Close()
+	start, _, err := parseContentRange(r.Header.Get("Content-Range"))
+	if err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := h.storage.Write(cache.ID, start, r.Body); err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 500, err)
+		return
+	}
+	_ = h.touchCache(uint64(id), false)
+	h.responseJSON(w, r, 200)
+}
+
+// POST /_apis/artifactcache/caches/:id
+func (h *Handler) commit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
+	id, err := strconv.ParseInt(params.ByName("id"), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	cache := &Cache{}
+	db, err := h.openDB()
+	if err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 500, err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+	if err := db.Get(id, cache); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, bolthold.ErrNotFound) {
+			h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, fmt.Errorf("cache %d: not reserved", id))
+			return
+		}
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 500, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if cache.Repo != cred.Repo {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 403, fmt.Errorf("cache %d: forbidden", id))
+		return
+	}
+
+	if cache.Complete {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, fmt.Errorf("cache %v %q: already complete", cache.ID, cache.Key))
+		return
+	}
+
+	db.Close()
+
+	if err := h.commitCache(cache); err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 500, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.responseJSON(w, r, 200)
+}
+
+// commitCache assembles the uploaded parts and marks the entry complete. The caller must
+// have closed its store first: Commit concatenates the whole archive and would otherwise
+// hold bolt's exclusive file lock for the duration.
+func (h *Handler) commitCache(cache *Cache) error {
+	written, err := h.storage.Commit(cache.ID, cache.Size)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// write real size back to cache, it may be different from the current value when the request doesn't specify it.
+	cache.Size = written
+	cache.Complete = true
+
+	db, err := h.openDB()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+	return db.Update(cache.ID, cache)
+}
+
+// GET /_apis/artifactcache/artifacts/:id
+// Authenticated via signed URL (see signedAuth), not bearer, because the
+// @actions/cache toolkit downloads archiveLocation without Authorization.
+// Repository scoping is already enforced at find() time; the signature binds
+// the URL to the specific cache ID and an expiry.
+func (h *Handler) get(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+	id, err := strconv.ParseInt(params.ByName("id"), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, err)
+		return
+	}
+	_ = h.touchCache(uint64(id), false)
+	h.storage.Serve(w, r, uint64(id))
+}
+
+// POST /_apis/artifactcache/clean
+func (h *Handler) clean(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+	// TODO: don't support force deleting cache entries
+	// see: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/caching-dependencies-to-speed-up-workflows#force-deleting-cache-entries
+
+	h.responseJSON(w, r, 200)
+}
+
+// bearerAuth resolves ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN against the set of currently
+// registered jobs. A match attaches the job's JobCredential to the request
+// context; a miss returns 401 before the handler body runs.
+func (h *Handler) bearerAuth(handler httprouter.Handle) httprouter.Handle {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+		h.logger.Debugf("%s %s", r.Method, r.URL.Path)
+		token := bearerToken(r)
+		if token == "" {
+			h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("missing bearer token"))
+			return
+		}
+		cred, ok := h.lookupCredential(token)
+		if !ok {
+			h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("unknown bearer token"))
+			return
+		}
+		ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), credKey{}, cred)
+		handler(w, r.WithContext(ctx), params)
+		go h.gcCache()
+	}
+}
+
+// signedAuth authenticates a signed URL. purpose separates the flavours of URL the
+// handler hands out, so one cannot be replayed as another; see computeSignature.
+func (h *Handler) signedAuth(purpose string, handler httprouter.Handle) httprouter.Handle {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+		h.logger.Debugf("%s %s", r.Method, r.URL.Path)
+		id, err := strconv.ParseInt(params.ByName("id"), 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, err)
+			return
+		}
+		expStr := r.URL.Query().Get("exp")
+		sig := r.URL.Query().Get("sig")
+		if expStr == "" || sig == "" {
+			h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("missing signature"))
+			return
+		}
+		exp, err := strconv.ParseInt(expStr, 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("invalid expiry"))
+			return
+		}
+		if time.Now().Unix() > exp {
+			h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("signature expired"))
+			return
+		}
+		expected := h.computeSignature(purpose, id, exp)
+		if !hmac.Equal([]byte(sig), []byte(expected)) {
+			h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("bad signature"))
+			return
+		}
+		handler(w, r, params)
+		go h.gcCache()
+	}
+}
+
+// internalAuth gates the control-plane endpoints. The bearer must
+// constant-time-equal the configured internalSecret. If the secret is empty,
+// the control-plane is disabled and every request gets 404 — which matches
+// the upstream nektos/act behavior of "the route does not exist".
+func (h *Handler) internalAuth(handler httprouter.Handle) httprouter.Handle {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+		if h.internalSecret == "" {
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			return
+		}
+		token := bearerToken(r)
+		if token == "" || !hmac.Equal([]byte(token), []byte(h.internalSecret)) {
+			h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("internal: bad secret"))
+			return
+		}
+		handler(w, r, params)
+	}
+}
+
+type internalRegisterBody struct {
+	Token string `json:"token"`
+	JobCredential
+}
+
+type internalRevokeBody struct {
+	Token string `json:"token"`
+}
+
+// POST /_internal/register
+// ResultsURL is what a job registered with cred should be given as ACTIONS_RESULTS_URL, or "" when
+// the credential names no instance to forward the artifact half to.
+func (h *Handler) ResultsURL(cred JobCredential) string {
+	if h == nil || cred.Results == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return h.ExternalURL()
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) internalRegister(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+	var body internalRegisterBody
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&body); err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if body.Token == "" {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest, errors.New("token is required"))
+		return
+	}
+	h.RegisterJob(body.Token, body.JobCredential)
+	// A server too old to forward answers without this, which is how the caller knows.
+	h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"results_url": h.ResultsURL(body.JobCredential)})
+}
+
+// POST /_internal/revoke
+func (h *Handler) internalRevoke(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+	var body internalRevokeBody
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&body); err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if body.Token == "" {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest, errors.New("token is required"))
+		return
+	}
+	h.RevokeJob(body.Token)
+	h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+func bearerToken(r *http.Request) string {
+	auth := r.Header.Get("Authorization")
+	const prefix = "Bearer "
+	if len(auth) > len(prefix) && strings.EqualFold(auth[:len(prefix)], prefix) {
+		return auth[len(prefix):]
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func credFromContext(ctx context.Context) JobCredential {
+	if cred, ok := ctx.Value(credKey{}).(JobCredential); ok {
+		return cred
+	}
+	return JobCredential{}
+}
+
+// computeSignature signs a URL for one cache entry and expiry. purpose is mixed into the
+// message so a URL handed out for writing an entry cannot be replayed to read one, and the
+// other way round. Downloads use the empty purpose, the message v1 has always signed.
+func (h *Handler) computeSignature(purpose string, cacheID, exp int64) string {
+	mac := hmac.New(sha256.New, h.secret)
+	fmt.Fprintf(mac, "%s%d:%d", purpose, cacheID, exp)
+	return hex.EncodeToString(mac.Sum(nil))
+}
+
+// signedURL builds a URL under path that signedAuth accepts for the same purpose.
+func (h *Handler) signedURL(path, purpose string, cacheID uint64, exp time.Time) string {
+	expUnix := exp.Unix()
+	q := url.Values{}
+	q.Set("exp", strconv.FormatInt(expUnix, 10))
+	q.Set("sig", h.computeSignature(purpose, int64(cacheID), expUnix))
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s/%d?%s", h.ExternalURL(), path, cacheID, q.Encode())
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) signedArtifactURL(cacheID uint64, exp time.Time) string {
+	return h.signedURL(apiPath+"/artifacts", "", cacheID, exp)
+}
+
+// if not found, return (nil, nil) instead of an error.
+func findCache(db *bolthold.Store, repo string, keys []string, version string) (*Cache, error) {
+	cache := &Cache{}
+	for _, prefix := range keys {
+		// if a key in the list matches exactly, don't return partial matches
+		exact, err := findExactCache(db, repo, prefix, version, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if exact != nil {
+			return exact, nil
+		}
+		prefixPattern := "^" + regexp.QuoteMeta(prefix)
+		re, err := regexp.Compile(prefixPattern)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := db.FindOne(cache,
+			bolthold.Where("Repo").Eq(repo).
+				And("Key").RegExp(re).
+				And("Version").Eq(version).
+				And("Complete").Eq(true).
+				SortBy("CreatedAt").Reverse()); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, bolthold.ErrNotFound) {
+				continue
+			}
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("find cache: %w", err)
+		}
+		return cache, nil
+	}
+	return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+}
+
+// findExactCache returns the entry for exactly this key and version, or (nil, nil) if there is
+// none. Unlike findCache it never falls back to a prefix (restore-key) match, which is what both
+// its callers need: a new key that is only a prefix of an existing key is not the same entry.
+//
+// A completed entry is the one to restore, sorted by when it was written. An incomplete one is a
+// reservation being uploaded to, sorted by when it was last written to, because the upload route
+// touches UsedAt on every part.
+func findExactCache(db *bolthold.Store, repo, key, version string, complete bool) (*Cache, error) {
+	sortBy := "UsedAt"
+	if complete {
+		sortBy = "CreatedAt"
+	}
+	cache := &Cache{}
+	err := db.FindOne(cache,
+		bolthold.Where("Repo").Eq(repo).
+			And("Key").Eq(key).
+			And("Version").Eq(version).
+			And("Complete").Eq(complete).
+			SortBy(sortBy).Reverse())
+	if errors.Is(err, bolthold.ErrNotFound) {
+		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // absence is not an error here
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("find cache: %w", err)
+	}
+	return cache, nil
+}
+
+func insertCache(db *bolthold.Store, cache *Cache) error {
+	if err := db.Insert(bolthold.NextSequence(), cache); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("insert cache: %w", err)
+	}
+	// write back id to db
+	if err := db.Update(cache.ID, cache); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write back id to db: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// touchCache stamps UsedAt so gcCache does not reap an entry mid-upload. With requireIncomplete
+// it also refuses an entry that is already complete, which is what the v2 blob route needs: its
+// upload URL outlives the finalize call, and overwriting a finished entry would leave the blob
+// other jobs restore no longer matching its recorded size. An entry missing from the store is
+// accepted, since the signature proves the id was handed out.
+func (h *Handler) touchCache(id uint64, requireIncomplete bool) error {
+	db, err := h.openDB()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	cache := &Cache{}
+	if err := db.Get(id, cache); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, bolthold.ErrNotFound) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	if requireIncomplete && cache.Complete {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cache %d: already complete", id)
+	}
+	cache.UsedAt = time.Now().Unix()
+	return db.Update(cache.ID, cache)
+}
+
+const (
+	keepUsed   = 30 * 24 * time.Hour
+	keepUnused = 7 * 24 * time.Hour
+	keepTemp   = 5 * time.Minute
+	keepOld    = 5 * time.Minute
+)
+
+func (h *Handler) gcCache() {
+	if h.gcing.Load() {
+		return
+	}
+	if !h.gcing.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
+		return
+	}
+	defer h.gcing.Store(false)
+
+	if time.Since(h.gcAt) < time.Hour {
+		h.logger.Debugf("skip gc: %v", h.gcAt.String())
+		return
+	}
+	h.gcAt = time.Now()
+	h.logger.Debugf("gc: %v", h.gcAt.String())
+
+	db, err := h.openDB()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	// Remove the caches which are not completed for a while, they are most likely to be broken.
+	var caches []*Cache
+	if err := db.Find(&caches, bolthold.
+		Where("UsedAt").Lt(time.Now().Add(-keepTemp).Unix()).
+		And("Complete").Eq(false),
+	); err != nil {
+		h.logger.Warnf("find caches: %v", err)
+	} else {
+		for _, cache := range caches {
+			h.storage.Remove(cache.ID)
+			if err := db.Delete(cache.ID, cache); err != nil {
+				h.logger.Warnf("delete cache: %v", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			h.logger.Infof("deleted cache: %+v", cache)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Remove the old caches which have not been used recently.
+	caches = caches[:0]
+	if err := db.Find(&caches, bolthold.
+		Where("UsedAt").Lt(time.Now().Add(-keepUnused).Unix()),
+	); err != nil {
+		h.logger.Warnf("find caches: %v", err)
+	} else {
+		for _, cache := range caches {
+			h.storage.Remove(cache.ID)
+			if err := db.Delete(cache.ID, cache); err != nil {
+				h.logger.Warnf("delete cache: %v", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			h.logger.Infof("deleted cache: %+v", cache)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Remove the old caches which are too old.
+	caches = caches[:0]
+	if err := db.Find(&caches, bolthold.
+		Where("CreatedAt").Lt(time.Now().Add(-keepUsed).Unix()),
+	); err != nil {
+		h.logger.Warnf("find caches: %v", err)
+	} else {
+		for _, cache := range caches {
+			h.storage.Remove(cache.ID)
+			if err := db.Delete(cache.ID, cache); err != nil {
+				h.logger.Warnf("delete cache: %v", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			h.logger.Infof("deleted cache: %+v", cache)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Remove the old caches with the same key and version within the same
+	// repository, keep the latest one. Aggregation must include Repo so two
+	// repos that happen to share a (key, version) do not evict each other —
+	// otherwise per-repo scoping holds for reads but one repo can age
+	// another out after keepOld.
+	// Also keep the olds which have been used recently for a while in case of the cache is still in use.
+	if results, err := db.FindAggregate(
+		&Cache{},
+		bolthold.Where("Complete").Eq(true),
+		"Repo", "Key", "Version",
+	); err != nil {
+		h.logger.Warnf("find aggregate caches: %v", err)
+	} else {
+		for _, result := range results {
+			if result.Count() <= 1 {
+				continue
+			}
+			result.Sort("CreatedAt")
+			caches = caches[:0]
+			result.Reduction(&caches)
+			for _, cache := range caches[:len(caches)-1] {
+				if time.Since(time.Unix(cache.UsedAt, 0)) < keepOld {
+					// Keep it since it has been used recently, even if it's old.
+					// Or it could break downloading in process.
+					continue
+				}
+				h.storage.Remove(cache.ID)
+				if err := db.Delete(cache.ID, cache); err != nil {
+					h.logger.Warnf("delete cache: %v", err)
+					continue
+				}
+				h.logger.Infof("deleted cache: %+v", cache)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) responseJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, code int, v ...any) {
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
+	var data []byte
+	if len(v) == 0 || v[0] == nil {
+		data, _ = json.Marshal(struct{}{})
+	} else if err, ok := v[0].(error); ok {
+		h.logger.Errorf("%v %v: %v", r.Method, r.URL.Path, err)
+		data, _ = json.Marshal(map[string]any{
+			"error": err.Error(),
+		})
+	} else {
+		data, _ = json.Marshal(v[0])
+	}
+	w.WriteHeader(code)
+	_, _ = w.Write(data)
+}
+
+func parseContentRange(s string) (int64, int64, error) {
+	// support the format like "bytes 11-22/*" only
+	s, _, _ = strings.Cut(strings.TrimPrefix(s, "bytes "), "/")
+	s1, s2, _ := strings.Cut(s, "-")
+
+	start, err := strconv.ParseInt(s1, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("parse %q: %w", s, err)
+	}
+	stop, err := strconv.ParseInt(s2, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("parse %q: %w", s, err)
+	}
+	return start, stop, nil
+}

internal/act/artifactcache/handler_v2.go

@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package artifactcache
+
+import (
+	"cmp"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/xml"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
+)
+
+// The cache service v2 API. A client on this version talks twirp to
+// `github.actions.results.api.v1.CacheService` instead of the /_apis/artifactcache
+// endpoints, and uploads the archive to the returned URL with the Azure blob protocol.
+// Both API versions are served from the same store, so a repository keeps its cache
+// when a workflow moves between action versions.
+//
+// Responses carry the proto field names, which is what Gitea's own results API emits and the only
+// spelling the Go clients parse. The JavaScript toolkit accepts either.
+const (
+	cacheServiceV2Path = "/twirp/github.actions.results.api.v1.CacheService"
+
+	// blobPath authenticates by signature, because the client uploads without an
+	// Authorization header. Downloads are handed the v1 artifact URL instead.
+	blobPath = apiPath + "/blobs"
+
+	// blobUploadPurpose keeps an upload URL from being replayed to read an entry.
+	blobUploadPurpose = "upload:"
+
+	blobUploadURLTTL = time.Hour
+
+	// twirpInternal is the only error code that is not the client's fault.
+	twirpInternal = "internal"
+)
+
+func (h *Handler) registerV2Routes(router *httprouter.Router) {
+	router.POST(cacheServiceV2Path+"/CreateCacheEntry", h.bearerAuth(h.v2CreateCacheEntry))
+	router.POST(cacheServiceV2Path+"/FinalizeCacheEntryUpload", h.bearerAuth(h.v2FinalizeCacheEntryUpload))
+	router.POST(cacheServiceV2Path+"/GetCacheEntryDownloadURL", h.bearerAuth(h.v2GetCacheEntryDownloadURL))
+	router.PUT(blobPath+"/:id", h.signedAuth(blobUploadPurpose, h.v2UploadBlob))
+}
+
+// An entry that already exists is reported as not ok, which is how the client learns to skip
+// the upload.
+func (h *Handler) v2CreateCacheEntry(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
+	req, err := decodeTwirpRequest[v2CreateRequest](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.twirpError(w, r, "malformed_request", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if req.Key == "" || req.Version == "" {
+		h.twirpError(w, r, "invalid_argument", errors.New("key and version are required"))
+		return
+	}
+
+	db, err := h.openDB()
+	if err != nil {
+		h.twirpError(w, r, twirpInternal, err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	// An exact (key, version) match means the entry is already cached; the client then skips
+	// the upload. A prefix match must not count here, or a shorter key would be reported as
+	// existing and silently never saved.
+	if existing, err := findExactCache(db, cred.Repo, req.Key, req.Version, true); err != nil {
+		h.twirpError(w, r, twirpInternal, err)
+		return
+	} else if existing != nil {
+		h.twirpNotOK(w, r)
+		return
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	cache := &Cache{
+		Repo:      cred.Repo,
+		Key:       req.Key,
+		Version:   req.Version,
+		Size:      -1, // the size is only known at finalize time
+		CreatedAt: now,
+		UsedAt:    now,
+	}
+	if err := insertCache(db, cache); err != nil {
+		h.twirpError(w, r, twirpInternal, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{
+		"ok":                true,
+		"signed_upload_url": h.signedURL(blobPath, blobUploadPurpose, cache.ID, time.Now().Add(blobUploadURLTTL)),
+	})
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) v2FinalizeCacheEntryUpload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
+	req, err := decodeTwirpRequest[v2FinalizeRequest](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.twirpError(w, r, "malformed_request", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	db, err := h.openDB()
+	if err != nil {
+		h.twirpError(w, r, twirpInternal, err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	cache, err := findExactCache(db, cred.Repo, req.Key, req.Version, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.twirpError(w, r, twirpInternal, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if cache == nil {
+		h.twirpNotOK(w, r)
+		return
+	}
+	db.Close() // commitCache needs the store closed
+
+	cache.Size, _ = cmp.Or(req.SizeBytes, req.SizeBytesCamel).Int64()
+	if err := h.commitCache(cache); err != nil {
+		h.logger.Errorf("finalize cache %d (%s): %v", cache.ID, cache.Key, err)
+		h.twirpNotOK(w, r)
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{
+		"ok": true,
+		// int64 fields travel as strings in the proto JSON mapping.
+		"entry_id": strconv.FormatUint(cache.ID, 10),
+	})
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) v2GetCacheEntryDownloadURL(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
+	req, err := decodeTwirpRequest[v2DownloadRequest](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.twirpError(w, r, "malformed_request", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	db, err := h.openDB()
+	if err != nil {
+		h.twirpError(w, r, twirpInternal, err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	cache, err := h.lookupCache(db, cred.Repo, req.keys(), req.Version)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.twirpError(w, r, twirpInternal, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if cache == nil {
+		h.twirpNotOK(w, r)
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{
+		"ok":                  true,
+		"signed_download_url": h.signedArtifactURL(cache.ID, time.Now().Add(artifactURLTTL)),
+		"matched_key":         cache.Key,
+	})
+}
+
+// The archive arrives over the subset of the Azure blob API the toolkit uses: a small
+// cache is a single PUT, a large one is staged as blocks that a final block list puts
+// in order.
+func (h *Handler) v2UploadBlob(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+	id, err := strconv.ParseUint(params.ByName("id"), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := h.touchCache(id, true); err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	query := r.URL.Query()
+	switch strings.ToLower(query.Get("comp")) {
+	case "block":
+		blockID := query.Get("blockid")
+		if blockID == "" {
+			h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest, errors.New("missing blockid"))
+			return
+		}
+		err = h.storage.WriteBlock(id, blockID, r.Body)
+	case "blocklist":
+		var list struct{ Latest []string }
+		if err := xml.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 8<<20)).Decode(&list); err != nil {
+			h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Errorf("malformed block list: %w", err))
+			return
+		}
+		err = h.storage.OrderBlocks(id, list.Latest)
+	default:
+		err = h.storage.Write(id, 0, r.Body)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusInternalServerError, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// The Azure SDK client dereferences this without checking, so its absence panics the caller.
+	w.Header().Set("x-ms-request-id", strconv.FormatInt(time.Now().UnixNano(), 10))
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
+}
+
+// twirpNotOK is the negative answer all three endpoints share: no such entry to restore, no
+// reservation to finalize, or an entry that already exists and need not be uploaded again.
+func (h *Handler) twirpNotOK(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"ok": false})
+}
+
+// twirpError reports in the shape a twirp client expects, so the toolkit surfaces the message
+// instead of a parse error.
+func (h *Handler) twirpError(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, code string, err error) {
+	h.logger.Debugf("%s %s: %v", r.Method, r.URL.Path, err)
+	status := http.StatusBadRequest
+	if code == twirpInternal {
+		status = http.StatusInternalServerError
+	}
+	h.responseJSON(w, r, status, map[string]any{"code": code, "msg": err.Error()})
+}
+
+// The twirp request bodies. The toolkit's client serialises with useProtoFieldName, so the proto
+// names are what arrive; the camelCase spellings of the same mapping are accepted too, as are
+// int64s sent as a bare number rather than the string the mapping prescribes.
+type (
+	v2CreateRequest struct {
+		Key     string `json:"key"`
+		Version string `json:"version"`
+	}
+
+	v2FinalizeRequest struct {
+		Key            string      `json:"key"`
+		Version        string      `json:"version"`
+		SizeBytes      json.Number `json:"size_bytes"`
+		SizeBytesCamel json.Number `json:"sizeBytes"`
+	}
+
+	v2DownloadRequest struct {
+		Key              string   `json:"key"`
+		Version          string   `json:"version"`
+		RestoreKeys      []string `json:"restore_keys"`
+		RestoreKeysCamel []string `json:"restoreKeys"`
+	}
+)
+
+func (d v2DownloadRequest) keys() []string {
+	restoreKeys := d.RestoreKeys
+	if len(restoreKeys) == 0 {
+		restoreKeys = d.RestoreKeysCamel
+	}
+	return append([]string{d.Key}, restoreKeys...)
+}
+
+func decodeTwirpRequest[T any](r *http.Request) (T, error) {
+	var req T
+	err := json.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 1<<20)).Decode(&req)
+	return req, err
+}

internal/act/artifactcache/handler_v2_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package artifactcache
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// v2Call posts a twirp request to the cache service and returns the decoded response.
+// Field names are the proto ones, which is what the toolkit's client sends.
+func v2Call(t *testing.T, handler *Handler, client *http.Client, method string, request any) map[string]any {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	body, err := json.Marshal(request)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	resp, err := client.Post(handler.ExternalURL()+cacheServiceV2Path+"/"+method, "application/json", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode)
+
+	got := map[string]any{}
+	require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&got))
+	return got
+}
+
+// putBlob uploads to a signed URL and returns the status, so a test can assert a refusal.
+func putBlob(t *testing.T, url string, content []byte) int {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodPut, url, bytes.NewReader(content))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusCreated {
+		// The Azure SDK client dereferences this header without checking, so a blob upload that
+		// omits it panics the caller rather than failing it.
+		require.NotEmpty(t, resp.Header.Get("x-ms-request-id"))
+	}
+	return resp.StatusCode
+}
+
+func getURL(t *testing.T, url string) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return body
+}
+
+func startTestHandler(t *testing.T) *Handler {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	handler, err := StartHandler(filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "artifactcache"), "127.0.0.1", 0, "", nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = handler.Close() })
+	handler.RegisterJob(testToken, JobCredential{Repo: testRepo})
+	return handler
+}
+
+// saveV2 runs the reserve/upload/finalize sequence and returns the finalize response along
+// with the upload URL it used.
+func saveV2(t *testing.T, handler *Handler, key, version string, content []byte) (finalized map[string]any, uploadURL string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	created := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "CreateCacheEntry", map[string]any{"key": key, "version": version})
+	require.Equal(t, true, created["ok"])
+	uploadURL, _ = created["signed_upload_url"].(string)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, uploadURL)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, putBlob(t, uploadURL, content))
+
+	return v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "FinalizeCacheEntryUpload", map[string]any{
+		"key": key, "version": version,
+		"size_bytes": strconv.Itoa(len(content)),
+	}), uploadURL
+}
+
+// The whole round trip an actions/cache v2 client makes, plus the guarantees on the signed
+// URLs it is handed: unsigned requests are refused, an upload URL cannot be replayed to read
+// or to replace a finalized entry.
+func TestCacheServiceV2RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	handler := startTestHandler(t)
+	content := []byte("the cached archive")
+
+	unsigned := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s/1", handler.ExternalURL(), blobPath)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, putBlob(t, unsigned, content))
+
+	finalized, uploadURL := saveV2(t, handler, "deps-v1", "abc123", content)
+	require.Equal(t, true, finalized["ok"])
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, finalized["entry_id"])
+
+	// The upload URL outlives the finalize call, so replaying it must not poison the entry,
+	// and it is an upload URL only: nothing reads a blob back through it.
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, putBlob(t, uploadURL, []byte("poisoned")))
+	resp, err := http.Get(uploadURL) //nolint:noctx // the URL is the server under test
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, resp.StatusCode)
+
+	got := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "GetCacheEntryDownloadURL", map[string]any{"key": "deps-v1", "version": "abc123"})
+	require.Equal(t, true, got["ok"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "deps-v1", got["matched_key"])
+	downloadURL, _ := got["signed_download_url"].(string)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, downloadURL)
+	assert.Equal(t, content, getURL(t, downloadURL))
+}
+
+// A large archive is staged as blocks and only put in order by the final block list, so
+// blocks that arrive out of order must still be assembled the way the client asked.
+func TestCacheServiceV2BlockUpload(t *testing.T) {
+	handler := startTestHandler(t)
+
+	created := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "CreateCacheEntry", map[string]any{"key": "blocks", "version": "v1"})
+	uploadURL, _ := created["signed_upload_url"].(string)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, uploadURL)
+
+	blocks := map[string][]byte{}
+	var order []string
+	for i, part := range []string{"hello ", "world", "!"} {
+		blockID := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(fmt.Appendf(nil, "block-%d", i))
+		blocks[blockID] = []byte(part)
+		order = append(order, blockID)
+	}
+	// Upload in an order that is not the block list order.
+	for _, blockID := range []string{order[2], order[0], order[1]} {
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, putBlob(t, uploadURL+"&comp=block&blockid="+blockID, blocks[blockID]))
+	}
+
+	var list bytes.Buffer
+	list.WriteString(`<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><BlockList>`)
+	for _, blockID := range order {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&list, "<Latest>%s</Latest>", blockID)
+	}
+	list.WriteString(`</BlockList>`)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, putBlob(t, uploadURL+"&comp=blocklist", list.Bytes()))
+
+	finalized := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "FinalizeCacheEntryUpload", map[string]any{
+		"key": "blocks", "version": "v1", "size_bytes": len("hello world!"),
+	})
+	require.Equal(t, true, finalized["ok"])
+
+	got := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "GetCacheEntryDownloadURL", map[string]any{"key": "blocks", "version": "v1"})
+	require.Equal(t, true, got["ok"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "hello world!", string(getURL(t, got["signed_download_url"].(string))))
+}
+
+func TestCacheServiceV2Lookups(t *testing.T) {
+	handler := startTestHandler(t)
+	saved, _ := saveV2(t, handler, "deps-abc", "v1", []byte("x"))
+	require.Equal(t, true, saved["ok"])
+
+	t.Run("reports a miss for an unknown key", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "GetCacheEntryDownloadURL", map[string]any{"key": "nothing", "version": "v1"})
+		assert.Equal(t, false, got["ok"])
+	})
+
+	// The toolkit serialises with the proto field names; the camelCase spellings of the same
+	// proto JSON mapping are accepted alongside them.
+	for _, field := range []string{"restore_keys", "restoreKeys"} {
+		t.Run("restore keys match by prefix, spelled "+field, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "GetCacheEntryDownloadURL", map[string]any{
+				"key": "deps-zzz", field: []string{"deps-"}, "version": "v1",
+			})
+			require.Equal(t, true, got["ok"])
+			assert.Equal(t, "deps-abc", got["matched_key"])
+		})
+	}
+
+	t.Run("an existing entry is not reserved twice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		again := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "CreateCacheEntry", map[string]any{"key": "deps-abc", "version": "v1"})
+		assert.Equal(t, false, again["ok"])
+	})
+
+	// A key that is only a prefix of an existing one is a different entry, so the
+	// reservation check must be exact and not a restore-key prefix match, or the shorter
+	// key would be reported as existing and silently never saved.
+	t.Run("a prefix of an existing key is still reserved", func(t *testing.T) {
+		reserved := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "CreateCacheEntry", map[string]any{"key": "deps", "version": "v1"})
+		require.Equal(t, true, reserved["ok"])
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, reserved["signed_upload_url"])
+	})
+
+	t.Run("finalizing without a reservation is not ok", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "FinalizeCacheEntryUpload", map[string]any{
+			"key": "never-reserved", "version": "v1", "size_bytes": 1,
+		})
+		assert.Equal(t, false, got["ok"])
+	})
+
+	// The size the client declares is what Commit validates the assembled archive against.
+	t.Run("finalizing with the wrong size is not ok", func(t *testing.T) {
+		created := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "CreateCacheEntry", map[string]any{"key": "wrong-size", "version": "v1"})
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, putBlob(t, created["signed_upload_url"].(string), []byte("four")))
+
+		got := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "FinalizeCacheEntryUpload", map[string]any{
+			"key": "wrong-size", "version": "v1", "size_bytes": 99,
+		})
+		assert.Equal(t, false, got["ok"])
+	})
+
+	// Both API versions are served from one store, so an entry written through v2 is a hit for
+	// a v1 client asking for the same key and version.
+	t.Run("a v1 client sees an entry written through v2", func(t *testing.T) {
+		resp, err := testClient.Get(fmt.Sprintf("%s%s/cache?keys=deps-abc&version=v1", handler.ExternalURL(), apiPath))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode)
+
+		got := map[string]any{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&got))
+		assert.Equal(t, "deps-abc", got["cacheKey"])
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, got["archiveLocation"])
+	})
+
+	// The cache of one repository must stay invisible to another, as it does for the v1 API.
+	t.Run("another repository sees nothing", func(t *testing.T) {
+		handler.RegisterJob("other-runtime-token", JobCredential{Repo: "other/repo"})
+		otherClient := &http.Client{Transport: &bearerTransport{token: "other-runtime-token"}}
+
+		got := v2Call(t, handler, otherClient, "GetCacheEntryDownloadURL", map[string]any{"key": "deps-abc", "version": "v1"})
+		assert.Equal(t, false, got["ok"])
+	})
+}

internal/act/artifactcache/model.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2023 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package artifactcache
+
+type Request struct {
+	Key     string `json:"key" `
+	Version string `json:"version"`
+	Size    int64  `json:"cacheSize"`
+}
+
+func (c *Request) ToCache() *Cache {
+	if c == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	ret := &Cache{
+		Key:     c.Key,
+		Version: c.Version,
+		Size:    c.Size,
+	}
+	if c.Size == 0 {
+		// So the request comes from old versions of actions, like `actions/cache@v2`.
+		// It doesn't send cache size. Set it to -1 to indicate that.
+		ret.Size = -1
+	}
+	return ret
+}
+
+type Cache struct {
+	ID        uint64 `json:"id" boltholdKey:"ID"`
+	Repo      string `json:"repo" boltholdIndex:"Repo"`
+	Key       string `json:"key" boltholdIndex:"Key"`
+	Version   string `json:"version" boltholdIndex:"Version"`
+	Size      int64  `json:"cacheSize"`
+	Complete  bool   `json:"complete" boltholdIndex:"Complete"`
+	UsedAt    int64  `json:"usedAt" boltholdIndex:"UsedAt"`
+	CreatedAt int64  `json:"createdAt" boltholdIndex:"CreatedAt"`
+}

internal/act/artifactcache/results.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package artifactcache
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httputil"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// The results service is one origin serving every github.actions.results.api.v1 service, and
+// Gitea implements only the artifact half of it. Forwarding that half from here makes this origin
+// the whole service, so ACTIONS_RESULTS_URL can point at it truthfully, which is what the clients
+// this runner cannot patch need, docker buildx among them.
+//
+// The instance to forward to travels with the job registration rather than with configuration, so
+// a cache server shared between runners serves each of their instances.
+const artifactServicePath = "/twirp/github.actions.results.api.v1.ArtifactService/"
+
+// forwardOrNotFound is the router's fallback: the artifact service of the instance the job
+// registered with, and the 404 the router would have written otherwise.
+func (h *Handler) forwardOrNotFound(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	cred, ok := h.lookupCredential(bearerToken(r))
+	if !ok || cred.Results == "" || !strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, artifactServicePath) {
+		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		return
+	}
+	target, err := url.Parse(strings.TrimSuffix(cred.Results, "/"))
+	if err != nil {
+		h.logger.Errorf("artifact service forward to %q: %v", cred.Results, err)
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadGateway)
+		return
+	}
+	h.logger.Debugf("%s %s: forwarding to %s", r.Method, r.URL.Path, target)
+
+	proxy := &httputil.ReverseProxy{
+		Rewrite: func(r *httputil.ProxyRequest) {
+			r.SetURL(target)
+			// Gitea builds the URLs it hands back from this Host, and their scheme from the
+			// connection unless a forwarded header overrides it, so artifact bodies go to Gitea
+			// directly and never through here.
+			r.Out.Host = target.Host
+		},
+		ErrorHandler: func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, err error) {
+			h.logger.Warnf("artifact service forward to %s: %v", target, err)
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadGateway)
+		},
+	}
+	if cred.InsecureTLS {
+		proxy.Transport = insecureTransport
+	}
+	proxy.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+}
+
+// insecureTransport is shared, because a transport per request would pool no connections.
+var insecureTransport = &http.Transport{TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true}} //nolint:gosec // the runner reaches its instance on the operator's say-so

internal/act/artifactcache/results_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package artifactcache
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// The artifact half is forwarded under the Host Gitea knows itself by, so the URLs it hands back
+// still point at Gitea, and nothing else is proxied.
+func TestFrontResultsService(t *testing.T) {
+	var gotHost, gotPath, gotProto string
+	gitea := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		gotHost, gotPath, gotProto = r.Host, r.URL.Path, r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Proto")
+		_, _ = io.WriteString(w, `{"ok":true}`)
+	}))
+	defer gitea.Close()
+
+	handler, err := StartHandler(t.TempDir(), "127.0.0.1", 0, "", nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer handler.Close()
+	const token = "forward-token"
+
+	client := &http.Client{Transport: &bearerTransport{token: token}}
+	post := func(path string) int {
+		req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodPost, handler.ExternalURL()+path, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		resp, err := client.Do(req)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		resp.Body.Close()
+		return resp.StatusCode
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, post(artifactServicePath+"CreateArtifact"),
+		"an unregistered token is forwarded nowhere")
+
+	defer handler.RegisterJob(token, JobCredential{Repo: "owner/repo", Results: gitea.URL})()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, post(artifactServicePath+"CreateArtifact"))
+	assert.Equal(t, strings.TrimPrefix(gitea.URL, "http://"), gotHost, "Gitea must see the host it mints its URLs from")
+	assert.Empty(t, gotProto, "a forwarded scheme would make an https Gitea mint http URLs")
+	assert.Equal(t, artifactServicePath+"CreateArtifact", gotPath)
+
+	gotPath = ""
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, post("/twirp/github.actions.results.api.v1.OtherService/Do"))
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, post("/api/v1/repos/owner/repo"))
+	assert.Empty(t, gotPath, "only the artifact service is forwarded")
+}

internal/act/artifactcache/storage.go

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2023 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package artifactcache
+
+import (
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type Storage struct {
+	rootDir string
+}
+
+func NewStorage(rootDir string) (*Storage, error) {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(rootDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &Storage{
+		rootDir: rootDir,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Storage) Exist(id uint64) (bool, error) {
+	name := s.filename(id)
+	if _, err := os.Stat(name); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return false, nil
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Storage) Write(id uint64, offset int64, reader io.Reader) error {
+	return s.writeFile(s.tempName(id, offset), reader)
+}
+
+func (s *Storage) writeFile(name string, reader io.Reader) error {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(name), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	file, err := os.Create(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	_, err = io.Copy(file, reader)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (s *Storage) WriteBlock(id uint64, blockID string, reader io.Reader) error {
+	return s.writeFile(s.blockName(id, blockID), reader)
+}
+
+// OrderBlocks renames the staged blocks into the order the block list gives. A block the list
+// does not name keeps its staged name, which is how Commit leaves it out, as Azure drops it. One
+// rename pass is safe because a staged name always carries blockFilePrefix and a target name
+// never does, so no rename can collide with a block not yet moved.
+func (s *Storage) OrderBlocks(id uint64, blockIDs []string) error {
+	for i, blockID := range blockIDs {
+		if err := os.Rename(s.blockName(id, blockID), s.tempName(id, int64(i))); err != nil {
+			if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("block %q of cache %d was never uploaded: %w", blockID, id, err)
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *Storage) Commit(id uint64, size int64) (int64, error) {
+	defer func() {
+		_ = os.RemoveAll(s.tempDir(id))
+	}()
+
+	name := s.filename(id)
+	tempNames, err := s.tempNames(id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(name), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	written, err := assemble(name, tempNames)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	// If size is less than 0, it means the size is unknown.
+	// We can't check the size of the file, just skip the check.
+	// It happens when the request comes from old versions of actions, like `actions/cache@v2`.
+	if size >= 0 && written != size {
+		_ = os.Remove(name)
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("broken file: %v != %v", written, size)
+	}
+	return written, nil
+}
+
+// assemble concatenates the uploaded parts into name. A single part, which is what the v2 API
+// produces below the client's block threshold, is already the whole archive and is moved.
+func assemble(name string, tempNames []string) (int64, error) {
+	if len(tempNames) == 1 {
+		info, err := os.Stat(tempNames[0])
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		return info.Size(), os.Rename(tempNames[0], name)
+	}
+
+	file, err := os.Create(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	var written int64
+	for _, v := range tempNames {
+		f, err := os.Open(v)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		n, err := io.Copy(file, f)
+		_ = f.Close()
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		written += n
+	}
+	return written, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Storage) Serve(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id uint64) {
+	name := s.filename(id)
+	http.ServeFile(w, r, name)
+}
+
+func (s *Storage) Remove(id uint64) {
+	_ = os.Remove(s.filename(id))
+	_ = os.RemoveAll(s.tempDir(id))
+}
+
+func (s *Storage) filename(id uint64) string {
+	return filepath.Join(s.rootDir, fmt.Sprintf("%02x", id%0xff), strconv.FormatUint(id, 10))
+}
+
+func (s *Storage) tempDir(id uint64) string {
+	return filepath.Join(s.rootDir, "tmp", strconv.FormatUint(id, 10))
+}
+
+func (s *Storage) tempName(id uint64, offset int64) string {
+	return filepath.Join(s.tempDir(id), fmt.Sprintf("%016x", offset))
+}
+
+// blockFilePrefix marks a staged, not yet ordered block, so that tempNames can keep it out of
+// Commit's name-ordered concatenation.
+const blockFilePrefix = "block-"
+
+func (s *Storage) blockName(id uint64, blockID string) string {
+	// The block id is client-chosen (base64), so it is hashed rather than trusted as a
+	// path element.
+	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(blockID))
+	return filepath.Join(s.tempDir(id), blockFilePrefix+hex.EncodeToString(sum[:]))
+}
+
+func (s *Storage) tempNames(id uint64) ([]string, error) {
+	dir := s.tempDir(id)
+	files, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var names []string
+	for _, v := range files {
+		if !v.IsDir() && !strings.HasPrefix(v.Name(), blockFilePrefix) {
+			names = append(names, filepath.Join(dir, v.Name()))
+		}
+	}
+	return names, nil
+}

internal/act/artifacts/server.go

@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2021 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package artifacts
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
+)
+
+type FileContainerResourceURL struct {
+	FileContainerResourceURL string `json:"fileContainerResourceUrl"`
+}
+
+type NamedFileContainerResourceURL struct {
+	Name                     string `json:"name"`
+	FileContainerResourceURL string `json:"fileContainerResourceUrl"`
+}
+
+type NamedFileContainerResourceURLResponse struct {
+	Count int                             `json:"count"`
+	Value []NamedFileContainerResourceURL `json:"value"`
+}
+
+type ContainerItem struct {
+	Path            string `json:"path"`
+	ItemType        string `json:"itemType"`
+	ContentLocation string `json:"contentLocation"`
+}
+
+type ContainerItemResponse struct {
+	Value []ContainerItem `json:"value"`
+}
+
+type ResponseMessage struct {
+	Message string `json:"message"`
+}
+
+type WritableFile interface {
+	io.WriteCloser
+}
+
+type WriteFS interface {
+	OpenWritable(name string) (WritableFile, error)
+	OpenAppendable(name string) (WritableFile, error)
+}
+
+type readWriteFSImpl struct{}
+
+func (fwfs readWriteFSImpl) Open(name string) (fs.File, error) {
+	return os.Open(name)
+}
+
+func (fwfs readWriteFSImpl) OpenWritable(name string) (WritableFile, error) {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(name), os.ModePerm); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return os.OpenFile(name, os.O_CREATE|os.O_RDWR|os.O_TRUNC, 0o644)
+}
+
+func (fwfs readWriteFSImpl) OpenAppendable(name string) (WritableFile, error) {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(name), os.ModePerm); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	file, err := os.OpenFile(name, os.O_CREATE|os.O_RDWR, 0o644)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	_, err = file.Seek(0, io.SeekEnd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return file, nil
+}
+
+var gzipExtension = ".gz__"
+
+func safeResolve(baseDir, relPath string) string {
+	return filepath.Join(baseDir, filepath.Clean(filepath.Join(string(os.PathSeparator), relPath)))
+}
+
+func uploads(router *httprouter.Router, baseDir string, fsys WriteFS) {
+	router.POST("/_apis/pipelines/workflows/:runId/artifacts", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+		runID := params.ByName("runId")
+
+		json, err := json.Marshal(FileContainerResourceURL{
+			FileContainerResourceURL: fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/upload/%s", req.Host, runID),
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+
+		_, err = w.Write(json)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	router.PUT("/upload/:runId", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+		itemPath := req.URL.Query().Get("itemPath")
+		runID := params.ByName("runId")
+
+		if req.Header.Get("Content-Encoding") == "gzip" {
+			itemPath += gzipExtension
+		}
+
+		safeRunPath := safeResolve(baseDir, runID)
+		safePath := safeResolve(safeRunPath, itemPath)
+
+		file, err := func() (WritableFile, error) {
+			contentRange := req.Header.Get("Content-Range")
+			if contentRange != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(contentRange, "bytes 0-") {
+				return fsys.OpenAppendable(safePath)
+			}
+			return fsys.OpenWritable(safePath)
+		}()
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+		defer file.Close()
+
+		writer, ok := file.(io.Writer)
+		if !ok {
+			panic(errors.New("File is not writable"))
+		}
+
+		if req.Body == nil {
+			panic(errors.New("No body given"))
+		}
+
+		_, err = io.Copy(writer, req.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+
+		json, err := json.Marshal(ResponseMessage{
+			Message: "success",
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+
+		_, err = w.Write(json)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	router.PATCH("/_apis/pipelines/workflows/:runId/artifacts", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+		json, err := json.Marshal(ResponseMessage{
+			Message: "success",
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+
+		_, err = w.Write(json)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func downloads(router *httprouter.Router, baseDir string, fsys fs.FS) {
+	router.GET("/_apis/pipelines/workflows/:runId/artifacts", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+		runID := params.ByName("runId")
+
+		safePath := safeResolve(baseDir, runID)
+
+		entries, err := fs.ReadDir(fsys, safePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+
+		var list []NamedFileContainerResourceURL
+		for _, entry := range entries {
+			list = append(list, NamedFileContainerResourceURL{
+				Name:                     entry.Name(),
+				FileContainerResourceURL: fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/download/%s", req.Host, runID),
+			})
+		}
+
+		json, err := json.Marshal(NamedFileContainerResourceURLResponse{
+			Count: len(list),
+			Value: list,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+
+		_, err = w.Write(json)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	router.GET("/download/:container", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+		container := params.ByName("container")
+		itemPath := req.URL.Query().Get("itemPath")
+		safePath := safeResolve(baseDir, filepath.Join(container, itemPath))
+
+		var files []ContainerItem
+		err := fs.WalkDir(fsys, safePath, func(path string, entry fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
+			if !entry.IsDir() {
+				rel, err := filepath.Rel(safePath, path)
+				if err != nil {
+					panic(err)
+				}
+
+				// if it was upload as gzip
+				rel = strings.TrimSuffix(rel, gzipExtension)
+				path := filepath.Join(itemPath, rel)
+
+				rel = filepath.ToSlash(rel)
+				path = filepath.ToSlash(path)
+
+				files = append(files, ContainerItem{
+					Path:            path,
+					ItemType:        "file",
+					ContentLocation: fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/artifact/%s/%s/%s", req.Host, container, itemPath, rel),
+				})
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+
+		json, err := json.Marshal(ContainerItemResponse{
+			Value: files,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+
+		_, err = w.Write(json)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	router.GET("/artifact/*path", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+		path := params.ByName("path")[1:]
+
+		safePath := safeResolve(baseDir, path)
+
+		file, err := fsys.Open(safePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			// try gzip file
+			file, err = fsys.Open(safePath + gzipExtension)
+			if err != nil {
+				panic(err)
+			}
+			w.Header().Add("Content-Encoding", "gzip")
+		}
+
+		_, err = io.Copy(w, file)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func Serve(ctx context.Context, artifactPath, addr, port string) context.CancelFunc {
+	serverContext, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	logger := common.Logger(serverContext)
+
+	if artifactPath == "" {
+		return cancel
+	}
+
+	router := httprouter.New()
+
+	logger.Debugf("Artifacts base path '%s'", artifactPath)
+	fsys := readWriteFSImpl{}
+	uploads(router, artifactPath, fsys)
+	downloads(router, artifactPath, fsys)
+
+	server := &http.Server{
+		Addr:              fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", addr, port),
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: 2 * time.Second,
+		Handler:           router,
+	}
+
+	// run server
+	go func() {
+		logger.Infof("Start server on http://%s:%s", addr, port)
+		if err := server.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
+			logger.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// wait for cancel to gracefully shutdown server
+	go func() {
+		<-serverContext.Done()
+
+		if err := server.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
+			logger.Errorf("Failed shutdown gracefully - force shutdown: %v", err)
+			server.Close()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return cancel
+}

internal/act/artifacts/server_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,481 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2021 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package artifacts
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"maps"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"testing/fstest"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+type writableMapFile struct {
+	fstest.MapFile
+}
+
+func (f *writableMapFile) Write(data []byte) (int, error) {
+	f.Data = data
+	return len(data), nil
+}
+
+func (f *writableMapFile) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+type writeMapFS struct {
+	fstest.MapFS
+}
+
+func (fsys writeMapFS) OpenWritable(name string) (WritableFile, error) {
+	file := &writableMapFile{
+		MapFile: fstest.MapFile{
+			Data: []byte("content2"),
+		},
+	}
+	fsys.MapFS[name] = &file.MapFile
+
+	return file, nil
+}
+
+func (fsys writeMapFS) OpenAppendable(name string) (WritableFile, error) {
+	file := &writableMapFile{
+		MapFile: fstest.MapFile{
+			Data: []byte("content2"),
+		},
+	}
+	fsys.MapFS[name] = &file.MapFile
+
+	return file, nil
+}
+
+func TestNewArtifactUploadPrepare(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+
+	memfs := fstest.MapFS(map[string]*fstest.MapFile{})
+
+	router := httprouter.New()
+	uploads(router, "artifact/server/path", writeMapFS{memfs})
+
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "http://localhost/_apis/pipelines/workflows/1/artifacts", nil)
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	router.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	if status := rr.Code; status != http.StatusOK {
+		assert.Fail("Wrong status")
+	}
+
+	response := FileContainerResourceURL{}
+	err := json.Unmarshal(rr.Body.Bytes(), &response)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal("http://localhost/upload/1", response.FileContainerResourceURL)
+}
+
+func TestArtifactUploadBlob(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+
+	memfs := fstest.MapFS(map[string]*fstest.MapFile{})
+
+	router := httprouter.New()
+	uploads(router, "artifact/server/path", writeMapFS{memfs})
+
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, "http://localhost/upload/1?itemPath=some/file", strings.NewReader("content"))
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	router.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	if status := rr.Code; status != http.StatusOK {
+		assert.Fail("Wrong status")
+	}
+
+	response := ResponseMessage{}
+	err := json.Unmarshal(rr.Body.Bytes(), &response)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal("success", response.Message)
+	assert.Equal("content", string(memfs["artifact/server/path/1/some/file"].Data))
+}
+
+func TestFinalizeArtifactUpload(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+
+	memfs := fstest.MapFS(map[string]*fstest.MapFile{})
+
+	router := httprouter.New()
+	uploads(router, "artifact/server/path", writeMapFS{memfs})
+
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPatch, "http://localhost/_apis/pipelines/workflows/1/artifacts", nil)
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	router.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	if status := rr.Code; status != http.StatusOK {
+		assert.Fail("Wrong status")
+	}
+
+	response := ResponseMessage{}
+	err := json.Unmarshal(rr.Body.Bytes(), &response)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal("success", response.Message)
+}
+
+func TestListArtifacts(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+
+	memfs := fstest.MapFS(map[string]*fstest.MapFile{
+		"artifact/server/path/1/file.txt": {
+			Data: []byte(""),
+		},
+	})
+
+	router := httprouter.New()
+	downloads(router, "artifact/server/path", memfs)
+
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost/_apis/pipelines/workflows/1/artifacts", nil)
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	router.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	if status := rr.Code; status != http.StatusOK {
+		assert.FailNow(fmt.Sprintf("Wrong status: %d", status))
+	}
+
+	response := NamedFileContainerResourceURLResponse{}
+	err := json.Unmarshal(rr.Body.Bytes(), &response)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(1, response.Count)
+	assert.Equal("file.txt", response.Value[0].Name)
+	assert.Equal("http://localhost/download/1", response.Value[0].FileContainerResourceURL)
+}
+
+func TestListArtifactContainer(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+
+	memfs := fstest.MapFS(map[string]*fstest.MapFile{
+		"artifact/server/path/1/some/file": {
+			Data: []byte(""),
+		},
+	})
+
+	router := httprouter.New()
+	downloads(router, "artifact/server/path", memfs)
+
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost/download/1?itemPath=some/file", nil)
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	router.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	if status := rr.Code; status != http.StatusOK {
+		assert.FailNow(fmt.Sprintf("Wrong status: %d", status))
+	}
+
+	response := ContainerItemResponse{}
+	err := json.Unmarshal(rr.Body.Bytes(), &response)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	assert.Len(response.Value, 1)
+	assert.Equal("some/file", response.Value[0].Path)
+	assert.Equal("file", response.Value[0].ItemType)
+	assert.Equal("http://localhost/artifact/1/some/file/.", response.Value[0].ContentLocation)
+}
+
+func TestDownloadArtifactFile(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+
+	memfs := fstest.MapFS(map[string]*fstest.MapFile{
+		"artifact/server/path/1/some/file": {
+			Data: []byte("content"),
+		},
+	})
+
+	router := httprouter.New()
+	downloads(router, "artifact/server/path", memfs)
+
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost/artifact/1/some/file", nil)
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	router.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	if status := rr.Code; status != http.StatusOK {
+		assert.FailNow(fmt.Sprintf("Wrong status: %d", status))
+	}
+
+	data := rr.Body.Bytes()
+
+	assert.Equal("content", string(data))
+}
+
+// TestArtifactFlow drives the real Serve() artifact server over a loopback socket, exercising
+// the same upload -> finalize -> list -> download protocol the upload-artifact/download-artifact
+// actions speak. Running it in-process (rather than from a job container) keeps it network-free
+// and reachable everywhere, including when the CI job is itself a container.
+func TestArtifactFlow(t *testing.T) {
+	artifactPath := t.TempDir()
+
+	// Serve the exact routes Serve() wires up, on a real loopback socket via httptest. httptest
+	// picks a free port and Close() tears the server down synchronously — avoiding both the
+	// port-rebind race and Serve()'s detached ListenAndServe goroutine, which logger.Fatal()s
+	// (process exit) on a bind error and can outlive the test's temp-dir cleanup.
+	router := httprouter.New()
+	fsys := readWriteFSImpl{}
+	uploads(router, artifactPath, fsys)
+	downloads(router, artifactPath, fsys)
+	server := httptest.NewServer(router)
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	baseURL := server.URL
+	client := server.Client()
+	client.Timeout = 5 * time.Second
+
+	// request performs one HTTP call and returns the status and body. The default transport adds
+	// Accept-Encoding: gzip and transparently decompresses, so gzipped downloads come back plain.
+	request := func(t *testing.T, method, rawURL string, body io.Reader, header http.Header) (int, []byte) {
+		t.Helper()
+		req, err := http.NewRequest(method, rawURL, body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		maps.Copy(req.Header, header)
+		resp, err := client.Do(req)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+		data, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		return resp.StatusCode, data
+	}
+
+	t.Run("upload-and-download", func(t *testing.T) {
+		const runID, item, content = "1", "my-artifact/data.txt", "hello artifact\n"
+
+		status, data := request(t, http.MethodPost, baseURL+"/_apis/pipelines/workflows/"+runID+"/artifacts", nil, nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
+		var prep FileContainerResourceURL
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &prep))
+		require.Equal(t, baseURL+"/upload/"+runID, prep.FileContainerResourceURL)
+
+		status, data = request(t, http.MethodPut, prep.FileContainerResourceURL+"?itemPath="+url.QueryEscape(item), strings.NewReader(content), nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
+		var msg ResponseMessage
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &msg))
+		require.Equal(t, "success", msg.Message)
+
+		status, data = request(t, http.MethodPatch, baseURL+"/_apis/pipelines/workflows/"+runID+"/artifacts", nil, nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
+
+		status, data = request(t, http.MethodGet, baseURL+"/_apis/pipelines/workflows/"+runID+"/artifacts", nil, nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
+		var list NamedFileContainerResourceURLResponse
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &list))
+		require.Equal(t, 1, list.Count)
+		require.Equal(t, "my-artifact", list.Value[0].Name)
+
+		status, data = request(t, http.MethodGet, list.Value[0].FileContainerResourceURL+"?itemPath=my-artifact", nil, nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
+		var items ContainerItemResponse
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &items))
+		require.Len(t, items.Value, 1)
+		require.Equal(t, "file", items.Value[0].ItemType)
+		require.Equal(t, "my-artifact/data.txt", items.Value[0].Path)
+
+		status, data = request(t, http.MethodGet, items.Value[0].ContentLocation, nil, nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status)
+		require.Equal(t, content, string(data))
+
+		stored, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(artifactPath, runID, "my-artifact", "data.txt"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, content, string(stored))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("gzip-roundtrip", func(t *testing.T) {
+		const runID, item, content = "2", "logs/app.log", "compressed payload\n"
+
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		gz := gzip.NewWriter(&buf)
+		_, err := gz.Write([]byte(content))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NoError(t, gz.Close())
+
+		status, data := request(t, http.MethodPut, baseURL+"/upload/"+runID+"?itemPath="+url.QueryEscape(item),
+			&buf, http.Header{"Content-Encoding": []string{"gzip"}})
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
+
+		// stored compressed, with the server's gzip marker suffix
+		_, err = os.Stat(filepath.Join(artifactPath, runID, "logs", "app.log.gz__"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		status, data = request(t, http.MethodGet, baseURL+"/download/"+runID+"?itemPath=logs", nil, nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
+		var items ContainerItemResponse
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &items))
+		require.Len(t, items.Value, 1)
+		require.Equal(t, "logs/app.log", items.Value[0].Path)
+
+		status, data = request(t, http.MethodGet, items.Value[0].ContentLocation, nil, nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status)
+		require.Equal(t, content, string(data))
+	})
+
+	// GHSL-2023-004: an itemPath that climbs out of the run directory must be neutralised so the
+	// blob cannot be written outside the artifact root.
+	t.Run("GHSL-2023-004", func(t *testing.T) {
+		const runID, content = "3", "contained\n"
+
+		status, data := request(t, http.MethodPut, baseURL+"/upload/"+runID+"?itemPath="+url.QueryEscape("../../escape.txt"),
+			strings.NewReader(content), nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
+
+		stored, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(artifactPath, runID, "escape.txt"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, content, string(stored))
+
+		_, err = os.Stat(filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(artifactPath), "escape.txt"))
+		require.True(t, os.IsNotExist(err), "upload escaped the artifact root")
+
+		status, data = request(t, http.MethodGet, baseURL+"/artifact/"+runID+"/escape.txt", nil, nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status)
+		require.Equal(t, content, string(data))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestMkdirFsImplSafeResolve(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+
+	baseDir := "/foo/bar"
+
+	tests := map[string]struct {
+		input string
+		want  string
+	}{
+		"simple":         {input: "baz", want: "/foo/bar/baz"},
+		"nested":         {input: "baz/blue", want: "/foo/bar/baz/blue"},
+		"dots in middle": {input: "baz/../../blue", want: "/foo/bar/blue"},
+		"leading dots":   {input: "../../parent", want: "/foo/bar/parent"},
+		"root path":      {input: "/root", want: "/foo/bar/root"},
+		"root":           {input: "/", want: "/foo/bar"},
+		"empty":          {input: "", want: "/foo/bar"},
+	}
+
+	for name, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(tc.want, safeResolve(baseDir, tc.input))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadWriteFSWritableAndAppendable(t *testing.T) {
+	fsys := readWriteFSImpl{}
+	name := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "nested", "artifact.txt")
+
+	w, err := fsys.OpenWritable(name)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = w.Write([]byte("first"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, w.Close())
+
+	w, err = fsys.OpenAppendable(name)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = w.Write([]byte("-second"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, w.Close())
+
+	got, err := os.ReadFile(name)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "first-second", string(got))
+
+	w, err = fsys.OpenWritable(name)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = w.Write([]byte("replaced"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, w.Close())
+
+	got, err = os.ReadFile(name)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "replaced", string(got))
+}
+
+func TestServeEmptyArtifactPathReturnsCancelableNoop(t *testing.T) {
+	cancel := Serve(t.Context(), "", "127.0.0.1", "0")
+	require.NotNil(t, cancel)
+	cancel()
+}
+
+func TestDownloadArtifactFileUnsafePath(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+
+	memfs := fstest.MapFS(map[string]*fstest.MapFile{
+		"artifact/server/path/some/file": {
+			Data: []byte("content"),
+		},
+	})
+
+	router := httprouter.New()
+	downloads(router, "artifact/server/path", memfs)
+
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://localhost/artifact/2/../../some/file", nil)
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	router.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	if status := rr.Code; status != http.StatusOK {
+		assert.FailNow(fmt.Sprintf("Wrong status: %d", status))
+	}
+
+	data := rr.Body.Bytes()
+
+	assert.Equal("content", string(data))
+}
+
+func TestArtifactUploadBlobUnsafePath(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+
+	memfs := fstest.MapFS(map[string]*fstest.MapFile{})
+
+	router := httprouter.New()
+	uploads(router, "artifact/server/path", writeMapFS{memfs})
+
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, "http://localhost/upload/1?itemPath=../../some/file", strings.NewReader("content"))
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	router.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	if status := rr.Code; status != http.StatusOK {
+		assert.Fail("Wrong status")
+	}
+
+	response := ResponseMessage{}
+	err := json.Unmarshal(rr.Body.Bytes(), &response)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal("success", response.Message)
+	assert.Equal("content", string(memfs["artifact/server/path/1/some/file"].Data))
+}

internal/act/common/context_helpers_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package common
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+func TestDryrunContext(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	if Dryrun(ctx) {
+		t.Fatal("plain context should not be dryrun")
+	}
+	if !Dryrun(WithDryrun(ctx, true)) {
+		t.Fatal("WithDryrun(true) should set dryrun")
+	}
+	if Dryrun(WithDryrun(ctx, false)) {
+		t.Fatal("WithDryrun(false) should clear dryrun")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestJobErrorContainer(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	err := errors.New("job failed")
+
+	SetJobError(ctx, err)
+	if got := JobError(ctx); got != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("JobError without container = %v, want nil", got)
+	}
+
+	ctx = WithJobErrorContainer(ctx)
+	SetJobError(ctx, err)
+	if got := JobError(ctx); !errors.Is(got, err) {
+		t.Fatalf("JobError = %v, want %v", got, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoggerAndHookContext(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	if Logger(ctx) != logrus.StandardLogger() {
+		t.Fatal("plain context should use standard logger")
+	}
+	if LoggerHook(ctx) != nil {
+		t.Fatal("plain context should not have a logger hook")
+	}
+
+	logger := logrus.New()
+	ctx = WithLogger(ctx, logger)
+	if Logger(ctx) != logger {
+		t.Fatal("WithLogger should set logger")
+	}
+
+	hook := testHook{}
+	ctx = WithLoggerHook(ctx, hook)
+	if LoggerHook(ctx) != hook {
+		t.Fatal("WithLoggerHook should set hook")
+	}
+}
+
+type testHook struct{}
+
+func (testHook) Levels() []logrus.Level {
+	return logrus.AllLevels
+}
+
+func (testHook) Fire(*logrus.Entry) error {
+	return nil
+}

internal/act/common/dryrun.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package common
+
+import (
+	"context"
+)
+
+type dryrunContextKey string
+
+const dryrunContextKeyVal = dryrunContextKey("dryrun")
+
+// Dryrun returns true if the current context is dryrun
+func Dryrun(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	val := ctx.Value(dryrunContextKeyVal)
+	if val != nil {
+		if dryrun, ok := val.(bool); ok {
+			return dryrun
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// WithDryrun adds a value to the context for dryrun
+func WithDryrun(ctx context.Context, dryrun bool) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, dryrunContextKeyVal, dryrun)
+}

internal/act/common/executor.go

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package common
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"runtime/debug"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// Executor define contract for the steps of a workflow
+type Executor func(ctx context.Context) error
+
+// Conditional define contract for the conditional predicate
+type Conditional func(ctx context.Context) bool
+
+// NewInfoExecutor is an executor that logs messages
+func NewInfoExecutor(format string, args ...any) Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		logger := Logger(ctx)
+		logger.Infof(format, args...)
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// NewDebugExecutor is an executor that logs messages
+func NewDebugExecutor(format string, args ...any) Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		logger := Logger(ctx)
+		logger.Debugf(format, args...)
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// NewPipelineExecutor creates a new executor from a series of other executors
+func NewPipelineExecutor(executors ...Executor) Executor {
+	if len(executors) == 0 {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	var rtn Executor
+	for _, executor := range executors {
+		if rtn == nil {
+			rtn = executor
+		} else {
+			rtn = rtn.Then(executor)
+		}
+	}
+	return rtn
+}
+
+// NewConditionalExecutor creates a new executor based on conditions
+func NewConditionalExecutor(conditional Conditional, trueExecutor, falseExecutor Executor) Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		if conditional(ctx) {
+			if trueExecutor != nil {
+				return trueExecutor(ctx)
+			}
+		} else {
+			if falseExecutor != nil {
+				return falseExecutor(ctx)
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// NewErrorExecutor creates a new executor that always errors out
+func NewErrorExecutor(err error) Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return err
+	}
+}
+
+// NewParallelExecutor creates a new executor from a parallel of other executors
+func NewParallelExecutor(parallel int, executors ...Executor) Executor {
+	if len(executors) == 0 {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			return ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
+
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		work := make(chan Executor, len(executors))
+		errs := make(chan error, len(executors))
+
+		if 1 > parallel {
+			log.Debugf("Parallel tasks (%d) below minimum, setting to 1", parallel)
+			parallel = 1
+		}
+
+		log.Infof("NewParallelExecutor: Creating %d workers for %d executors", parallel, len(executors))
+
+		for i := 0; i < parallel; i++ {
+			go func(workerID int, work <-chan Executor, errs chan<- error) {
+				log.Debugf("Worker %d started", workerID)
+				taskCount := 0
+				for executor := range work {
+					taskCount++
+					log.Debugf("Worker %d executing task %d", workerID, taskCount)
+					// Recover from panics in executors to avoid crashing the worker
+					// goroutine which would leave the runner process hung.
+					// https://gitea.com/gitea/runner/issues/371
+					errs <- func() (err error) {
+						defer func() {
+							if r := recover(); r != nil {
+								log.Errorf("panic in executor: %v\n%s", r, debug.Stack())
+								err = fmt.Errorf("panic: %v", r)
+							}
+						}()
+						return executor(ctx)
+					}()
+				}
+				log.Debugf("Worker %d finished (%d tasks executed)", workerID, taskCount)
+			}(i, work, errs)
+		}
+
+		for i := range executors {
+			work <- executors[i]
+		}
+		close(work)
+
+		// Executor waits all executors to cleanup these resources.
+		var firstErr error
+		for range executors {
+			err := <-errs
+			if firstErr == nil {
+				firstErr = err
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return firstErr
+	}
+}
+
+// Then runs another executor if this executor succeeds
+func (e Executor) Then(then Executor) Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		if err := e(ctx); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return ctx.Err()
+		}
+		return then(ctx)
+	}
+}
+
+// If only runs this executor if conditional is true
+func (e Executor) If(conditional Conditional) Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		if conditional(ctx) {
+			return e(ctx)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// IfNot only runs this executor if conditional is true
+func (e Executor) IfNot(conditional Conditional) Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		if !conditional(ctx) {
+			return e(ctx)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// IfBool only runs this executor if conditional is true
+func (e Executor) IfBool(conditional bool) Executor {
+	return e.If(func(ctx context.Context) bool {
+		return conditional
+	})
+}
+
+// Finally adds an executor to run after other executor
+func (e Executor) Finally(finally Executor) Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		err := e(ctx)
+		err2 := finally(ctx)
+		if err2 != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Error occurred running finally: %v (original error: %v)", err2, err)
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+}
+
+// Not return an inverted conditional
+func (c Conditional) Not() Conditional {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) bool {
+		return !c(ctx)
+	}
+}

internal/act/common/executor_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package common
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestNewWorkflow(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// empty
+	emptyWorkflow := NewPipelineExecutor()
+	assert.NoError(emptyWorkflow(ctx)) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+
+	// error case
+	errorWorkflow := NewErrorExecutor(errors.New("test error"))
+	assert.Error(errorWorkflow(ctx)) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+
+	// multiple success case
+	runcount := 0
+	successWorkflow := NewPipelineExecutor(
+		func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			runcount++
+			return nil
+		},
+		func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			runcount++
+			return nil
+		})
+	assert.NoError(successWorkflow(ctx)) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(2, runcount)
+}
+
+func TestNewConditionalExecutor(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	trueCount := 0
+	falseCount := 0
+
+	err := NewConditionalExecutor(func(ctx context.Context) bool {
+		return false
+	}, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		trueCount++
+		return nil
+	}, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		falseCount++
+		return nil
+	})(ctx)
+
+	assert.NoError(err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(0, trueCount)
+	assert.Equal(1, falseCount)
+
+	err = NewConditionalExecutor(func(ctx context.Context) bool {
+		return true
+	}, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		trueCount++
+		return nil
+	}, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		falseCount++
+		return nil
+	})(ctx)
+
+	assert.NoError(err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(1, trueCount)
+	assert.Equal(1, falseCount)
+}
+
+// concurrencyProbe returns an executor recording the peak number of concurrent copies. Copies
+// block until wantActive are in flight so the peak is exact without sleeping, and later copies
+// find the gate already open so the last one still finishes with no partner left.
+func concurrencyProbe(wantActive int32) (exec Executor, count, maxActive *atomic.Int32) {
+	var counted, active, peak atomic.Int32
+	var once sync.Once
+	reached := make(chan struct{})
+
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		counted.Add(1)
+		running := active.Add(1)
+		for {
+			seen := peak.Load()
+			if running <= seen || peak.CompareAndSwap(seen, running) {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if running >= wantActive {
+			once.Do(func() { close(reached) })
+		}
+		<-reached
+		active.Add(-1)
+		return nil
+	}, &counted, &peak
+}
+
+func TestNewParallelExecutor(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	exec, count, maxActive := concurrencyProbe(2)
+	require.NoError(t, NewParallelExecutor(2, exec, exec, exec)(ctx))
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(3), count.Load(), "should run all 3 executors")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(2), maxActive.Load(), "should run at most 2 executors in parallel")
+
+	// parallelism below 1 falls back to a single worker
+	exec, count, maxActive = concurrencyProbe(1)
+	require.NoError(t, NewParallelExecutor(0, exec, exec, exec)(ctx))
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(3), count.Load(), "should run all 3 executors")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), maxActive.Load(), "should run at most 1 executor in parallel")
+}
+
+func TestNewParallelExecutorEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	require.NoError(t, NewParallelExecutor(2)(ctx))
+
+	canceledCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	err := NewParallelExecutor(2)(canceledCtx)
+	assert.ErrorIs(err, context.Canceled)
+}
+
+func TestNewParallelExecutorFailed(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	count := 0
+	errorWorkflow := NewPipelineExecutor(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		count++
+		return errors.New("fake error")
+	})
+	err := NewParallelExecutor(1, errorWorkflow)(ctx)
+	assert.Equal(1, count)
+	assert.ErrorIs(context.Canceled, err)
+}
+
+func TestNewParallelExecutorCanceled(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	errExpected := errors.New("fake error")
+
+	var count atomic.Int32
+	successWorkflow := NewPipelineExecutor(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		count.Add(1)
+		return nil
+	})
+	errorWorkflow := NewPipelineExecutor(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		count.Add(1)
+		return errExpected
+	})
+	err := NewParallelExecutor(3, errorWorkflow, successWorkflow, successWorkflow)(ctx)
+	assert.Equal(int32(3), count.Load())
+	assert.Error(errExpected, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+}
+
+func TestNewParallelExecutorRunsRemainingAfterFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	var successCount atomic.Int32
+	executors := make([]Executor, 5)
+	for i := range executors {
+		executors[i] = func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			if i == 2 {
+				return errors.New("fake error")
+			}
+			successCount.Add(1)
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	require.Error(t, NewParallelExecutor(2, executors...)(context.Background()))
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(4), successCount.Load(), "a failing executor must not stop the others")
+}
+
+func TestExecutorConditionalsAndFinally(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	var calls []string
+	record := func(name string) Executor {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			calls = append(calls, name)
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, record("if-true").If(func(context.Context) bool { return true })(ctx))
+	require.NoError(t, record("if-false").If(func(context.Context) bool { return false })(ctx))
+	require.NoError(t, record("if-not").IfNot(func(context.Context) bool { return false })(ctx))
+	require.NoError(t, record("if-bool").IfBool(true)(ctx))
+	require.NoError(t, record("main").Finally(record("finally"))(ctx))
+
+	want := []string{"if-true", "if-not", "if-bool", "main", "finally"}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(calls, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("calls = %v, want %v", calls, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExecutorFinallyReturnsFinallyErrorWithOriginal(t *testing.T) {
+	mainErr := errors.New("main failed")
+	finalErr := errors.New("cleanup failed")
+
+	err := NewErrorExecutor(mainErr).Finally(NewErrorExecutor(finalErr))(context.Background())
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "cleanup failed") || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "main failed") {
+		t.Fatalf("finally error = %q, want both cleanup and original error", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConditionalNot(t *testing.T) {
+	cond := Conditional(func(context.Context) bool { return false })
+	if !cond.Not()(context.Background()) {
+		t.Fatal("inverted conditional should be true")
+	}
+}

internal/act/common/git/git.go

@@ -0,0 +1,542 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/pkg/lock"
+
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/config"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/storer"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/transport/http"
+	"github.com/mattn/go-isatty"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+var (
+	codeCommitHTTPRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^https?://git-codecommit\.(.+)\.amazonaws.com/v1/repos/(.+)$`)
+	codeCommitSSHRegex  = regexp.MustCompile(`ssh://git-codecommit\.(.+)\.amazonaws.com/v1/repos/(.+)$`)
+	githubHTTPRegex     = regexp.MustCompile(`^https?://.*github.com.*/(.+)/(.+?)(?:.git)?$`)
+	githubSSHRegex      = regexp.MustCompile(`github.com[:/](.+)/(.+?)(?:.git)?$`)
+
+	cloneLocks lock.Keyed[string] // key: clone target directory
+
+	ErrShortRef = errors.New("short SHA references are not supported")
+	ErrNoRepo   = errors.New("unable to find git repo")
+)
+
+// AcquireCloneLock returns an unlock function after locking the per-directory mutex for dir.
+// Only concurrent operations targeting the same directory are serialized; clones into different directories run in parallel.
+// Callers reading files inside dir (e.g. tarring a checked-out action into a job container) must hold this lock too,
+// otherwise a concurrent NewGitCloneExecutor on the same dir can mutate the worktree mid-read.
+func AcquireCloneLock(dir string) func() {
+	return cloneLocks.Lock(dir)
+}
+
+type Error struct {
+	err    error
+	commit string
+}
+
+func (e *Error) Error() string {
+	return e.err.Error()
+}
+
+func (e *Error) Unwrap() error {
+	return e.err
+}
+
+func (e *Error) Commit() string {
+	return e.commit
+}
+
+// goGitMu serializes go-git repository access across the process. go-git is not safe for
+// concurrent use of the same repository (even read access decodes packfiles into shared
+// state), so parallel jobs inspecting the shared workdir repo race without this. The guarded
+// operations are fast local reads; gitea runs one job per process, so the lock is effectively
+// uncontended in production.
+var goGitMu sync.Mutex
+
+// FindGitRevision get the current git revision
+func FindGitRevision(ctx context.Context, file string) (shortSha, sha string, err error) {
+	goGitMu.Lock()
+	defer goGitMu.Unlock()
+	return findGitRevision(ctx, file)
+}
+
+func findGitRevision(ctx context.Context, file string) (shortSha, sha string, err error) {
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+
+	gitDir, err := git.PlainOpenWithOptions(
+		file,
+		&git.PlainOpenOptions{
+			DetectDotGit:          true,
+			EnableDotGitCommonDir: true,
+		},
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.WithError(err).Error("path", file, "not located inside a git repository")
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+
+	head, err := gitDir.Reference(plumbing.HEAD, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+
+	if head.Hash().IsZero() {
+		return "", "", errors.New("HEAD sha1 could not be resolved")
+	}
+
+	hash := head.Hash().String()
+
+	logger.Debugf("Found revision: %s", hash)
+	return hash[:7], strings.TrimSpace(hash), nil
+}
+
+// FindGitRef get the current git ref
+func FindGitRef(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
+	goGitMu.Lock()
+	defer goGitMu.Unlock()
+
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+
+	logger.Debugf("Loading revision from git directory")
+	_, ref, err := findGitRevision(ctx, file)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	logger.Debugf("HEAD points to '%s'", ref)
+
+	// Prefer the git library to iterate over the references and find a matching tag or branch.
+	refTag := ""
+	refBranch := ""
+	repo, err := git.PlainOpenWithOptions(
+		file,
+		&git.PlainOpenOptions{
+			DetectDotGit:          true,
+			EnableDotGitCommonDir: true,
+		},
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	iter, err := repo.References()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	// find the reference that matches the revision's has
+	err = iter.ForEach(func(r *plumbing.Reference) error {
+		/* tags and branches will have the same hash
+		 * when a user checks out a tag, it is not mentioned explicitly
+		 * in the go-git package, we must identify the revision
+		 * then check if any tag matches that revision,
+		 * if so then we checked out a tag
+		 * else we look for branches and if matches,
+		 * it means we checked out a branch
+		 *
+		 * If a branches matches first we must continue and check all tags (all references)
+		 * in case we match with a tag later in the interation
+		 */
+		if r.Hash().String() == ref {
+			if r.Name().IsTag() {
+				refTag = r.Name().String()
+			}
+			if r.Name().IsBranch() {
+				refBranch = r.Name().String()
+			}
+		}
+
+		// we found what we where looking for
+		if refTag != "" && refBranch != "" {
+			return storer.ErrStop
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	// order matters here see above comment.
+	if refTag != "" {
+		return refTag, nil
+	}
+	if refBranch != "" {
+		return refBranch, nil
+	}
+
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to identify reference (tag/branch) for the checked-out revision '%s'", ref)
+}
+
+// FindGithubRepo get the repo
+func FindGithubRepo(ctx context.Context, file, githubInstance, remoteName string) (string, error) {
+	goGitMu.Lock()
+	defer goGitMu.Unlock()
+	if remoteName == "" {
+		remoteName = "origin"
+	}
+
+	url, err := findGitRemoteURL(ctx, file, remoteName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	_, slug, err := findGitSlug(url, githubInstance)
+	return slug, err
+}
+
+func findGitRemoteURL(_ context.Context, file, remoteName string) (string, error) {
+	repo, err := git.PlainOpenWithOptions(
+		file,
+		&git.PlainOpenOptions{
+			DetectDotGit:          true,
+			EnableDotGitCommonDir: true,
+		},
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	remote, err := repo.Remote(remoteName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	if len(remote.Config().URLs) < 1 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("remote '%s' exists but has no URL", remoteName)
+	}
+
+	return remote.Config().URLs[0], nil
+}
+
+func findGitSlug(url, githubInstance string) (string, string, error) { //nolint:unparam // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	if matches := codeCommitHTTPRegex.FindStringSubmatch(url); matches != nil {
+		return "CodeCommit", matches[2], nil
+	} else if matches := codeCommitSSHRegex.FindStringSubmatch(url); matches != nil {
+		return "CodeCommit", matches[2], nil
+	} else if matches := githubHTTPRegex.FindStringSubmatch(url); matches != nil {
+		return "GitHub", fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", matches[1], matches[2]), nil
+	} else if matches := githubSSHRegex.FindStringSubmatch(url); matches != nil {
+		return "GitHub", fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", matches[1], matches[2]), nil
+	} else if githubInstance != "github.com" {
+		gheHTTPRegex := regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf(`^https?://%s/(.+)/(.+?)(?:.git)?$`, githubInstance))
+		gheSSHRegex := regexp.MustCompile(githubInstance + "[:/](.+)/(.+?)(?:.git)?$")
+		if matches := gheHTTPRegex.FindStringSubmatch(url); matches != nil {
+			return "GitHubEnterprise", fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", matches[1], matches[2]), nil
+		} else if matches := gheSSHRegex.FindStringSubmatch(url); matches != nil {
+			return "GitHubEnterprise", fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", matches[1], matches[2]), nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", url, nil
+}
+
+// NewGitCloneExecutorInput the input for the NewGitCloneExecutor
+type NewGitCloneExecutorInput struct {
+	URL         string
+	Ref         string
+	Dir         string
+	Token       string
+	OfflineMode bool
+
+	// Depth limits the clone/fetch to the given number of commits from the tip of the requested ref.
+	// 0 for full clone.
+	Depth int
+
+	// Quiet drops the informational clone line to debug level, for callers that log their own
+	// download summary (the setup section's action report).
+	Quiet bool
+
+	// For Gitea
+	InsecureSkipTLS bool
+}
+
+// CloneIfRequired returns the repository and a boolean indicating whether an existing local clone was reused.
+func CloneIfRequired(ctx context.Context, refName plumbing.ReferenceName, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput, logger log.FieldLogger) (*git.Repository, bool, error) {
+	r, err := git.PlainOpen(input.Dir)
+	if err == nil {
+		// Verify the cached clone still points to the resolved URL before reusing it.
+		remote, err := r.Remote("origin")
+		if err == nil && len(remote.Config().URLs) > 0 && remote.Config().URLs[0] == input.URL {
+			// Reuse existing clone
+			return r, true, nil
+		}
+
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Debugf("Removing cached clone at %s because origin cannot be read: %v", input.Dir, err)
+		} else if len(remote.Config().URLs) == 0 {
+			logger.Debugf("Removing cached clone at %s because origin has no URL", input.Dir)
+		} else {
+			logger.Debugf("Removing cached clone at %s because origin URL changed from %s to %s", input.Dir, remote.Config().URLs[0], input.URL)
+		}
+		if err := os.RemoveAll(input.Dir); err != nil {
+			return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("remove cached clone %s: %w", input.Dir, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	var progressWriter io.Writer
+	if isatty.IsTerminal(os.Stdout.Fd()) || isatty.IsCygwinTerminal(os.Stdout.Fd()) {
+		if entry, ok := logger.(*log.Entry); ok {
+			progressWriter = entry.WriterLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+		} else if lgr, ok := logger.(*log.Logger); ok {
+			progressWriter = lgr.WriterLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+		} else {
+			log.Errorf("Unable to get writer from logger (type=%T)", logger)
+			progressWriter = os.Stdout
+		}
+	}
+
+	cloneOptions := git.CloneOptions{
+		URL:      input.URL,
+		Progress: progressWriter,
+
+		InsecureSkipTLS: input.InsecureSkipTLS, // For Gitea
+	}
+	if input.Token != "" {
+		cloneOptions.Auth = &http.BasicAuth{
+			Username: "token",
+			Password: input.Token,
+		}
+	}
+
+	r, err = cloneAtDepth(ctx, input, cloneOptions, logger)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Errorf("Unable to clone %v %s: %v", input.URL, refName, err)
+		return nil, false, err
+	}
+
+	if err = os.Chmod(input.Dir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return nil, false, err
+	}
+
+	return r, false, nil
+}
+
+func gitOptions(token string) (fetchOptions git.FetchOptions, pullOptions git.PullOptions) {
+	fetchOptions.RefSpecs = []config.RefSpec{"refs/*:refs/*", "HEAD:refs/heads/HEAD"}
+	fetchOptions.Force = true
+	pullOptions.Force = true
+
+	if token != "" {
+		auth := &http.BasicAuth{
+			Username: "token",
+			Password: token,
+		}
+		fetchOptions.Auth = auth
+		pullOptions.Auth = auth
+	}
+
+	return fetchOptions, pullOptions
+}
+
+// NewGitCloneExecutor creates an executor to clone git repos
+func NewGitCloneExecutor(input NewGitCloneExecutorInput) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+		if input.Quiet {
+			logger.Debugf("git clone '%s' # ref=%s", input.URL, input.Ref)
+		} else {
+			logger.Infof("git clone '%s' # ref=%s", input.URL, input.Ref)
+		}
+		logger.Debugf("  cloning %s to %s", input.URL, input.Dir)
+
+		defer AcquireCloneLock(input.Dir)()
+
+		refName := plumbing.ReferenceName("refs/heads/" + input.Ref)
+		r, reused, err := CloneIfRequired(ctx, refName, input, logger)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		isOfflineMode := input.OfflineMode
+
+		// fetch latest changes
+		fetchOptions, pullOptions := gitOptions(input.Token)
+
+		if input.InsecureSkipTLS { // For Gitea
+			fetchOptions.InsecureSkipTLS = true
+			pullOptions.InsecureSkipTLS = true
+		}
+
+		// Action clones only ever need the tip commit, so keep a shallow cache cheap on update at depth 1 regardless of its original depth
+		// Turning action_shallow_clone off does not convert an existing shallow cache; evict it for a full clone.
+		shallow := isShallow(r)
+		if shallow {
+			fetchOptions.Depth = 1
+			if spec, ok := shallowFetchRefSpec(r, input.Ref); ok {
+				fetchOptions.RefSpecs = []config.RefSpec{spec}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !isOfflineMode {
+			err = r.Fetch(&fetchOptions)
+			if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, git.NoErrAlreadyUpToDate) {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		var hash *plumbing.Hash
+		rev := plumbing.Revision(input.Ref)
+		if hash, err = r.ResolveRevision(rev); err != nil {
+			// ResolveRevision returns a nil hash on error, and a branch ref legitimately fails
+			// here (no local refs/heads/<ref>); the duck-typing below resolves it.
+			logger.Errorf("Unable to resolve %s: %v", input.Ref, err)
+		} else if hash.String() != input.Ref && strings.HasPrefix(hash.String(), input.Ref) {
+			return &Error{
+				err:    ErrShortRef,
+				commit: hash.String(),
+			}
+		}
+
+		// At this point we need to know if it's a tag or a branch
+		// And the easiest way to do it is duck typing
+		//
+		// If err is nil, it's a tag so let's proceed with that hash like we would if
+		// it was a sha
+		refType := "tag"
+		rev = plumbing.Revision(path.Join("refs", "tags", input.Ref))
+		if _, err := r.Tag(input.Ref); errors.Is(err, git.ErrTagNotFound) {
+			rName := plumbing.ReferenceName(path.Join("refs", "remotes", "origin", input.Ref))
+			if _, err := r.Reference(rName, false); errors.Is(err, plumbing.ErrReferenceNotFound) {
+				refType = "sha"
+				rev = plumbing.Revision(input.Ref)
+			} else {
+				refType = "branch"
+				rev = plumbing.Revision(rName)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if hash, err = r.ResolveRevision(rev); err != nil {
+			logger.Errorf("Unable to resolve %s: %v", input.Ref, err)
+			return err
+		}
+
+		var w *git.Worktree
+		if w, err = r.Worktree(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// If the hash resolved doesn't match the ref provided in a workflow then we're
+		// using a branch or tag ref, not a sha
+		//
+		// Repos on disk point to commit hashes, and need to checkout input.Ref before
+		// we try and pull down any changes
+		if hash.String() != input.Ref && refType == "branch" {
+			logger.Debugf("Provided ref is not a sha. Checking out branch before pulling changes")
+			sourceRef := plumbing.ReferenceName(path.Join("refs", "remotes", "origin", input.Ref))
+			if err = w.Checkout(&git.CheckoutOptions{
+				Branch: sourceRef,
+				Force:  true,
+			}); err != nil {
+				logger.Errorf("Unable to checkout %s: %v", sourceRef, err)
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		reusedMsg := ""
+
+		switch {
+		case !isOfflineMode && !shallow:
+			// In shallow mode the depth-limited fetch above already advanced the ref.
+			if err = w.Pull(&pullOptions); err != nil && err != git.NoErrAlreadyUpToDate {
+				logger.Debugf("Unable to pull %s: %v", refName, err)
+			}
+		case isOfflineMode && reused:
+			reusedMsg = " (reused in offline mode)"
+		}
+
+		logger.Debugf("Cloned %s to %s%s", input.URL, input.Dir, reusedMsg)
+
+		if hash.String() != input.Ref && refType == "branch" {
+			logger.Debugf("Provided ref is not a sha. Updating branch ref after pull")
+			if hash, err = r.ResolveRevision(rev); err != nil {
+				logger.Errorf("Unable to resolve %s: %v", input.Ref, err)
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		if err = w.Checkout(&git.CheckoutOptions{
+			Hash:  *hash,
+			Force: true,
+		}); err != nil {
+			logger.Errorf("Unable to checkout %s: %v", *hash, err)
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err = w.Reset(&git.ResetOptions{
+			Mode:   git.HardReset,
+			Commit: *hash,
+		}); err != nil {
+			logger.Errorf("Unable to reset to %s: %v", hash.String(), err)
+			return err
+		}
+
+		logger.Debugf("Checked out %s", input.Ref)
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// cloneAtDepth clones input.URL into input.Dir using opts.
+// With input.Depth > 0 it first tries a shallow, single-branch clone of input.Ref, falling back when error.
+func cloneAtDepth(ctx context.Context, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput, opts git.CloneOptions, logger log.FieldLogger) (*git.Repository, error) {
+	if input.Depth > 0 {
+		for _, refName := range []plumbing.ReferenceName{
+			plumbing.NewBranchReferenceName(input.Ref),
+			plumbing.NewTagReferenceName(input.Ref),
+		} {
+			shallowOpts := opts
+			shallowOpts.Depth = input.Depth
+			shallowOpts.SingleBranch = true
+			shallowOpts.ReferenceName = refName
+			shallowOpts.Tags = git.NoTags
+
+			r, err := git.PlainCloneContext(ctx, input.Dir, false, &shallowOpts)
+			if err == nil {
+				return r, nil
+			}
+			logger.Debugf("Shallow clone of %s as %s failed: %v", input.URL, refName, err)
+			if rmErr := os.RemoveAll(input.Dir); rmErr != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("remove partial clone %s: %w", input.Dir, rmErr)
+			}
+		}
+		logger.Debugf("Falling back to a full clone of %s for ref %q", input.URL, input.Ref)
+	}
+
+	return git.PlainCloneContext(ctx, input.Dir, false, &opts)
+}
+
+// isShallow reports whether the local repository was cloned with a limited depth.
+func isShallow(r *git.Repository) bool {
+	shallows, err := r.Storer.Shallow()
+	return err == nil && len(shallows) > 0
+}
+
+// shallowFetchRefSpec returns the single refspec that updates only input.Ref, keeping a shallow clone from re-downloading every branch's history.
+// ok is false when the ref is not present locally as a tag or remote-tracking branch, in which case the broad default refspec is used.
+func shallowFetchRefSpec(r *git.Repository, ref string) (config.RefSpec, bool) {
+	tagRef := plumbing.NewTagReferenceName(ref)
+	if _, err := r.Reference(tagRef, false); err == nil {
+		return config.RefSpec(fmt.Sprintf("+%s:%s", tagRef, tagRef)), true
+	}
+	remoteRef := plumbing.NewRemoteReferenceName("origin", ref)
+	if _, err := r.Reference(remoteRef, false); err == nil {
+		branchRef := plumbing.NewBranchReferenceName(ref)
+		return config.RefSpec(fmt.Sprintf("+%s:%s", branchRef, remoteRef)), true
+	}
+	return "", false
+}

internal/act/common/git/git_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,612 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	logrustest "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestFindGitSlug(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+
+	slugTests := []struct {
+		url      string // input
+		provider string // expected result
+		slug     string // expected result
+	}{
+		{"https://git-codecommit.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/v1/repos/my-repo-name", "CodeCommit", "my-repo-name"},
+		{"ssh://git-codecommit.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/v1/repos/my-repo", "CodeCommit", "my-repo"},
+		{"[email protected]:nektos/act.git", "GitHub", "nektos/act"},
+		{"[email protected]:nektos/act", "GitHub", "nektos/act"},
+		{"https://github.com/nektos/act.git", "GitHub", "nektos/act"},
+		{"http://github.com/nektos/act.git", "GitHub", "nektos/act"},
+		{"https://github.com/nektos/act", "GitHub", "nektos/act"},
+		{"http://github.com/nektos/act", "GitHub", "nektos/act"},
+		{"git+ssh://[email protected]/owner/repo.git", "GitHub", "owner/repo"},
+		{"http://myotherrepo.com/act.git", "", "http://myotherrepo.com/act.git"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range slugTests {
+		provider, slug, err := findGitSlug(tt.url, "github.com")
+
+		assert.NoError(err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+		assert.Equal(tt.provider, provider)
+		assert.Equal(tt.slug, slug)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestErrorWrapsCommitAndCause(t *testing.T) {
+	err := &Error{err: ErrShortRef, commit: "abc123"}
+	require.Equal(t, ErrShortRef.Error(), err.Error())
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrShortRef)
+	require.Equal(t, "abc123", err.Commit())
+}
+
+func cleanGitHooks(dir string) error {
+	hooksDir := filepath.Join(dir, ".git", "hooks")
+	files, err := os.ReadDir(hooksDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, f := range files {
+		if f.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		relName := filepath.Join(hooksDir, f.Name())
+		if err := os.Remove(relName); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestFindGitRemoteURL(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+
+	basedir := t.TempDir()
+	err := gitCmd("init", basedir)
+	assert.NoError(err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	err = cleanGitHooks(basedir)
+	assert.NoError(err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+
+	remoteURL := "https://git-codecommit.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/v1/repos/my-repo-name"
+	err = gitCmd("-C", basedir, "remote", "add", "origin", remoteURL)
+	assert.NoError(err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+
+	u, err := findGitRemoteURL(context.Background(), basedir, "origin")
+	assert.NoError(err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(remoteURL, u)
+
+	remoteURL = "[email protected]/AwesomeOwner/MyAwesomeRepo.git"
+	err = gitCmd("-C", basedir, "remote", "add", "upstream", remoteURL)
+	assert.NoError(err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	u, err = findGitRemoteURL(context.Background(), basedir, "upstream")
+	assert.NoError(err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(remoteURL, u)
+}
+
+func TestFindGithubRepoUsesOriginAndCustomRemote(t *testing.T) {
+	basedir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", basedir))
+	require.NoError(t, cleanGitHooks(basedir))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", basedir, "remote", "add", "origin", "https://github.com/owner/repo.git"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", basedir, "remote", "add", "ghe", "[email protected]:team/project.git"))
+
+	slug, err := FindGithubRepo(context.Background(), basedir, "github.com", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "owner/repo", slug)
+
+	slug, err = FindGithubRepo(context.Background(), basedir, "git.example.com", "ghe")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "team/project", slug)
+}
+
+func TestGitFindRef(t *testing.T) {
+	basedir := t.TempDir()
+
+	for name, tt := range map[string]struct {
+		Prepare func(t *testing.T, dir string)
+		Assert  func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error)
+	}{
+		"new_repo": {
+			Prepare: func(t *testing.T, dir string) {},
+			Assert: func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error) {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+			},
+		},
+		"new_repo_with_commit": {
+			Prepare: func(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg"))
+			},
+			Assert: func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error) {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, "refs/heads/master", ref)
+			},
+		},
+		"current_head_is_tag": {
+			Prepare: func(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "commit msg"))
+				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "tag", "v1.2.3"))
+				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "checkout", "v1.2.3"))
+			},
+			Assert: func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error) {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, "refs/tags/v1.2.3", ref)
+			},
+		},
+		"current_head_is_same_as_tag": {
+			Prepare: func(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "1.4.2 release"))
+				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "tag", "v1.4.2"))
+			},
+			Assert: func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error) {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, "refs/tags/v1.4.2", ref)
+			},
+		},
+		"current_head_is_not_tag": {
+			Prepare: func(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg"))
+				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "tag", "v1.4.2"))
+				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg2"))
+			},
+			Assert: func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error) {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, "refs/heads/master", ref)
+			},
+		},
+		"current_head_is_another_branch": {
+			Prepare: func(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "checkout", "-b", "mybranch"))
+				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg"))
+			},
+			Assert: func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error) {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, "refs/heads/mybranch", ref)
+			},
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			dir := filepath.Join(basedir, name)
+			require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755))
+			require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "init", "--initial-branch=master"))
+			require.NoError(t, cleanGitHooks(dir))
+			tt.Prepare(t, dir)
+			ref, err := FindGitRef(context.Background(), dir)
+			tt.Assert(t, ref, err)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGitCloneExecutor(t *testing.T) {
+	// Build a local bare "remote" so this runs offline and fast. The cases below mirror
+	// the tag/branch/sha/short-sha ref paths the executor handles, formerly exercised by
+	// cloning actions/checkout and anchore/scan-action over the network.
+	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
+
+	workDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "initial"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "tag", "v2"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "origin", "v2"))
+
+	// A branch with a dash in the name (mirrors the historical scan-action@act-fails case).
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "act-fails"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "branch-commit"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "origin", "act-fails"))
+
+	out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", workDir, "rev-parse", "main").Output()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	fullSha := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
+
+	for name, tt := range map[string]struct {
+		Err error
+		Ref string
+	}{
+		"tag": {
+			Err: nil,
+			Ref: "v2",
+		},
+		"branch": {
+			Err: nil,
+			Ref: "act-fails",
+		},
+		"sha": {
+			Err: nil,
+			Ref: fullSha,
+		},
+		"short-sha": {
+			Err: &Error{ErrShortRef, fullSha},
+			Ref: fullSha[:7],
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			clone := NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+				URL: remoteDir,
+				Ref: tt.Ref,
+				Dir: t.TempDir(),
+			})
+
+			err := clone(context.Background())
+			if tt.Err != nil {
+				assert.Error(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.Err, err)
+			} else {
+				assert.Empty(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGitCloneExecutorReclonesWhenOriginURLChanges(t *testing.T) {
+	createRemote := func(message string) string {
+		remoteDir := t.TempDir()
+		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
+
+		workDir := t.TempDir()
+		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
+		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
+		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", message))
+		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
+
+		return remoteDir
+	}
+
+	oldRemoteDir := createRemote("old-action")
+	newRemoteDir := createRemote("new-action")
+	cacheDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+		URL: oldRemoteDir,
+		Ref: "main",
+		Dir: cacheDir,
+	})(t.Context()))
+
+	markerPath := filepath.Join(cacheDir, "stale-marker")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(markerPath, []byte("stale"), 0o644))
+
+	require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+		URL: newRemoteDir,
+		Ref: "main",
+		Dir: cacheDir,
+	})(t.Context()))
+
+	originURL, err := findGitRemoteURL(t.Context(), cacheDir, "origin")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, newRemoteDir, originURL)
+
+	out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", cacheDir, "log", "--oneline", "-1", "--format=%s").Output()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "new-action", strings.TrimSpace(string(out)))
+
+	_, err = os.Stat(markerPath)
+	require.True(t, os.IsNotExist(err), "stale cached directory should be removed before recloning")
+}
+
+func TestGitCloneExecutorNonFastForwardRef(t *testing.T) {
+	// Simulate the scenario where a remote ref (e.g. a GitHub PR head ref) changes
+	// non-fast-forward between two fetches. Before the fix, the fetch used Force=false,
+	// causing go-git to return ErrForceNeeded and short-circuit the checkout.
+
+	// Create a bare "remote" repo with an initial commit on main and a feature branch.
+	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
+
+	// We need a working clone to push commits from.
+	workDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "initial"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
+
+	// Create a feature branch (simulates refs/pull/N/head).
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "feature"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "feature-1"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "origin", "feature"))
+
+	// First clone via the executor — should succeed and cache the repo.
+	cloneDir := t.TempDir()
+	clone := NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+		URL: remoteDir,
+		Ref: "main",
+		Dir: cloneDir,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, clone(context.Background()))
+
+	// Now force-push the feature branch to a non-fast-forward commit (simulates
+	// a PR rebase). This makes refs/heads/feature non-fast-forward.
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "main"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "branch", "-D", "feature"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "feature"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "feature-rewritten"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "--force", "origin", "feature"))
+
+	// Also advance main so we can verify the clone picks up the new commit.
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "main"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "second"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "origin", "main"))
+
+	// Second clone to the same directory — before the fix this returned ErrForceNeeded
+	// and left the working tree at the old commit.
+	err := clone(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "fetch with non-fast-forward refs must not fail when Force=true")
+
+	// Verify the working tree was actually updated to the latest main commit.
+	out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", cloneDir, "log", "--oneline", "-1", "--format=%s").Output()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "second", strings.TrimSpace(string(out)), "working tree should be at the latest commit")
+}
+
+func TestGitCloneExecutorOfflineMode(t *testing.T) {
+	// Build a local "remote" with a single commit on main.
+	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
+	workDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "initial"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
+
+	// Prime the cache with an online clone of main.
+	cacheDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+		URL: remoteDir,
+		Ref: "main",
+		Dir: cacheDir,
+	})(context.Background()))
+
+	t.Run("cached branch resolves without fetching", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Offline reuse of a cached branch must succeed even though ResolveRevision(input.Ref)
+		// finds no local refs/heads/<ref>.
+		err := NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+			URL:         remoteDir,
+			Ref:         "main",
+			Dir:         cacheDir,
+			OfflineMode: true,
+		})(context.Background())
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", cacheDir, "log", "--oneline", "-1", "--format=%s").Output()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "initial", strings.TrimSpace(string(out)))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unresolvable cached ref returns error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// The ref was never cached; offline mode cannot resolve it and must return an error.
+		err := NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+			URL:         remoteDir,
+			Ref:         "never-fetched",
+			Dir:         cacheDir,
+			OfflineMode: true,
+		})(context.Background())
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGitCloneExecutorQuietDemotesCloneLine(t *testing.T) {
+	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
+	workDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "initial"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
+
+	// Quiet callers report the download themselves, so the clone line must not reach the job log.
+	for name, quiet := range map[string]bool{"quiet": true, "not quiet": false} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			logger, hook := logrustest.NewNullLogger()
+			logger.SetLevel(log.InfoLevel)
+			ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger.WithField("job", "j1"))
+
+			require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+				URL:   remoteDir,
+				Ref:   "main",
+				Dir:   t.TempDir(),
+				Quiet: quiet,
+			})(ctx))
+
+			var cloneLines int
+			for _, entry := range hook.AllEntries() {
+				if strings.HasPrefix(entry.Message, "git clone ") {
+					cloneLines++
+				}
+			}
+			if quiet {
+				assert.Zero(t, cloneLines)
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, 1, cloneLines)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGitCloneExecutorShallow(t *testing.T) {
+	// Build a local "remote" with several commits on main plus a tag, so a full clone would pull noticeably more history than a shallow one.
+	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
+	workDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
+	for _, m := range []string{"c1", "c2", "c3"} {
+		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", m))
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "tag", "v1"))
+	sha := gitRevParse(t, workDir, "HEAD~1") // c2, a SHA that go-git cannot shallow-clone
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "origin", "v1"))
+
+	shallowMarker := func(dir string) string { return filepath.Join(dir, ".git", "shallow") }
+
+	t.Run("branch is cloned shallowly", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+			URL: remoteDir, Ref: "main", Dir: dir, Depth: 1,
+		})(t.Context()))
+		assert.FileExists(t, shallowMarker(dir), "clone should be shallow")
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, gitRevCount(t, dir), "only the tip commit should be present")
+		assert.Equal(t, "c3", gitHeadSubject(t, dir))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("tag is cloned shallowly", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+			URL: remoteDir, Ref: "v1", Dir: dir, Depth: 1,
+		})(t.Context()))
+		assert.FileExists(t, shallowMarker(dir), "clone should be shallow")
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, gitRevCount(t, dir))
+		assert.Equal(t, "c3", gitHeadSubject(t, dir))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("SHA falls back to a full clone", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+			URL: remoteDir, Ref: sha, Dir: dir, Depth: 1,
+		})(t.Context()))
+		// go-git cannot shallow-clone a raw SHA, so it falls back to a full clone; the absence of a shallow marker proves the fallback happened.
+		assert.NoFileExists(t, shallowMarker(dir), "a SHA ref must not produce a shallow clone")
+		assert.Equal(t, sha, gitRevParse(t, dir, "HEAD"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("moving branch updates while staying shallow", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+			URL: remoteDir, Ref: "main", Dir: dir, Depth: 1,
+		})(t.Context()))
+		require.Equal(t, "c3", gitHeadSubject(t, dir))
+
+		// Advance main on the remote, then reuse the existing shallow clone.
+		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "c4"))
+		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "origin", "main"))
+
+		require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+			URL: remoteDir, Ref: "main", Dir: dir, Depth: 1,
+		})(t.Context()))
+		assert.Equal(t, "c4", gitHeadSubject(t, dir), "reused shallow clone should update to the new tip")
+		assert.FileExists(t, shallowMarker(dir), "repo should remain shallow after update")
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, gitRevCount(t, dir))
+	})
+}
+
+func gitRevParse(t *testing.T, dir, rev string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", dir, "rev-parse", rev).Output()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
+}
+
+func gitRevCount(t *testing.T, dir string) int {
+	t.Helper()
+	out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", dir, "rev-list", "--count", "HEAD").Output()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	n, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(string(out)))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return n
+}
+
+func gitHeadSubject(t *testing.T, dir string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", dir, "log", "-1", "--format=%s").Output()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
+}
+
+func gitCmd(args ...string) error {
+	cmd := exec.Command("git", args...)
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	// Inject a deterministic identity and ignore the host's global/system config so commits
+	// succeed regardless of the host having no user.name/user.email (e.g. CI, GITHUB_ACTIONS
+	// unset) or a global commit.gpgsign, and without mutating the developer's ~/.gitconfig.
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(),
+		"GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Unit Test",
+		"[email protected]",
+		"GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=Unit Test",
+		"[email protected]",
+		"GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL=/dev/null",
+		"GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM=/dev/null",
+	)
+
+	err := cmd.Run()
+	if exitError, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+		if waitStatus, ok := exitError.Sys().(syscall.WaitStatus); ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Exit error %d", waitStatus.ExitStatus())
+		}
+		return exitError
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestAcquireCloneLock(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("same directory serializes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+
+		unlock1 := AcquireCloneLock(dir)
+
+		secondAcquired := make(chan struct{})
+		go func() {
+			unlock := AcquireCloneLock(dir)
+			close(secondAcquired)
+			unlock()
+		}()
+
+		select {
+		case <-secondAcquired:
+			t.Fatal("second acquire should block while first holds the lock")
+		case <-time.After(50 * time.Millisecond):
+		}
+
+		unlock1()
+
+		select {
+		case <-secondAcquired:
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			t.Fatal("second acquire should proceed after first releases the lock")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("different directories do not block", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dirA := t.TempDir()
+		dirB := t.TempDir()
+
+		unlockA := AcquireCloneLock(dirA)
+		defer unlockA()
+
+		done := make(chan struct{})
+		go func() {
+			unlock := AcquireCloneLock(dirB)
+			unlock()
+			close(done)
+		}()
+
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			t.Fatal("acquire on a different directory must not block")
+		}
+	})
+}

internal/act/common/job_error.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2021 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package common
+
+import (
+	"context"
+)
+
+type jobErrorContextKey string
+
+const jobErrorContextKeyVal = jobErrorContextKey("job.error")
+
+// JobError returns the job error for current context if any
+func JobError(ctx context.Context) error {
+	val := ctx.Value(jobErrorContextKeyVal)
+	if val != nil {
+		if container, ok := val.(map[string]error); ok {
+			return container["error"]
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func SetJobError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
+	if container, ok := ctx.Value(jobErrorContextKeyVal).(map[string]error); ok {
+		container["error"] = err
+	}
+}
+
+// WithJobErrorContainer adds a value to the context as a container for an error
+func WithJobErrorContainer(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
+	container := map[string]error{}
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, jobErrorContextKeyVal, container)
+}

internal/act/common/line_writer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package common
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"io"
+)
+
+// LineHandler is a callback function for handling a line
+type LineHandler func(line string) bool
+
+// Flusher is implemented by writers that buffer a trailing, not-yet-terminated
+// line. Callers should flush once the underlying stream has reached EOF so the
+// final line (when it is not newline-terminated) is not lost.
+type Flusher interface {
+	Flush()
+}
+
+type lineWriter struct {
+	buffer   bytes.Buffer
+	handlers []LineHandler
+}
+
+// NewLineWriter creates a new instance of a line writer
+func NewLineWriter(handlers ...LineHandler) io.Writer {
+	w := new(lineWriter)
+	w.handlers = handlers
+	return w
+}
+
+// FlushWriter flushes w if it implements Flusher. It is a no-op otherwise, so
+// callers can flush an io.Writer without knowing its concrete type.
+func FlushWriter(w io.Writer) {
+	if f, ok := w.(Flusher); ok {
+		f.Flush()
+	}
+}
+
+func (lw *lineWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	pBuf := bytes.NewBuffer(p)
+	written := 0
+	for {
+		line, err := pBuf.ReadString('\n')
+		w, _ := lw.buffer.WriteString(line)
+		written += w
+		if err == nil {
+			lw.handleLine(lw.buffer.String())
+			lw.buffer.Reset()
+		} else if err == io.EOF {
+			break
+		} else {
+			return written, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return written, nil
+}
+
+// Flush emits any buffered, not-yet-newline-terminated content as a final line.
+// It is safe to call multiple times; subsequent calls with an empty buffer are
+// no-ops.
+func (lw *lineWriter) Flush() {
+	if lw.buffer.Len() == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	lw.handleLine(lw.buffer.String())
+	lw.buffer.Reset()
+}
+
+func (lw *lineWriter) handleLine(line string) {
+	for _, h := range lw.handlers {
+		ok := h(line)
+		if !ok {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/act/common/line_writer_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package common
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestLineWriter(t *testing.T) {
+	lines := make([]string, 0)
+	lineHandler := func(s string) bool {
+		lines = append(lines, s)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	lineWriter := NewLineWriter(lineHandler)
+
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+	write := func(s string) {
+		n, err := lineWriter.Write([]byte(s))
+		assert.NoError(err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+		assert.Equal(len(s), n, s)
+	}
+
+	write("hello")
+	write(" ")
+	write("world!!\nextra")
+	write(" line\n and another\nlast")
+	write(" line\n")
+	write("no newline here...")
+
+	assert.Len(lines, 4)
+	assert.Equal("hello world!!\n", lines[0])
+	assert.Equal("extra line\n", lines[1])
+	assert.Equal(" and another\n", lines[2])
+	assert.Equal("last line\n", lines[3])
+}
+
+func TestLineWriterFlush(t *testing.T) {
+	lines := make([]string, 0)
+	lineHandler := func(s string) bool {
+		lines = append(lines, s)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	lineWriter := NewLineWriter(lineHandler)
+
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+	_, err := lineWriter.Write([]byte("complete line\npartial line without newline"))
+	assert.NoError(err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing pattern from nektos/act
+
+	// Only the newline-terminated line is emitted before flushing.
+	assert.Equal([]string{"complete line\n"}, lines)
+
+	// Flushing emits the buffered, not-yet-terminated trailing line.
+	FlushWriter(lineWriter)
+	assert.Equal([]string{"complete line\n", "partial line without newline"}, lines)
+
+	// Flushing again is a no-op: nothing is buffered.
+	FlushWriter(lineWriter)
+	assert.Len(lines, 2)
+}
+
+func TestFlushWriterIgnoresNonFlusher(t *testing.T) {
+	// FlushWriter must be a safe no-op for writers that do not buffer lines.
+	assert.NotPanics(t, func() { FlushWriter(io.Discard) })
+}

internal/act/common/logger.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package common
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+type loggerContextKey string
+
+const loggerContextKeyVal = loggerContextKey("logrus.FieldLogger")
+
+// Logger returns the appropriate logger for current context
+func Logger(ctx context.Context) logrus.FieldLogger {
+	val := ctx.Value(loggerContextKeyVal)
+	if val != nil {
+		if logger, ok := val.(logrus.FieldLogger); ok {
+			return logger
+		}
+	}
+	return logrus.StandardLogger()
+}
+
+// WithLogger adds a value to the context for the logger
+func WithLogger(ctx context.Context, logger logrus.FieldLogger) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, loggerContextKeyVal, logger)
+}
+
+type loggerHookKey string
+
+const loggerHookKeyVal = loggerHookKey("logrus.Hook")
+
+// LoggerHook returns the appropriate logger hook for current context
+// the hook affects job logger, not global logger
+func LoggerHook(ctx context.Context) logrus.Hook {
+	val := ctx.Value(loggerHookKeyVal)
+	if val != nil {
+		if hook, ok := val.(logrus.Hook); ok {
+			return hook
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// WithLoggerHook adds a value to the context for the logger hook
+func WithLoggerHook(ctx context.Context, hook logrus.Hook) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, loggerHookKeyVal, hook)
+}

internal/act/common/outbound_ip.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2021 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package common
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// GetOutboundIP returns an outbound IP address of this machine.
+// It tries to access the internet and returns the local IP address of the connection.
+// If the machine cannot access the internet, it returns a preferred IP address from network interfaces.
+// It returns nil if no IP address is found.
+func GetOutboundIP() net.IP {
+	// See https://stackoverflow.com/a/37382208
+	conn, err := net.Dial("udp", "8.8.8.8:80")
+	if err == nil {
+		defer conn.Close()
+		if addr, ok := conn.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr); ok {
+			return addr.IP
+		}
+	}
+
+	// So the machine cannot access the internet. Pick an IP address from network interfaces.
+	if ifs, err := net.Interfaces(); err == nil {
+		type IP struct {
+			net.IP
+			net.Interface
+		}
+		var ips []IP
+		for _, i := range ifs {
+			if addrs, err := i.Addrs(); err == nil {
+				for _, addr := range addrs {
+					var ip net.IP
+					switch v := addr.(type) {
+					case *net.IPNet:
+						ip = v.IP
+					case *net.IPAddr:
+						ip = v.IP
+					}
+					if ip.IsGlobalUnicast() {
+						ips = append(ips, IP{ip, i})
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if len(ips) > 1 {
+			sort.Slice(ips, func(i, j int) bool {
+				ifi := ips[i].Interface
+				ifj := ips[j].Interface
+
+				// ethernet is preferred
+				if vi, vj := strings.HasPrefix(ifi.Name, "e"), strings.HasPrefix(ifj.Name, "e"); vi != vj {
+					return vi
+				}
+
+				ipi := ips[i].IP
+				ipj := ips[j].IP
+
+				// IPv4 is preferred
+				if vi, vj := ipi.To4() != nil, ipj.To4() != nil; vi != vj {
+					return vi
+				}
+
+				// en0 is preferred to en1
+				if ifi.Name != ifj.Name {
+					return ifi.Name < ifj.Name
+				}
+
+				// fallback
+				return ipi.String() < ipj.String()
+			})
+			return ips[0].IP
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

internal/act/container/DOCKER_LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        https://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+          the Derivative Works; and
+
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   Copyright 2013-2017 Docker, Inc.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.

internal/act/container/container_types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2023 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	"github.com/docker/go-connections/nat"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/container"
+)
+
+// ExitCodeError reports a non-zero process exit code from a container command.
+type ExitCodeError int
+
+func (e ExitCodeError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("Process completed with exit code %d.", int(e))
+}
+
+// NewContainerInput the input for the New function
+type NewContainerInput struct {
+	Image          string
+	Username       string
+	Password       string
+	Entrypoint     []string
+	Cmd            []string
+	WorkingDir     string
+	Env            []string
+	Binds          []string
+	Mounts         map[string]string
+	Name           string
+	Stdout         io.Writer
+	Stderr         io.Writer
+	NetworkMode    string
+	Privileged     bool
+	UsernsMode     string
+	Platform       string
+	Options        string
+	NetworkAliases []string
+	ExposedPorts   nat.PortSet
+	PortBindings   nat.PortMap
+
+	// Gitea specific
+	AutoRemove   bool
+	ValidVolumes []string
+	AllocatePTY  bool // allocate a pseudo-TTY for the container's exec processes
+}
+
+// FileEntry is a file to copy to a container
+type FileEntry struct {
+	Name string
+	Mode int64
+	Body string
+}
+
+// Container and healthcheck states, as plain strings so a caller of Info needs no docker
+// SDK of its own.
+const (
+	StateRunning = string(container.StateRunning)
+
+	HealthNone      = string(container.NoHealthcheck)
+	HealthStarting  = string(container.Starting)
+	HealthHealthy   = string(container.Healthy)
+	HealthUnhealthy = string(container.Unhealthy)
+)
+
+// ErrContainerNotFound reports a container the daemon no longer knows. Its text is a
+// fragment, missingContainerError composes it into the message every operation shares.
+var ErrContainerNotFound = errors.New("does not exist")
+
+// Info is a snapshot of a container, as of one inspect.
+type Info struct {
+	ID       string
+	State    string // the docker container state: "created", "running", "exited", ...
+	ExitCode int
+	Health   string // one of the Health* constants
+	// HealthOutput is the last healthcheck probe's output.
+	HealthOutput string
+	Ports        map[string]string // container port ("5432") to the host port it is published on
+}
+
+// Container for managing docker run containers
+type Container interface {
+	Create(capAdd, capDrop []string) common.Executor
+	ConnectToNetwork(name string) common.Executor
+	Copy(destPath string, files ...*FileEntry) common.Executor
+	CopyTarStream(ctx context.Context, destPath string, tarStream io.Reader) error
+	CopyDir(destPath, srcPath string, useGitIgnore bool) common.Executor
+	GetContainerArchive(ctx context.Context, srcPath string) (io.ReadCloser, error)
+	Inspect(ctx context.Context) (*Info, error)
+	DumpLogs(ctx context.Context) error
+	Pull(forcePull bool) common.Executor
+	Start(attach bool) common.Executor
+	Exec(command []string, env map[string]string, user, workdir string) common.Executor
+	UpdateFromEnv(srcPath string, env *map[string]string) common.Executor
+	UpdateFromImageEnv(env *map[string]string) common.Executor
+	Remove() common.Executor
+	Close() common.Executor
+	ReplaceLogWriter(io.Writer, io.Writer) (io.Writer, io.Writer)
+}
+
+// NewDockerBuildExecutorInput the input for the NewDockerBuildExecutor function
+type NewDockerBuildExecutorInput struct {
+	ContextDir   string
+	Dockerfile   string
+	BuildContext io.Reader
+	ImageTag     string
+	Platform     string
+	BuildArgs    map[string]*string
+}
+
+// NewDockerNetworkCreateExecutorInput the input for the NewDockerNetworkCreateExecutor function
+type NewDockerNetworkCreateExecutorInput struct {
+	EnableIPv4 *bool
+	EnableIPv6 *bool
+	RunnerUUID string
+}
+
+// NewDockerPullExecutorInput the input for the NewDockerPullExecutor function
+type NewDockerPullExecutorInput struct {
+	Image     string
+	ForcePull bool
+	Platform  string
+	Username  string
+	Password  string
+}

internal/act/container/docker_auth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2021 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd))
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	"github.com/distribution/reference"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/config"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/registry"
+)
+
+func LoadDockerAuthConfig(ctx context.Context, image string) (registry.AuthConfig, error) {
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+	// config.LoadDefaultConfigFile panics on nil io.Writer when the config
+	// file is malformed; use config.Load to route errors through the logger.
+	cfg, err := config.Load(config.Dir())
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Warnf("Could not load docker config: %v", err)
+		return registry.AuthConfig{}, err
+	}
+	registryKey := registryAuthConfigKey("docker.io")
+	if image != "" {
+		if registryRef, refErr := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(image); refErr != nil {
+			logger.Warnf("Could not normalize image reference: %v", refErr)
+		} else {
+			registryKey = registryAuthConfigKey(reference.Domain(registryRef))
+		}
+	}
+
+	authConfig, err := cfg.GetAuthConfig(registryKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Warnf("Could not get auth config from docker config: %v", err)
+		return registry.AuthConfig{}, err
+	}
+
+	return registry.AuthConfig(authConfig), nil
+}
+
+func LoadDockerAuthConfigs(ctx context.Context) map[string]registry.AuthConfig {
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+	cfg, err := config.Load(config.Dir())
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Warnf("Could not load docker config: %v", err)
+		return nil
+	}
+	creds, err := cfg.GetAllCredentials()
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Warnf("Could not get docker auth configs: %v", err)
+		return nil
+	}
+	authConfigs := make(map[string]registry.AuthConfig, len(creds))
+	for k, v := range creds {
+		authConfigs[k] = registry.AuthConfig(v)
+	}
+
+	return authConfigs
+}
+
+func registryAuthConfigKey(domainName string) string {
+	if domainName == "docker.io" || domainName == "index.docker.io" {
+		return "https://index.docker.io/v1/"
+	}
+	return domainName
+}

internal/act/container/docker_build.go

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd))
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	"github.com/moby/go-archive"
+	"github.com/moby/go-archive/compression"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/client"
+	"github.com/moby/patternmatcher"
+	"github.com/moby/patternmatcher/ignorefile"
+	specs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
+)
+
+// NewDockerBuildExecutor function to create a run executor for the container
+func NewDockerBuildExecutor(input NewDockerBuildExecutorInput) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+		if input.Platform != "" {
+			logger.Infof("docker build -t %s --platform %s %s", input.ImageTag, input.Platform, input.ContextDir)
+		} else {
+			logger.Infof("docker build -t %s %s", input.ImageTag, input.ContextDir)
+		}
+		if common.Dryrun(ctx) {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		cli, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer cli.Close()
+
+		logger.Debugf("Building image from '%v'", input.ContextDir)
+
+		tags := []string{input.ImageTag}
+		options := client.ImageBuildOptions{
+			Tags:        tags,
+			Remove:      true,
+			AuthConfigs: LoadDockerAuthConfigs(ctx),
+			Dockerfile:  input.Dockerfile,
+			BuildArgs:   input.BuildArgs,
+		}
+		platform, err := parsePlatform(input.Platform)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if platform != nil {
+			options.Platforms = []specs.Platform{*platform}
+		}
+		var buildContext io.ReadCloser
+		if input.BuildContext != nil {
+			buildContext = io.NopCloser(input.BuildContext)
+		} else {
+			buildContext, err = createBuildContext(ctx, input.ContextDir, input.Dockerfile)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		defer buildContext.Close()
+
+		logger.Debugf("Creating image from context dir '%s' with tag '%s' and platform '%s'", input.ContextDir, input.ImageTag, input.Platform)
+		resp, err := cli.ImageBuild(ctx, buildContext, options)
+
+		err = logDockerResponse(logger, resp.Body, err != nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func createBuildContext(ctx context.Context, contextDir, relDockerfile string) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	common.Logger(ctx).Debugf("Creating archive for build context dir '%s' with relative dockerfile '%s'", contextDir, relDockerfile)
+
+	// And canonicalize dockerfile name to a platform-independent one
+	relDockerfile = filepath.ToSlash(relDockerfile)
+
+	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(contextDir, ".dockerignore"))
+	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	var excludes []string
+	if err == nil {
+		excludes, err = ignorefile.ReadAll(f)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// If .dockerignore mentions .dockerignore or the Dockerfile
+	// then make sure we send both files over to the daemon
+	// because Dockerfile is, obviously, needed no matter what, and
+	// .dockerignore is needed to know if either one needs to be
+	// removed. The daemon will remove them for us, if needed, after it
+	// parses the Dockerfile. Ignore errors here, as they will have been
+	// caught by validateContextDirectory above.
+	includes := []string{"."}
+	keepThem1, _ := patternmatcher.Matches(".dockerignore", excludes)
+	keepThem2, _ := patternmatcher.Matches(relDockerfile, excludes)
+	if keepThem1 || keepThem2 {
+		includes = append(includes, ".dockerignore", relDockerfile)
+	}
+
+	buildCtx, err := archive.TarWithOptions(contextDir, &archive.TarOptions{
+		Compression:     compression.None,
+		ExcludePatterns: excludes,
+		IncludeFiles:    includes,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return buildCtx, nil
+}

internal/act/container/docker_create_flags.go

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd))
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"slices"
+
+	"github.com/kballard/go-shellquote"
+	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
+)
+
+const (
+	pullPolicyAlways  = "always"
+	pullPolicyMissing = "missing"
+	pullPolicyNever   = "never"
+)
+
+var pullPolicies = []string{pullPolicyAlways, pullPolicyMissing, pullPolicyNever}
+
+// createFlags are the flags docker/cli registers on the `create` and `run` commands
+// instead of in addFlags, so they are not part of containerOptions.
+type createFlags struct {
+	platform     string
+	pull         string
+	name         string
+	useAPISocket bool
+}
+
+func registerCreateFlags(flags *pflag.FlagSet) *createFlags {
+	cf := new(createFlags)
+	flags.StringVar(&cf.platform, "platform", "", "Set platform if server is multi-platform capable")
+	flags.StringVar(&cf.pull, "pull", pullPolicyMissing, `Pull image before creating ("always", "missing", "never")`)
+	flags.StringVar(&cf.name, "name", "", "Assign a name to the container")
+	flags.BoolVar(&cf.useAPISocket, "use-api-socket", false, "Bind mount Docker API socket and required auth")
+	// Accepted without effect: pull progress is only logged at debug level, and docker
+	// no longer implements content trust.
+	flags.BoolP("quiet", "q", false, "Suppress the pull output")
+	flags.Bool("disable-content-trust", true, "Skip image verification (deprecated)")
+	return cf
+}
+
+// parseContainerOptions parses a container options string. The flags are returned even
+// on error, holding whatever was read before the failure.
+func parseContainerOptions(options string) (*pflag.FlagSet, *containerOptions, *createFlags, error) {
+	flags := pflag.NewFlagSet("container_flags", pflag.ContinueOnError)
+	flags.SetOutput(io.Discard)
+	copts := addFlags(flags)
+	cf := registerCreateFlags(flags)
+
+	args, err := shellquote.Split(options)
+	if err != nil {
+		return flags, copts, cf, fmt.Errorf("Cannot split container options: '%s': '%w'", options, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := flags.Parse(args); err != nil {
+		return flags, copts, cf, fmt.Errorf("Cannot parse container options: '%s': '%w'", options, err)
+	}
+
+	return flags, copts, cf, nil
+}
+
+// createFlagsFromOptions reads the create-level flags that have to be known before the
+// container is created. Malformed options keep the defaults here and are reported by
+// mergeContainerConfigs at create time.
+func createFlagsFromOptions(options string) *createFlags {
+	_, _, cf, _ := parseContainerOptions(options)
+	return cf
+}
+
+func (cf *createFlags) validate() error {
+	if !slices.Contains(pullPolicies, cf.pull) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid --pull option %q: must be one of %q", cf.pull, pullPolicies)
+	}
+
+	if cf.useAPISocket {
+		return errors.New("--use-api-socket is not supported, use the runner's container.docker_host setting to expose a docker socket")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

internal/act/container/docker_create_flags_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestCreateFlagsFromOptions(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		options  string
+		platform string
+		pull     string
+	}{
+		{"", "", pullPolicyMissing},
+		{"-v /a:/b --platform=linux/arm64 --pull always", "linux/arm64", pullPolicyAlways},
+		{"--platform linux/arm/v7 --pull never", "linux/arm/v7", pullPolicyNever},
+		{`--platform "linux/amd64`, "", pullPolicyMissing}, // malformed, defaults kept
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.options, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cf := createFlagsFromOptions(tc.options)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.platform, cf.platform)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.pull, cf.pull)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCreateFlagsValidate(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		options string
+		wantErr string
+	}{
+		{"--quiet --disable-content-trust --name mine", ""},
+		{"--pull sometimes", `invalid --pull option "sometimes"`},
+		{"--use-api-socket", "--use-api-socket is not supported"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.options, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := createFlagsFromOptions(tc.options).validate()
+			if tc.wantErr == "" {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+			require.ErrorContains(t, err, tc.wantErr)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewContainerAppliesCreateFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	input := &NewContainerInput{Platform: "linux/amd64", Options: "--platform linux/arm64 --pull never"}
+	cr, ok := NewContainer(input).(*containerReference)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "linux/arm64", input.Platform)
+	assert.Equal(t, pullPolicyNever, cr.pullPolicy)
+
+	kept := &NewContainerInput{Platform: "linux/amd64", Options: "--privileged"}
+	NewContainer(kept)
+	assert.Equal(t, "linux/amd64", kept.Platform)
+}

internal/act/container/docker_images.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd))
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	cerrdefs "github.com/containerd/errdefs"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/client"
+)
+
+// ImageExistsLocally returns a boolean indicating if an image with the
+// requested name, tag and architecture exists in the local docker image store
+func ImageExistsLocally(ctx context.Context, imageName, platform string) (bool, error) {
+	cli, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	defer cli.Close()
+
+	inspectImage, err := cli.ImageInspect(ctx, imageName)
+	if cerrdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
+		return false, nil
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	if platform == "" || platform == "any" || fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", inspectImage.Os, inspectImage.Architecture) == platform {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+// RemoveImage removes image from local store, the function is used to run different
+// container image architectures
+func RemoveImage(ctx context.Context, imageName string, force, pruneChildren bool) (bool, error) {
+	cli, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	defer cli.Close()
+
+	inspectImage, err := cli.ImageInspect(ctx, imageName)
+	if cerrdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
+		return false, nil
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	if _, err = cli.ImageRemove(ctx, inspectImage.ID, client.ImageRemoveOptions{
+		Force:         force,
+		PruneChildren: pruneChildren,
+	}); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	return true, nil
+}

internal/act/container/docker_images_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+}
+
+// buildScratchImage builds a tiny empty image for the given platform locally (FROM scratch, no
+// network or emulation since there is nothing to run) and returns its tag, removing it after
+// the test.
+func buildScratchImage(t *testing.T, platform string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	tag := fmt.Sprintf("act-test-exists-%s:latest", strings.TrimPrefix(platform, "linux/"))
+	cmd := exec.Command("docker", "build", "--platform", platform, "-t", tag, "-")
+	cmd.Stdin = strings.NewReader("FROM scratch\nLABEL act-test=1\n")
+	// Force BuildKit: it records the requested architecture in the image config for a
+	// FROM-scratch build, whereas the classic builder ignores --platform and tags it with the
+	// host arch, which would break the per-platform existence assertions below.
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1")
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	require.NoError(t, err, string(out))
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = exec.Command("docker", "rmi", "-f", tag).Run() })
+	return tag
+}
+
+func TestImageExistsLocally(t *testing.T) {
+	requireDocker(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// a non-existent image is reported absent
+	missing, err := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, "library/alpine:this-random-tag-will-never-exist", "linux/amd64")
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.False(t, missing)
+
+	// Build tiny images for two architectures locally so per-platform existence can be checked
+	// offline (formerly pulled node:24-bookworm-slim for amd64 and arm64 over the network).
+	amd64Ref := buildScratchImage(t, "linux/amd64")
+	arm64Ref := buildScratchImage(t, "linux/arm64")
+
+	amd64Exists, err := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, amd64Ref, "linux/amd64")
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.True(t, amd64Exists)
+
+	// a non-host architecture image is detected for its own architecture
+	arm64Exists, err := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, arm64Ref, "linux/arm64")
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.True(t, arm64Exists)
+
+	// a present image is reported absent for a different platform
+	wrongPlatform, err := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, amd64Ref, "linux/arm64")
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.False(t, wrongPlatform)
+}

internal/act/container/docker_logger.go

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd))
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+type dockerMessage struct {
+	ID          string `json:"id"`
+	Stream      string `json:"stream"`
+	Error       string `json:"error"`
+	ErrorDetail struct {
+		Message string
+	}
+	Status   string `json:"status"`
+	Progress string `json:"progress"`
+}
+
+func logDockerResponse(logger logrus.FieldLogger, dockerResponse io.ReadCloser, isError bool) error {
+	if dockerResponse == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	defer dockerResponse.Close()
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(dockerResponse)
+	msg := dockerMessage{}
+
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := scanner.Bytes()
+
+		msg.ID = ""
+		msg.Stream = ""
+		msg.Error = ""
+		msg.ErrorDetail.Message = ""
+		msg.Status = ""
+		msg.Progress = ""
+
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(line, &msg); err != nil {
+			writeLog(logger, false, "Unable to unmarshal line [%s] ==> %v", string(line), err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if msg.Error != "" {
+			writeLog(logger, isError, "%s", msg.Error)
+			return errors.New(msg.Error)
+		}
+
+		if msg.ErrorDetail.Message != "" {
+			writeLog(logger, isError, "%s", msg.ErrorDetail.Message)
+			return errors.New(msg.ErrorDetail.Message)
+		}
+
+		if msg.Status != "" {
+			if msg.Progress != "" {
+				writeLog(logger, isError, "%s :: %s :: %s\n", msg.Status, msg.ID, msg.Progress)
+			} else {
+				writeLog(logger, isError, "%s :: %s\n", msg.Status, msg.ID)
+			}
+		} else if msg.Stream != "" {
+			writeLog(logger, isError, "%s", msg.Stream)
+		} else {
+			writeLog(logger, false, "Unable to handle line: %s", string(line))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func writeLog(logger logrus.FieldLogger, isError bool, format string, args ...any) {
+	if isError {
+		logger.Errorf(format, args...)
+	} else {
+		logger.Debugf(format, args...)
+	}
+}

internal/act/container/docker_network.go

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2023 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd))
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	"github.com/moby/moby/client"
+)
+
+const (
+	networkCreateAttempts   = 3
+	networkCreateRetryDelay = time.Second
+
+	// marks the networks a runner creates for its jobs, so it can tell its own leftovers from
+	// those of another runner sharing the daemon
+	runnerUUIDLabel = "com.gitea.runner.uuid"
+)
+
+// RemoveOrphanNetworks removes the networks this runner created for jobs whose teardown did
+// not get to them: the runner died with the job, the teardown timed out, or the network still
+// had an endpoint on it at the time. Each one holds a subnet of the daemon's address pool
+// until it is removed. Networks created after createdBefore are left alone, so a job starting
+// while this runs cannot lose the network it has created but not yet attached a container to.
+func RemoveOrphanNetworks(ctx context.Context, runnerUUID string, createdBefore time.Time) error {
+	cli, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to the docker daemon: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer cli.Close()
+
+	return removeOrphanNetworks(ctx, cli, runnerUUID, createdBefore)
+}
+
+func removeOrphanNetworks(ctx context.Context, cli client.APIClient, runnerUUID string, createdBefore time.Time) error {
+	networks, err := cli.NetworkList(ctx, client.NetworkListOptions{
+		Filters: make(client.Filters).Add("label", runnerUUIDLabel+"="+runnerUUID),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var errs []error
+	for _, n := range networks.Items {
+		result, err := cli.NetworkInspect(ctx, n.ID, client.NetworkInspectOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to inspect network %s: %w", n.Name, err))
+			continue
+		}
+		// the emptiness check, not the label, is what keeps a live job of another process
+		// sharing this registration safe
+		if len(result.Network.Containers) != 0 || result.Network.Created.After(createdBefore) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, err := cli.NetworkRemove(ctx, n.ID, client.NetworkRemoveOptions{}); err != nil {
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove network %s: %w", n.Name, err))
+			continue
+		}
+		common.Logger(ctx).Infof("removed docker network %s left behind by an earlier job", n.Name)
+	}
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
+}
+
+func NewDockerNetworkCreateExecutor(name string, opts NewDockerNetworkCreateExecutorInput) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		cli, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer cli.Close()
+
+		// Only create the network if it doesn't exist
+		networks, err := cli.NetworkList(ctx, client.NetworkListOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		// For Gitea, reduce log noise
+		// common.Logger(ctx).Debugf("%v", networks)
+		for _, n := range networks.Items {
+			if n.Name == name {
+				common.Logger(ctx).Debugf("Network %v exists", name)
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+
+		for i := range networkCreateAttempts {
+			if i > 0 {
+				common.Logger(ctx).Infof("Waiting for a free docker address pool to create network %s", name)
+				select {
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					return ctx.Err()
+				case <-time.After(time.Duration(i) * networkCreateRetryDelay):
+				}
+			}
+			if _, err = cli.NetworkCreate(ctx, name, client.NetworkCreateOptions{
+				Driver:     "bridge",
+				Scope:      "local",
+				EnableIPv4: opts.EnableIPv4,
+				EnableIPv6: opts.EnableIPv6,
+				Labels:     runnerLabels(opts.RunnerUUID),
+			}); err == nil {
+				return nil
+			}
+			if !isAddressPoolExhausted(err) {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("docker has no address pool left for this job's network, lower runner.capacity or widen default-address-pools in the docker daemon config: %w", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func runnerLabels(runnerUUID string) map[string]string {
+	if runnerUUID == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return map[string]string{runnerUUIDLabel: runnerUUID}
+}
+
+// The daemon reports this as a plain invalid-parameter error, the same kind it uses for every
+// malformed request, so the message is the only discriminator.
+func isAddressPoolExhausted(err error) bool {
+	msg := err.Error()
+	return strings.Contains(msg, "all predefined address pools have been fully subnetted") ||
+		strings.Contains(msg, "could not find an available, non-overlapping IPv4 address pool among the defaults") // docker 24 and older
+}
+
+func NewDockerNetworkRemoveExecutor(name string) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		cli, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer cli.Close()
+
+		// Make sure that all network of the specified name are removed
+		// cli.NetworkRemove refuses to remove a network if there are duplicates
+		networks, err := cli.NetworkList(ctx, client.NetworkListOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		// For Gitea, reduce log noise
+		// common.Logger(ctx).Debugf("%v", networks)
+		var errs []error
+		for _, n := range networks.Items {
+			if n.Name == name {
+				result, err := cli.NetworkInspect(ctx, n.ID, client.NetworkInspectOptions{})
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+
+				// it holds a subnet out of the daemon's pool until something reclaims it
+				if len(result.Network.Containers) != 0 {
+					common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("Refusing to remove network %s because it still has active endpoints, the idle cleanup reclaims it once they are gone", name)
+					continue
+				}
+				if _, err = cli.NetworkRemove(ctx, n.ID, client.NetworkRemoveOptions{}); err != nil {
+					errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove network %s: %w", name, err))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return errors.Join(errs...)
+	}
+}

internal/act/container/docker_network_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	cerrdefs "github.com/containerd/errdefs"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/network"
+	mobyclient "github.com/moby/moby/client"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestIsAddressPoolExhausted(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.True(t, isAddressPoolExhausted(cerrdefs.ErrInvalidArgument.WithMessage("Error response from daemon: all predefined address pools have been fully subnetted")))
+	assert.True(t, isAddressPoolExhausted(errors.New("could not find an available, non-overlapping IPv4 address pool among the defaults to assign to the network")))
+	assert.False(t, isAddressPoolExhausted(cerrdefs.ErrInvalidArgument.WithMessage("invalid subnet 10.0.0.0/8: it overlaps with an existing network")))
+}
+
+// Of this runner's networks, only the ones nothing is attached to and old enough to predate
+// any job now starting are the runner's to reclaim. An unexpected NetworkRemove fails the
+// test on its own, since testify has no expectation to match it against.
+func TestRemoveOrphanNetworks(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	cutoff := time.Date(2026, time.April, 29, 20, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	client := &mockDockerClient{}
+	client.On("NetworkList", ctx, mobyclient.NetworkListOptions{
+		Filters: make(mobyclient.Filters).Add("label", runnerUUIDLabel+"=runner-1"),
+	}).Return(mobyclient.NetworkListResult{Items: []network.Summary{
+		{Network: network.Network{ID: "orphan"}},
+		{Network: network.Network{ID: "busy"}},
+		{Network: network.Network{ID: "starting"}},
+	}}, nil)
+	client.On("NetworkInspect", ctx, "orphan", mobyclient.NetworkInspectOptions{}).
+		Return(mobyclient.NetworkInspectResult{}, nil)
+	client.On("NetworkInspect", ctx, "busy", mobyclient.NetworkInspectOptions{}).
+		Return(mobyclient.NetworkInspectResult{Network: network.Inspect{Containers: map[string]network.EndpointResource{"c": {}}}}, nil)
+	client.On("NetworkInspect", ctx, "starting", mobyclient.NetworkInspectOptions{}).
+		Return(mobyclient.NetworkInspectResult{Network: network.Inspect{Network: network.Network{Created: cutoff.Add(time.Second)}}}, nil)
+	client.On("NetworkRemove", ctx, "orphan", mobyclient.NetworkRemoveOptions{}).
+		Return(mobyclient.NetworkRemoveResult{}, nil)
+
+	require.NoError(t, removeOrphanNetworks(ctx, client, "runner-1", cutoff))
+	client.AssertExpectations(t)
+}

internal/act/container/docker_platform.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2025 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd))
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	specs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
+)
+
+// parsePlatform parses an "os/arch[/variant]" string into a Platform. An empty input
+// returns (nil, nil), meaning "no platform constraint". A non-empty but malformed
+// string is rejected explicitly so it cannot silently fall through to the daemon's
+// default architecture.
+func parsePlatform(platform string) (*specs.Platform, error) {
+	if platform == "" {
+		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // no platform constraint requested
+	}
+
+	parts := strings.Split(platform, "/")
+	if len(parts) < 2 || len(parts) > 3 || parts[0] == "" || parts[1] == "" || (len(parts) == 3 && parts[2] == "") {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid platform %q: expected os/arch[/variant]", platform)
+	}
+
+	spec := &specs.Platform{
+		OS:           strings.ToLower(parts[0]),
+		Architecture: strings.ToLower(parts[1]),
+	}
+	if len(parts) == 3 {
+		spec.Variant = strings.ToLower(parts[2])
+	}
+
+	return spec, nil
+}

internal/act/container/docker_platform_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestParsePlatform(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("empty input returns nil platform without error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got, err := parsePlatform("")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, got)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("os/arch", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got, err := parsePlatform("linux/amd64")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, got)
+		assert.Equal(t, "linux", got.OS)
+		assert.Equal(t, "amd64", got.Architecture)
+		assert.Empty(t, got.Variant)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("os/arch/variant", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got, err := parsePlatform("linux/arm/v7")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, got)
+		assert.Equal(t, "linux", got.OS)
+		assert.Equal(t, "arm", got.Architecture)
+		assert.Equal(t, "v7", got.Variant)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("input is lowercased", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got, err := parsePlatform("Linux/AMD64/V8")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, got)
+		assert.Equal(t, "linux", got.OS)
+		assert.Equal(t, "amd64", got.Architecture)
+		assert.Equal(t, "v8", got.Variant)
+	})
+
+	for _, bad := range []string{
+		"amd64",
+		"linux",
+		"linux/",
+		"/amd64",
+		"/",
+		"//",
+		"linux/arm/",
+		"linux/arm/v7/extra",
+	} {
+		t.Run("rejects "+bad, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := parsePlatform(bad)
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			assert.Nil(t, got)
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/act/container/docker_pull.go

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd))
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	"github.com/distribution/reference"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/pkg/authconfig"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/registry"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/client"
+	specs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
+)
+
+// NewDockerPullExecutor function to create a run executor for the container
+func NewDockerPullExecutor(input NewDockerPullExecutorInput) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+		logger.Debugf("docker pull %v", input.Image)
+
+		if common.Dryrun(ctx) {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		// skip the pull when the image is already here: either none was forced, or a digest
+		// pins the content so a forced pull could only fetch the same bytes again
+		if !input.ForcePull || isPinnedImage(input.Image) {
+			imageExists, err := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, input.Image, input.Platform)
+			logger.Debugf("Image exists? %v", imageExists)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unable to determine if image already exists for image '%s' (%s): %w", input.Image, input.Platform, err)
+			}
+			if imageExists {
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+
+		imageRef := cleanImage(ctx, input.Image)
+		logger.Debugf("pulling image '%v' (%s)", imageRef, input.Platform)
+
+		cli, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer cli.Close()
+
+		imagePullOptions, err := getImagePullOptions(ctx, input)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// the daemon reports a failure that happens after the first progress line in the
+		// stream rather than on the call itself, so both have to be checked
+		pullOnce := func(opts client.ImagePullOptions) error {
+			reader, err := cli.ImagePull(ctx, imageRef, opts)
+			streamErr := logDockerResponse(logger, reader, err != nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			return streamErr
+		}
+
+		err = pullOnce(imagePullOptions)
+		if err != nil && imagePullOptions.RegistryAuth != "" && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unauthorized") {
+			logger.Errorf("pulling image '%v' (%s) failed with credentials %s retrying without them, please check for stale docker config files", imageRef, input.Platform, err.Error())
+			imagePullOptions.RegistryAuth = ""
+			err = pullOnce(imagePullOptions)
+		}
+		if err == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		// a registry that is down should not fail a job whose image is already here
+		if exists, existsErr := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, input.Image, input.Platform); existsErr == nil && exists {
+			logger.Warnf("could not update image '%s' (%s), continuing with the local copy: %v", imageRef, input.Platform, err)
+			return nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to pull image '%s' (%s): %w", imageRef, input.Platform, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func getImagePullOptions(ctx context.Context, input NewDockerPullExecutorInput) (client.ImagePullOptions, error) {
+	imagePullOptions := client.ImagePullOptions{}
+	platform, err := parsePlatform(input.Platform)
+	if err != nil {
+		return imagePullOptions, err
+	}
+	if platform != nil {
+		imagePullOptions.Platforms = []specs.Platform{*platform}
+	}
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+
+	if input.Username != "" && input.Password != "" {
+		logger.Debugf("using authentication for docker pull")
+
+		encodedAuth, err := authconfig.Encode(registry.AuthConfig{
+			Username: input.Username,
+			Password: input.Password,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return imagePullOptions, err
+		}
+
+		imagePullOptions.RegistryAuth = encodedAuth
+	} else {
+		authConfig, err := LoadDockerAuthConfig(ctx, input.Image)
+		if err != nil {
+			return imagePullOptions, err
+		}
+		if authConfig.Username == "" && authConfig.Password == "" {
+			return imagePullOptions, nil
+		}
+		logger.Info("using DockerAuthConfig authentication for docker pull")
+
+		imagePullOptions.RegistryAuth, err = authconfig.Encode(authConfig)
+		if err != nil {
+			return imagePullOptions, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return imagePullOptions, nil
+}
+
+func isPinnedImage(image string) bool {
+	ref, err := reference.ParseAnyReference(image)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	_, pinned := ref.(reference.Canonical)
+	return pinned
+}
+
+func cleanImage(ctx context.Context, imageName string) string {
+	ref, err := reference.ParseAnyReference(imageName)
+	if err != nil {
+		common.Logger(ctx).Error(err)
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	return ref.String()
+}

internal/act/container/docker_pull_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/config"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	assert "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+}
+
+func TestCleanImage(t *testing.T) {
+	tables := []struct {
+		imageIn  string
+		imageOut string
+	}{
+		{"myhost.com/foo/bar", "myhost.com/foo/bar"},
+		{"localhost:8000/canonical/ubuntu", "localhost:8000/canonical/ubuntu"},
+		{"localhost/canonical/ubuntu:latest", "localhost/canonical/ubuntu:latest"},
+		{"localhost:8000/canonical/ubuntu:latest", "localhost:8000/canonical/ubuntu:latest"},
+		{"ubuntu", "docker.io/library/ubuntu"},
+		{"ubuntu:18.04", "docker.io/library/ubuntu:18.04"},
+		{"cibuilds/hugo:0.53", "docker.io/cibuilds/hugo:0.53"},
+	}
+
+	for _, table := range tables {
+		imageOut := cleanImage(context.Background(), table.imageIn)
+		assert.Equal(t, table.imageOut, imageOut)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetImagePullOptions(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	orig := config.Dir()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { config.SetDir(orig) })
+
+	config.SetDir("/non-existent/docker")
+
+	options, err := getImagePullOptions(ctx, NewDockerPullExecutorInput{})
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create ImagePullOptions")                                                 //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, "", options.RegistryAuth, "RegistryAuth should be empty if no username or password is set") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+
+	options, err = getImagePullOptions(ctx, NewDockerPullExecutorInput{
+		Image:    "",
+		Username: "username",
+		Password: "password",
+	})
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create ImagePullOptions") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, "eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6InVzZXJuYW1lIiwicGFzc3dvcmQiOiJwYXNzd29yZCJ9", options.RegistryAuth, "Username and Password should be provided")
+
+	config.SetDir("testdata/docker-pull-options")
+
+	options, err = getImagePullOptions(ctx, NewDockerPullExecutorInput{
+		Image: "nektos/act",
+	})
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create ImagePullOptions") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, "eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6InVzZXJuYW1lIiwicGFzc3dvcmQiOiJwYXNzd29yZFxuIiwic2VydmVyYWRkcmVzcyI6Imh0dHBzOi8vaW5kZXguZG9ja2VyLmlvL3YxLyJ9", options.RegistryAuth, "RegistryAuth should be taken from local docker config")
+}
+
+// A digest-pinned image is immutable, so its local copy is always current.
+func TestIsPinnedImage(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.True(t, isPinnedImage("alpine@sha256:28bd5fe8b56d1bd048e5babf5b10710ebe0bae67db86916198a6eec434943f8b"))
+	assert.False(t, isPinnedImage("alpine:latest"))
+}
+
+// The pull path reports a failure the daemon sent mid-stream, so it must carry the reason
+// whichever of the two shapes the daemon used.
+func TestLogDockerResponseError(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := test.NewNullLogger()
+	streamErr := func(line string) error {
+		return logDockerResponse(logger, io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(line)), false)
+	}
+	require.EqualError(t, streamErr(`{"error":"toomanyrequests: rate limit exceeded"}`), "toomanyrequests: rate limit exceeded")
+	require.EqualError(t, streamErr(`{"errorDetail":{"message":"unexpected EOF"}}`), "unexpected EOF")
+	require.NoError(t, streamErr(`{"status":"Downloading"}`))
+}

internal/act/container/docker_run_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,932 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	cerrdefs "github.com/containerd/errdefs"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/pkg/stdcopy"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/mount"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/network"
+	mobyclient "github.com/moby/moby/client"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/mock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestDocker(t *testing.T) {
+	requireDocker(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	client, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer client.Close()
+
+	dockerBuild := NewDockerBuildExecutor(NewDockerBuildExecutorInput{
+		ContextDir: "testdata",
+		ImageTag:   "envmergetest",
+	})
+
+	err = dockerBuild(ctx)
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+
+	cr := &containerReference{
+		cli: client,
+		input: &NewContainerInput{
+			Image: "envmergetest",
+		},
+	}
+	env := map[string]string{
+		"PATH":         "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin",
+		"RANDOM_VAR":   "WITH_VALUE",
+		"ANOTHER_VAR":  "",
+		"CONFLICT_VAR": "I_EXIST_IN_MULTIPLE_PLACES",
+	}
+
+	envExecutor := cr.extractFromImageEnv(&env)
+	err = envExecutor(ctx)
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{
+		"PATH":            "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/this/path/does/not/exists/anywhere:/this/either",
+		"RANDOM_VAR":      "WITH_VALUE",
+		"ANOTHER_VAR":     "",
+		"SOME_RANDOM_VAR": "",
+		"ANOTHER_ONE":     "BUT_I_HAVE_VALUE",
+		"CONFLICT_VAR":    "I_EXIST_IN_MULTIPLE_PLACES",
+	}, env)
+}
+
+type mockDockerClient struct {
+	mobyclient.APIClient
+	mock.Mock
+}
+
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ExecCreate(ctx context.Context, id string, opts mobyclient.ExecCreateOptions) (mobyclient.ExecCreateResult, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, id, opts)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ExecCreateResult), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ExecAttach(ctx context.Context, id string, opts mobyclient.ExecAttachOptions) (mobyclient.ExecAttachResult, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, id, opts)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ExecAttachResult), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ExecInspect(ctx context.Context, execID string, opts mobyclient.ExecInspectOptions) (mobyclient.ExecInspectResult, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, execID, opts)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ExecInspectResult), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ContainerAttach(ctx context.Context, containerID string, opts mobyclient.ContainerAttachOptions) (mobyclient.ContainerAttachResult, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, containerID, opts)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ContainerAttachResult), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ContainerWait(ctx context.Context, containerID string, opts mobyclient.ContainerWaitOptions) mobyclient.ContainerWaitResult {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, containerID, opts)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ContainerWaitResult)
+}
+
+func (m *mockDockerClient) CopyToContainer(ctx context.Context, id string, options mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions) (mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, id, options)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ContainerInspect(ctx context.Context, id string, opts mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions) (mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, id, opts)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ContainerList(ctx context.Context, opts mobyclient.ContainerListOptions) (mobyclient.ContainerListResult, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, opts)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ContainerListResult), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ContainerRemove(ctx context.Context, id string, opts mobyclient.ContainerRemoveOptions) (mobyclient.ContainerRemoveResult, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, id, opts)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ContainerRemoveResult), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ContainerKill(ctx context.Context, id string, opts mobyclient.ContainerKillOptions) (mobyclient.ContainerKillResult, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, id, opts)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ContainerKillResult), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *mockDockerClient) NetworkList(ctx context.Context, opts mobyclient.NetworkListOptions) (mobyclient.NetworkListResult, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, opts)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.NetworkListResult), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *mockDockerClient) NetworkInspect(ctx context.Context, id string, opts mobyclient.NetworkInspectOptions) (mobyclient.NetworkInspectResult, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, id, opts)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.NetworkInspectResult), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *mockDockerClient) NetworkRemove(ctx context.Context, id string, opts mobyclient.NetworkRemoveOptions) (mobyclient.NetworkRemoveResult, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, id, opts)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.NetworkRemoveResult), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+type endlessReader struct {
+	io.Reader
+}
+
+func (r endlessReader) Read(_ []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	return 1, nil
+}
+
+type mockConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+	mock.Mock
+}
+
+func (m *mockConn) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	args := m.Called(b)
+	return args.Int(0), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *mockConn) Close() (err error) {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestDockerExecAbort(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+
+	conn := &mockConn{}
+	conn.On("Write", mock.AnythingOfType("[]uint8")).Return(1, nil)
+
+	client := &mockDockerClient{}
+	client.On("ExecCreate", ctx, "123", mock.AnythingOfType("client.ExecCreateOptions")).Return(mobyclient.ExecCreateResult{ID: "id"}, nil)
+	client.On("ExecAttach", ctx, "id", mock.AnythingOfType("client.ExecAttachOptions")).Return(mobyclient.ExecAttachResult{
+		HijackedResponse: mobyclient.HijackedResponse{
+			Conn:   conn,
+			Reader: bufio.NewReader(endlessReader{}),
+		},
+	}, nil)
+
+	cr := &containerReference{
+		id:  "123",
+		cli: client,
+		input: &NewContainerInput{
+			Image: "image",
+		},
+	}
+
+	channel := make(chan error)
+
+	go func() {
+		channel <- cr.exec([]string{""}, map[string]string{}, "user", "workdir")(ctx)
+	}()
+
+	time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	cancel()
+
+	err := <-channel
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+
+	conn.AssertExpectations(t)
+	client.AssertExpectations(t)
+}
+
+func TestDockerExecFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	conn := &mockConn{}
+
+	client := &mockDockerClient{}
+	client.On("ExecCreate", ctx, "123", mock.AnythingOfType("client.ExecCreateOptions")).Return(mobyclient.ExecCreateResult{ID: "id"}, nil)
+	client.On("ExecAttach", ctx, "id", mock.AnythingOfType("client.ExecAttachOptions")).Return(mobyclient.ExecAttachResult{
+		HijackedResponse: mobyclient.HijackedResponse{
+			Conn:   conn,
+			Reader: bufio.NewReader(strings.NewReader("output")),
+		},
+	}, nil)
+	client.On("ExecInspect", ctx, "id", mobyclient.ExecInspectOptions{}).Return(mobyclient.ExecInspectResult{
+		ExitCode: 1,
+	}, nil)
+
+	cr := &containerReference{
+		id:  "123",
+		cli: client,
+		input: &NewContainerInput{
+			Image: "image",
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := cr.exec([]string{""}, map[string]string{}, "user", "workdir")(ctx)
+	var exitErr ExitCodeError
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &exitErr)
+	assert.Equal(t, ExitCodeError(1), exitErr)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Process completed with exit code 1.", err.Error())
+
+	conn.AssertExpectations(t)
+	client.AssertExpectations(t)
+}
+
+// stdcopyFrame wraps payload in a single Docker multiplexed-stream frame, the
+// format StdCopy expects: an 8-byte header (stream type + 4-byte big-endian
+// length) followed by the payload.
+func stdcopyFrame(stream stdcopy.StdType, payload string) []byte {
+	b := make([]byte, 8+len(payload))
+	b[0] = byte(stream)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(b[4:8], uint32(len(payload)))
+	copy(b[8:], payload)
+	return b
+}
+
+// TestDockerAttachFlushesTrailingLine verifies that wait() blocks until the
+// attach() streaming goroutine has drained and flushed the container's output,
+// so a final line without a trailing newline is not lost.
+func TestDockerAttachFlushesTrailingLine(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	framed := bytes.NewBuffer(stdcopyFrame(stdcopy.Stdout, "line one\nlast line without newline"))
+
+	var lines []string
+	logWriter := common.NewLineWriter(func(s string) bool {
+		lines = append(lines, s)
+		return true
+	})
+
+	client := &mockDockerClient{}
+	client.On("ContainerAttach", ctx, "123", mock.AnythingOfType("client.ContainerAttachOptions")).
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerAttachResult{
+			HijackedResponse: mobyclient.HijackedResponse{
+				Conn:   &mockConn{},
+				Reader: bufio.NewReader(framed),
+			},
+		}, nil)
+
+	statusCh := make(chan container.WaitResponse, 1)
+	statusCh <- container.WaitResponse{StatusCode: 0}
+	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	client.On("ContainerWait", ctx, "123", mobyclient.ContainerWaitOptions{Condition: container.WaitConditionNotRunning}).
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerWaitResult{
+			Result: (<-chan container.WaitResponse)(statusCh),
+			Error:  (<-chan error)(errCh),
+		})
+
+	cr := &containerReference{
+		id:  "123",
+		cli: client,
+		input: &NewContainerInput{
+			Image:  "image",
+			Stdout: logWriter,
+			Stderr: logWriter,
+		},
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, cr.attach()(ctx))
+	require.NoError(t, cr.wait()(ctx))
+
+	// wait() must have blocked until the goroutine drained AND flushed; the
+	// trailing, non-newline-terminated line must therefore be present. Reading
+	// lines here is race-free because wait() synchronizes on attachDone, which
+	// the goroutine closes after the final append.
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"line one\n", "last line without newline"}, lines)
+
+	client.AssertExpectations(t)
+}
+
+func TestDockerWaitFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	statusCh := make(chan container.WaitResponse, 1)
+	statusCh <- container.WaitResponse{StatusCode: 2}
+	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+
+	client := &mockDockerClient{}
+	client.On("ContainerWait", ctx, "123", mobyclient.ContainerWaitOptions{Condition: container.WaitConditionNotRunning}).
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerWaitResult{
+			Result: (<-chan container.WaitResponse)(statusCh),
+			Error:  (<-chan error)(errCh),
+		})
+
+	cr := &containerReference{
+		id:  "123",
+		cli: client,
+		input: &NewContainerInput{
+			Image: "image",
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := cr.wait()(ctx)
+	var exitErr ExitCodeError
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &exitErr)
+	assert.Equal(t, ExitCodeError(2), exitErr)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Process completed with exit code 2.", err.Error())
+
+	client.AssertExpectations(t)
+}
+
+func TestDockerCopyTarStream(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	client := &mockDockerClient{}
+	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "123", mock.MatchedBy(func(opts mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions) bool {
+		return opts.DestinationPath == "/" && opts.Content != nil
+	})).Return(mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult{}, nil)
+	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "123", mock.MatchedBy(func(opts mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions) bool {
+		return opts.DestinationPath == "/var/run/act" && opts.Content != nil
+	})).Return(mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult{}, nil)
+	cr := &containerReference{
+		id:  "123",
+		cli: client,
+		input: &NewContainerInput{
+			Image: "image",
+		},
+	}
+
+	_ = cr.CopyTarStream(ctx, "/var/run/act", &bytes.Buffer{})
+
+	client.AssertExpectations(t)
+}
+
+// Docker 29.5+ rejects absolute names in the mkdir tarball with
+// "path escapes from parent", since it is extracted relative to "/".
+func TestDockerCopyTarStreamMkdirEntryIsRelative(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	var mkdirNames []string
+	client := &mockDockerClient{}
+	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "123", mock.MatchedBy(func(opts mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions) bool {
+		if opts.DestinationPath != "/" || opts.Content == nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		tr := tar.NewReader(opts.Content)
+		for {
+			hdr, err := tr.Next()
+			if err != nil {
+				break
+			}
+			mkdirNames = append(mkdirNames, hdr.Name)
+		}
+		return true
+	})).Return(mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult{}, nil)
+	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "123", mock.MatchedBy(func(opts mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions) bool {
+		return opts.DestinationPath == "/var/run/act" && opts.Content != nil
+	})).Return(mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult{}, nil)
+	cr := &containerReference{
+		id:  "123",
+		cli: client,
+		input: &NewContainerInput{
+			Image: "image",
+		},
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, cr.CopyTarStream(ctx, "/var/run/act", &bytes.Buffer{}))
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"var/run/act"}, mkdirNames)
+
+	client.AssertExpectations(t)
+}
+
+func TestDockerCopyTarStreamErrorInCopyFiles(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	merr := errors.New("Failure")
+
+	client := &mockDockerClient{}
+	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "123", mock.MatchedBy(func(opts mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions) bool {
+		return opts.DestinationPath == "/" && opts.Content != nil
+	})).Return(mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult{}, merr)
+	cr := &containerReference{
+		id:  "123",
+		cli: client,
+		input: &NewContainerInput{
+			Image: "image",
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := cr.CopyTarStream(ctx, "/var/run/act", &bytes.Buffer{})
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, merr) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+
+	client.AssertExpectations(t)
+}
+
+func TestDockerCopyTarStreamErrorInMkdir(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	merr := errors.New("Failure")
+
+	client := &mockDockerClient{}
+	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "123", mock.MatchedBy(func(opts mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions) bool {
+		return opts.DestinationPath == "/" && opts.Content != nil
+	})).Return(mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult{}, nil)
+	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "123", mock.MatchedBy(func(opts mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions) bool {
+		return opts.DestinationPath == "/var/run/act" && opts.Content != nil
+	})).Return(mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult{}, merr)
+	cr := &containerReference{
+		id:  "123",
+		cli: client,
+		input: &NewContainerInput{
+			Image: "image",
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := cr.CopyTarStream(ctx, "/var/run/act", &bytes.Buffer{})
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, merr) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+
+	client.AssertExpectations(t)
+}
+
+// A remove that raced the daemon's AutoRemove teardown is not a failure and must not
+// be logged as one.
+func TestRemoveIgnoresAutoRemoveRace(t *testing.T) {
+	removeOpts := mobyclient.ContainerRemoveOptions{RemoveVolumes: true, Force: true}
+	killOpts := mobyclient.ContainerKillOptions{Signal: "SIGKILL"}
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name        string
+		err         error
+		wantWait    bool
+		wantFailure bool
+	}{
+		{name: "removal in progress", err: cerrdefs.ErrConflict.WithMessage("removal of container abc is already in progress"), wantWait: true},
+		{name: "already removed", err: cerrdefs.ErrNotFound.WithMessage("No such container: abc")},
+		{name: "removed cleanly", err: nil},
+		{name: "real failure", err: errors.New("driver failed to remove root filesystem"), wantFailure: true},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			logger, hook := test.NewNullLogger()
+			ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger)
+			client := &mockDockerClient{}
+			client.On("ContainerKill", ctx, "abc", killOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerKillResult{}, nil)
+			client.On("ContainerRemove", ctx, "abc", removeOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerRemoveResult{}, tc.err)
+			if tc.wantWait {
+				removed := make(chan container.WaitResponse, 1)
+				removed <- container.WaitResponse{}
+				client.On("ContainerWait", mock.Anything, "abc", mobyclient.ContainerWaitOptions{Condition: container.WaitConditionRemoved}).
+					Return(mobyclient.ContainerWaitResult{Result: removed})
+			}
+			cr := &containerReference{id: "abc", cli: client}
+
+			require.NoError(t, cr.remove()(ctx))
+			// a failure keeps the id, so a later Remove() can retry it
+			if tc.wantFailure {
+				assert.Equal(t, "abc", cr.id)
+				assert.Len(t, hook.AllEntries(), 1)
+			} else {
+				assert.Empty(t, cr.id)
+				assert.Empty(t, hook.AllEntries())
+			}
+			client.AssertExpectations(t)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// A container whose id was never learned, because find() could not reach the daemon or
+// create() lost its reply, must still be removed rather than leaking with its network. It
+// was never started here, so it is not worth a kill of its own.
+func TestRemoveWithoutIDUsesName(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	client := &mockDockerClient{}
+	client.On("ContainerRemove", ctx, "job-1", mobyclient.ContainerRemoveOptions{RemoveVolumes: true, Force: true}).
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerRemoveResult{}, nil)
+	cr := &containerReference{cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{Name: "job-1"}}
+
+	require.NoError(t, cr.remove()(ctx))
+	client.AssertExpectations(t)
+}
+
+// find() must drop a stale cached id so later Copy/Exec don't hit the
+// daemon with a torn-down container.
+func TestFindRevalidatesStaleID(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	notFound := cerrdefs.ErrNotFound.WithMessage("No such container")
+	boom := errors.New("daemon unreachable")
+	newCR := func(id string) (*containerReference, *mockDockerClient) {
+		client := &mockDockerClient{}
+		return &containerReference{id: id, cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{Name: "job-1"}}, client
+	}
+	listOpts := mobyclient.ContainerListOptions{All: true}
+	inspectOpts := mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}
+
+	t.Run("stale id cleared, name lookup empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cr, client := newCR("stale")
+		client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "stale", inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, notFound)
+		client.On("ContainerList", ctx, listOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, cr.find()(ctx))
+		assert.Empty(t, cr.id)
+		client.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("stale id cleared, name lookup repopulates", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cr, client := newCR("stale")
+		client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "stale", inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, notFound)
+		client.On("ContainerList", ctx, listOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{Items: []container.Summary{
+			{ID: "other", Names: []string{"/somebody-else"}},
+			{ID: "fresh", Names: []string{"/job-1"}},
+		}}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, cr.find()(ctx))
+		assert.Equal(t, "fresh", cr.id)
+		client.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("live id kept", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cr, client := newCR("live")
+		client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "live", inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, cr.find()(ctx))
+		assert.Equal(t, "live", cr.id)
+		client.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("transient inspect error trusts cache", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cr, client := newCR("live")
+		client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "live", inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, boom)
+		require.NoError(t, cr.find()(ctx))
+		assert.Equal(t, "live", cr.id)
+		client.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("list error propagates", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cr, client := newCR("")
+		client.On("ContainerList", ctx, listOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{}, boom)
+		require.ErrorIs(t, cr.find()(ctx), boom)
+		client.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+}
+
+// Every daemon entry point fails fast with a clear, container-named
+// error when no live cr.id is known.
+func TestRejectsMissingContainer(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	client := &mockDockerClient{}
+	client.On("ContainerList", ctx, mobyclient.ContainerListOptions{All: true}).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{}, nil)
+	cr := &containerReference{cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{Name: "job-1"}}
+	check := func(op string, err error) {
+		t.Helper()
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrContainerNotFound, op)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), `container "job-1" does not exist`, op)
+	}
+	check("copyContent", cr.copyContent("/var/run/act", &FileEntry{Name: "x", Mode: 0o644})(ctx))
+	check("copyDir", cr.copyDir("/var/run/act", "/src", false)(ctx))
+	check("CopyTarStream", cr.CopyTarStream(ctx, "/var/run/act", &bytes.Buffer{}))
+	check("exec", cr.exec([]string{"echo"}, nil, "", "")(ctx))
+	_, err := cr.GetContainerArchive(ctx, "/var/run/act/x")
+	check("GetContainerArchive", err)
+	_, err = cr.Inspect(ctx)
+	check("Inspect", err)
+
+	// a known id the daemon has since dropped
+	client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "gone", mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}).
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, cerrdefs.ErrNotFound)
+	removed := &containerReference{id: "gone", cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{Name: "job-1"}}
+	_, err = removed.Inspect(ctx)
+	check("Inspect after removal", err)
+}
+
+// End-to-end: a stale cr.id is cleared, repopulated from name lookup,
+// and the Copy completes against the fresh id.
+func TestPublicCopyPipelineHandlesStaleID(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	client := &mockDockerClient{}
+	client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "stale", mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}).
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, cerrdefs.ErrNotFound.WithMessage("gone"))
+	client.On("ContainerList", ctx, mobyclient.ContainerListOptions{All: true}).
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{Items: []container.Summary{
+			{ID: "fresh", Names: []string{"/job-1"}},
+		}}, nil)
+	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "fresh", mock.MatchedBy(func(opts mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions) bool {
+		return opts.DestinationPath == "/var/run/act"
+	})).Return(mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult{}, nil)
+
+	cr := &containerReference{id: "stale", cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{Name: "job-1"}}
+	require.NoError(t, cr.Copy("/var/run/act", &FileEntry{Name: "x", Mode: 0o644})(ctx))
+	assert.Equal(t, "fresh", cr.id)
+	client.AssertExpectations(t)
+}
+
+// TestDockerCopyToSymlinkPath is a regression test for gitea/runner#981. Most base images
+// symlink /var/run to /run, so copying into /var/run/act traverses that symlink. The broken
+// docker 29.5.1 daemon fails the extraction with "mkdirat var/run: file exists" (fixed in
+// 29.5.2). Running against the daemon shipped in the dind image, this catches a bad bump.
+func TestDockerCopyToSymlinkPath(t *testing.T) {
+	requireDocker(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	rc := NewContainer(&NewContainerInput{
+		Image:      "alpine:latest",
+		Entrypoint: []string{"sleep", "30"},
+		Name:       "act-test-symlink-" + time.Now().Format("20060102150405.000000"),
+		AutoRemove: true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, rc.Pull(false)(ctx))
+	require.NoError(t, rc.Create(nil, nil)(ctx))
+	require.NoError(t, rc.Start(false)(ctx))
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = rc.Remove()(ctx)
+		_ = rc.Close()(ctx)
+	})
+
+	// CopyTarStream first creates the destination directory by extracting a tar at "/",
+	// which makes the daemon mkdir var, then var/run (the symlink), then act — the exact
+	// step that fails on the broken daemon.
+	err := rc.CopyTarStream(ctx, "/var/run/act/actions/", &bytes.Buffer{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+// Type assert containerReference implements ExecutionsEnvironment
+var _ ExecutionsEnvironment = &containerReference{}
+
+func TestCheckVolumes(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		desc          string
+		validVolumes  []string
+		binds         []string
+		expectedBinds []string
+	}{
+		{
+			desc:         "match all volumes",
+			validVolumes: []string{"**"},
+			binds: []string{
+				"shared_volume:/shared_volume",
+				"/home/test/data:/test_data",
+				"/etc/conf.d/base.json:/config/base.json",
+				"sql_data:/sql_data",
+				"/secrets/keys:/keys",
+			},
+			expectedBinds: []string{
+				"shared_volume:/shared_volume",
+				"/home/test/data:/test_data",
+				"/etc/conf.d/base.json:/config/base.json",
+				"sql_data:/sql_data",
+				"/secrets/keys:/keys",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			desc:         "no volumes can be matched",
+			validVolumes: []string{},
+			binds: []string{
+				"shared_volume:/shared_volume",
+				"/home/test/data:/test_data",
+				"/etc/conf.d/base.json:/config/base.json",
+				"sql_data:/sql_data",
+				"/secrets/keys:/keys",
+			},
+			expectedBinds: []string{},
+		},
+		{
+			desc: "only allowed volumes can be matched",
+			validVolumes: []string{
+				"shared_volume",
+				"/home/test/data",
+				"/etc/conf.d/*.json",
+			},
+			binds: []string{
+				"shared_volume:/shared_volume",
+				"/home/test/data:/test_data",
+				"/etc/conf.d/base.json:/config/base.json",
+				"sql_data:/sql_data",
+				"/secrets/keys:/keys",
+			},
+			expectedBinds: []string{
+				"shared_volume:/shared_volume",
+				"/home/test/data:/test_data",
+				"/etc/conf.d/base.json:/config/base.json",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
+			logger, _ := test.NewNullLogger()
+			ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger)
+			cr := &containerReference{
+				input: &NewContainerInput{
+					ValidVolumes: tc.validVolumes,
+				},
+			}
+			_, hostConf := cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{Binds: tc.binds})
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expectedBinds, hostConf.Binds)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSanitizeOptionsHostConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := test.NewNullLogger()
+
+	dangerous := func() *container.HostConfig {
+		return &container.HostConfig{
+			PidMode:      "host",
+			IpcMode:      "host",
+			UTSMode:      "host",
+			CgroupnsMode: "host",
+			UsernsMode:   "host",
+			CapAdd:       []string{"ALL"},
+			SecurityOpt:  []string{"seccomp=unconfined", "apparmor=unconfined"},
+			VolumesFrom:  []string{"other"},
+			Runtime:      "runc",
+			Resources: container.Resources{
+				CgroupParent:      "/custom",
+				Devices:           []container.DeviceMapping{{PathOnHost: "/dev/sda", PathInContainer: "/dev/sda", CgroupPermissions: "rwm"}},
+				DeviceCgroupRules: []string{"a *:* rwm"},
+			},
+			Sysctls: map[string]string{"net.ipv4.ip_forward": "1"},
+		}
+	}
+
+	hostConfig := dangerous()
+	sanitizeOptionsHostConfig(logger, hostConfig)
+
+	assert.Empty(t, string(hostConfig.PidMode))
+	assert.Empty(t, string(hostConfig.IpcMode))
+	assert.Empty(t, string(hostConfig.UTSMode))
+	assert.Empty(t, string(hostConfig.CgroupnsMode))
+	assert.Empty(t, string(hostConfig.UsernsMode))
+	assert.Empty(t, hostConfig.CapAdd)
+	assert.Empty(t, hostConfig.SecurityOpt)
+	assert.Empty(t, hostConfig.Devices)
+	assert.Empty(t, hostConfig.DeviceCgroupRules)
+	assert.Empty(t, hostConfig.VolumesFrom)
+	assert.Empty(t, hostConfig.Runtime)
+	assert.Empty(t, hostConfig.CgroupParent)
+	assert.Empty(t, hostConfig.Sysctls)
+}
+
+func TestMergeContainerConfigsStripsDangerousOptionsWhenUnprivileged(t *testing.T) {
+	// OS-independent options only: --device parsing requires a linux/windows
+	// server OS, which is not guaranteed for the test host.
+	const dangerousOptions = "--pid=host --ipc=host --uts=host --cgroupns=host " +
+		"--userns=host --cap-add=ALL --security-opt seccomp=unconfined " +
+		"--security-opt apparmor=unconfined --volumes-from other " +
+		"--runtime runc --cgroup-parent /custom --sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1"
+
+	t.Run("unprivileged strips host-escape options", func(t *testing.T) {
+		logger, _ := test.NewNullLogger()
+		ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger)
+		cr := &containerReference{
+			input: &NewContainerInput{
+				Options:     dangerousOptions,
+				NetworkMode: "bridge",
+				UsernsMode:  "private",
+			},
+		}
+
+		_, hostConfig, err := cr.mergeContainerConfigs(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+			Privileged:  false,
+			UsernsMode:  container.UsernsMode("private"),
+			NetworkMode: container.NetworkMode("bridge"),
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.False(t, hostConfig.Privileged)
+		assert.Empty(t, string(hostConfig.PidMode))
+		assert.Empty(t, string(hostConfig.IpcMode))
+		assert.Empty(t, string(hostConfig.UTSMode))
+		assert.Empty(t, string(hostConfig.CgroupnsMode))
+		// UsernsMode must keep the runner-controlled value, not the one from options.
+		assert.Equal(t, "private", string(hostConfig.UsernsMode))
+		assert.Empty(t, hostConfig.CapAdd)
+		assert.Empty(t, hostConfig.SecurityOpt)
+		assert.Empty(t, hostConfig.VolumesFrom)
+		assert.Empty(t, hostConfig.Runtime)
+		assert.Empty(t, hostConfig.CgroupParent)
+		assert.Empty(t, hostConfig.Sysctls)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("privileged preserves options", func(t *testing.T) {
+		logger, _ := test.NewNullLogger()
+		ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger)
+		cr := &containerReference{
+			input: &NewContainerInput{
+				Options:     "--pid=host --cap-add=ALL --security-opt seccomp=unconfined",
+				NetworkMode: "bridge",
+			},
+		}
+
+		_, hostConfig, err := cr.mergeContainerConfigs(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+			Privileged:  true,
+			NetworkMode: container.NetworkMode("bridge"),
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "host", string(hostConfig.PidMode))
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"ALL"}, hostConfig.CapAdd)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"seccomp=unconfined"}, hostConfig.SecurityOpt)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestCheckVolumesRejectsEscapingHostPaths(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := test.NewNullLogger()
+	ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger)
+
+	base := t.TempDir()
+	allowed := filepath.Join(base, "allowed")
+	denied := filepath.Join(base, "denied")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(allowed, 0o700))
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(denied, 0o700))
+
+	cr := &containerReference{
+		input: &NewContainerInput{
+			ValidVolumes: []string{filepath.Join(allowed, "**")},
+		},
+	}
+
+	escapingPath := allowed + string(filepath.Separator) + ".." + string(filepath.Separator) + "denied"
+	_, hostConf := cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+		Binds: []string{escapingPath + ":/mnt"},
+	})
+	assert.Empty(t, hostConf.Binds)
+
+	linkPath := filepath.Join(allowed, "link")
+	if err := os.Symlink(denied, linkPath); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("cannot create symlink: %v", err)
+	}
+	_, hostConf = cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+		Binds: []string{linkPath + ":/mnt"},
+	})
+	assert.Empty(t, hostConf.Binds)
+
+	_, hostConf = cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+		Binds: []string{filepath.Join(linkPath, "missing") + ":/mnt"},
+	})
+	assert.Empty(t, hostConf.Binds)
+}
+
+func TestContainerInfoFromInspect(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("reports no healthcheck when the image declares none", func(t *testing.T) {
+		info := containerInfoFromInspect(container.InspectResponse{
+			ID:    "abc123",
+			State: &container.State{Status: "running", Running: true},
+		})
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "abc123", info.ID)
+		assert.Equal(t, "running", info.State)
+		assert.Equal(t, HealthNone, info.Health)
+		assert.Empty(t, info.Ports)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("reports the health status and the last probe output", func(t *testing.T) {
+		info := containerInfoFromInspect(container.InspectResponse{
+			State: &container.State{
+				Status: "running",
+				Health: &container.Health{
+					Status: container.Unhealthy,
+					Log: []*container.HealthcheckResult{
+						{Output: "first\n"},
+						{Output: "connection refused\n"},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		})
+
+		assert.Equal(t, HealthUnhealthy, info.Health)
+		assert.Equal(t, "connection refused", info.HealthOutput)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("reports the published ports", func(t *testing.T) {
+		info := containerInfoFromInspect(container.InspectResponse{
+			State: &container.State{Status: "running"},
+			NetworkSettings: &container.NetworkSettings{
+				Ports: network.PortMap{
+					network.MustParsePort("5432/tcp"): []network.PortBinding{{HostPort: "49153"}},
+					network.MustParsePort("6379/tcp"): nil,
+				},
+			},
+		})
+
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"5432": "49153"}, info.Ports)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("tolerates a container without state", func(t *testing.T) {
+		info := containerInfoFromInspect(container.InspectResponse{ID: "abc123"})
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "abc123", info.ID)
+		assert.Equal(t, HealthNone, info.Health)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestMergeContainerConfigsVolumesReplaceRunnerMounts(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := test.NewNullLogger()
+	ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger)
+	cr := &containerReference{
+		input: &NewContainerInput{
+			NetworkMode: "bridge",
+			Options:     "--volume /host/tools:/opt/hostedtoolcache",
+		},
+	}
+
+	_, hostConf, err := cr.mergeContainerConfigs(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+		Binds:  []string{"/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock"},
+		Mounts: []mount.Mount{{Type: mount.TypeVolume, Source: "act-toolcache", Target: "/opt/hostedtoolcache"}},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock", "/host/tools:/opt/hostedtoolcache"}, hostConf.Binds)
+	assert.Empty(t, hostConf.Mounts)
+}

internal/act/container/docker_socket.go

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2024 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+var CommonSocketLocations = []string{
+	"/var/run/docker.sock",
+	"/run/podman/podman.sock",
+	"$HOME/.colima/docker.sock",
+	"$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/docker.sock",
+	"$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/podman/podman.sock",
+	`\\.\pipe\docker_engine`,
+	"$HOME/.docker/run/docker.sock",
+}
+
+// returns socket URI or false if not found any
+func socketLocation() (string, bool) {
+	if dockerHost, exists := os.LookupEnv("DOCKER_HOST"); exists {
+		return dockerHost, true
+	}
+
+	for _, p := range CommonSocketLocations {
+		if _, err := os.Lstat(os.ExpandEnv(p)); err == nil {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(p, `\\.\`) {
+				return "npipe://" + filepath.ToSlash(os.ExpandEnv(p)), true
+			}
+			return "unix://" + filepath.ToSlash(os.ExpandEnv(p)), true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", false
+}
+
+// This function, `isDockerHostURI`, takes a string argument `daemonPath`. It checks if the
+// `daemonPath` is a valid Docker host URI. It does this by checking if the scheme of the URI (the
+// part before "://") contains only alphabetic characters. If it does, the function returns true,
+// indicating that the `daemonPath` is a Docker host URI. If it doesn't, or if the "://" delimiter
+// is not found in the `daemonPath`, the function returns false.
+func isDockerHostURI(daemonPath string) bool {
+	if before, _, ok := strings.Cut(daemonPath, "://"); ok {
+		scheme := before
+		if strings.IndexFunc(scheme, func(r rune) bool {
+			return (r < 'a' || r > 'z') && (r < 'A' || r > 'Z')
+		}) == -1 {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+type SocketAndHost struct {
+	Socket string
+	Host   string
+}
+
+func GetSocketAndHost(containerSocket string) (SocketAndHost, error) {
+	log.Debugf("Handling container host and socket")
+
+	// Prefer DOCKER_HOST, don't override it
+	dockerHost, hasDockerHost := socketLocation()
+	socketHost := SocketAndHost{Socket: containerSocket, Host: dockerHost}
+
+	// ** socketHost.Socket cases **
+	// Case 1: User does _not_ want to mount a daemon socket (passes a dash)
+	// Case 2: User passes a filepath to the socket; is that even valid?
+	// Case 3: User passes a valid socket; do nothing
+	// Case 4: User omitted the flag; set a sane default
+
+	// ** DOCKER_HOST cases **
+	// Case A: DOCKER_HOST is set; use it, i.e. do nothing
+	// Case B: DOCKER_HOST is empty; use sane defaults
+
+	// Set host for sanity's sake, when the socket isn't useful
+	if !hasDockerHost && (socketHost.Socket == "-" || !isDockerHostURI(socketHost.Socket) || socketHost.Socket == "") {
+		// Cases: 1B, 2B, 4B
+		socket, found := socketLocation()
+		socketHost.Host = socket
+		hasDockerHost = found
+	}
+
+	// A - (dash) in socketHost.Socket means don't mount, preserve this value
+	// otherwise if socketHost.Socket is a filepath don't use it as socket
+	// Exit early if we're in an invalid state (e.g. when no DOCKER_HOST and user supplied "-", a dash or omitted)
+	if !hasDockerHost && socketHost.Socket != "" && !isDockerHostURI(socketHost.Socket) {
+		// Cases: 1B, 2B
+		// Should we early-exit here, since there is no host nor socket to talk to?
+		return SocketAndHost{}, fmt.Errorf("DOCKER_HOST was not set, couldn't be found in the usual locations, and the container daemon socket ('%s') is invalid", socketHost.Socket)
+	}
+
+	// Default to DOCKER_HOST if set
+	if socketHost.Socket == "" && hasDockerHost {
+		// Cases: 4A
+		log.Debugf("Defaulting container socket to DOCKER_HOST")
+		socketHost.Socket = socketHost.Host
+	}
+	// Set sane default socket location if user omitted it
+	if socketHost.Socket == "" {
+		// Cases: 4B
+		socket, _ := socketLocation()
+		// socket is empty if it isn't found, so assignment here is at worst a no-op
+		log.Debugf("Defaulting container socket to default '%s'", socket)
+		socketHost.Socket = socket
+	}
+
+	// Exit if both the DOCKER_HOST and socket are fulfilled
+	if hasDockerHost {
+		// Cases: 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A
+		if !isDockerHostURI(socketHost.Socket) {
+			// Cases: 1A, 2A
+			log.Debugf("DOCKER_HOST is set, but socket is invalid '%s'", socketHost.Socket)
+		}
+		return socketHost, nil
+	}
+
+	// Set a sane DOCKER_HOST default if we can
+	if isDockerHostURI(socketHost.Socket) {
+		// Cases: 3B
+		log.Debugf("Setting DOCKER_HOST to container socket '%s'", socketHost.Socket)
+		socketHost.Host = socketHost.Socket
+		// Both DOCKER_HOST and container socket are valid; short-circuit exit
+		return socketHost, nil
+	}
+
+	// Here there is no DOCKER_HOST _and_ the supplied container socket is not a valid URI (either invalid or a file path)
+	// Cases: 2B <- but is already handled at the top
+	// I.e. this path should never be taken
+	return SocketAndHost{}, fmt.Errorf("no DOCKER_HOST and an invalid container socket '%s'", socketHost.Socket)
+}

internal/act/container/docker_socket_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2024 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	assert "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+}
+
+var originalCommonSocketLocations = CommonSocketLocations
+
+func isolateSocketEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { CommonSocketLocations = originalCommonSocketLocations })
+	if host, ok := os.LookupEnv("DOCKER_HOST"); ok {
+		t.Setenv("DOCKER_HOST", host)
+	} else {
+		t.Cleanup(func() { os.Unsetenv("DOCKER_HOST") })
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetSocketAndHostWithSocket(t *testing.T) {
+	// Arrange
+	isolateSocketEnv(t)
+	dockerHost := "unix:///my/docker/host.sock"
+	socketURI := "/path/to/my.socket"
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_HOST", dockerHost)
+
+	// Act
+	ret, err := GetSocketAndHost(socketURI)
+
+	// Assert
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, SocketAndHost{socketURI, dockerHost}, ret)
+}
+
+func TestGetSocketAndHostNoSocket(t *testing.T) {
+	// Arrange
+	dockerHost := "unix:///my/docker/host.sock"
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_HOST", dockerHost)
+
+	// Act
+	ret, err := GetSocketAndHost("")
+
+	// Assert
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, SocketAndHost{dockerHost, dockerHost}, ret)
+}
+
+func TestGetSocketAndHostOnlySocket(t *testing.T) {
+	// Arrange
+	isolateSocketEnv(t)
+	socketURI := "/path/to/my.socket"
+	os.Unsetenv("DOCKER_HOST")
+	defaultSocket, defaultSocketFound := socketLocation()
+
+	// Act
+	ret, err := GetSocketAndHost(socketURI)
+
+	// Assert
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "Expected no error from GetSocketAndHost") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.True(t, defaultSocketFound, "Expected to find default socket")
+	assert.Equal(t, socketURI, ret.Socket, "Expected socket to match common location")
+	assert.Equal(t, defaultSocket, ret.Host, "Expected ret.Host to match default socket location")
+}
+
+func TestGetSocketAndHostDontMount(t *testing.T) {
+	// Arrange
+	isolateSocketEnv(t)
+	dockerHost := "unix:///my/docker/host.sock"
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_HOST", dockerHost)
+
+	// Act
+	ret, err := GetSocketAndHost("-")
+
+	// Assert
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, SocketAndHost{"-", dockerHost}, ret)
+}
+
+func TestGetSocketAndHostNoHostNoSocket(t *testing.T) {
+	// Arrange
+	isolateSocketEnv(t)
+	os.Unsetenv("DOCKER_HOST")
+	defaultSocket, found := socketLocation()
+
+	// Act
+	ret, err := GetSocketAndHost("")
+
+	// Assert
+	assert.True(t, found, "Expected a default socket to be found")
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "Expected no error from GetSocketAndHost") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, SocketAndHost{defaultSocket, defaultSocket}, ret, "Expected to match default socket location")
+}
+
+// Catch
+// > Your code breaks setting DOCKER_HOST if shouldMount is false.
+// > This happens if neither DOCKER_HOST nor --container-daemon-socket has a value, but socketLocation() returns a URI
+func TestGetSocketAndHostNoHostNoSocketDefaultLocation(t *testing.T) {
+	// Arrange
+	isolateSocketEnv(t)
+	mySocketFile, tmpErr := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), "act-*.sock")
+	mySocket := mySocketFile.Name()
+	unixSocket := "unix://" + mySocket
+	defer os.RemoveAll(mySocket)
+	assert.NoError(t, tmpErr) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	os.Unsetenv("DOCKER_HOST")
+
+	CommonSocketLocations = []string{mySocket}
+	defaultSocket, found := socketLocation()
+
+	// Act
+	ret, err := GetSocketAndHost("")
+
+	// Assert
+	assert.Equal(t, unixSocket, defaultSocket, "Expected default socket to match common socket location")
+	assert.True(t, found, "Expected default socket to be found")
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "Expected no error from GetSocketAndHost") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, SocketAndHost{unixSocket, unixSocket}, ret, "Expected to match default socket location")
+}
+
+func TestGetSocketAndHostNoHostInvalidSocket(t *testing.T) {
+	// Arrange
+	isolateSocketEnv(t)
+	os.Unsetenv("DOCKER_HOST")
+	mySocket := "/my/socket/path.sock"
+	CommonSocketLocations = []string{"/unusual", "/socket", "/location"}
+	defaultSocket, found := socketLocation()
+
+	// Act
+	ret, err := GetSocketAndHost(mySocket)
+
+	// Assert
+	assert.False(t, found, "Expected no default socket to be found")
+	assert.Equal(t, "", defaultSocket, "Expected no default socket to be found") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, SocketAndHost{}, ret, "Expected to match default socket location")
+	assert.Error(t, err, "Expected an error in invalid state")
+}
+
+func TestGetSocketAndHostOnlySocketValidButUnusualLocation(t *testing.T) {
+	// Arrange
+	isolateSocketEnv(t)
+	socketURI := "unix:///path/to/my.socket"
+	CommonSocketLocations = []string{"/unusual", "/location"}
+	os.Unsetenv("DOCKER_HOST")
+	defaultSocket, found := socketLocation()
+
+	// Act
+	ret, err := GetSocketAndHost(socketURI)
+
+	// Assert
+	// Default socket locations
+	assert.Equal(t, "", defaultSocket, "Expect default socket location to be empty") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.False(t, found, "Expected no default socket to be found")
+	// Sane default
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "Expect no error from GetSocketAndHost") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, socketURI, ret.Host, "Expect host to default to unusual socket")
+}

internal/act/container/docker_stub.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2023 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd)
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"runtime"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/system"
+)
+
+// ImageExistsLocally returns a boolean indicating if an image with the
+// requested name, tag and architecture exists in the local docker image store
+func ImageExistsLocally(ctx context.Context, imageName, platform string) (bool, error) {
+	return false, errors.New("Unsupported Operation")
+}
+
+// RemoveImage removes image from local store, the function is used to run different
+// container image architectures
+func RemoveImage(ctx context.Context, imageName string, force, pruneChildren bool) (bool, error) {
+	return false, errors.New("Unsupported Operation")
+}
+
+// NewDockerBuildExecutor function to create a run executor for the container
+func NewDockerBuildExecutor(input NewDockerBuildExecutorInput) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return errors.New("Unsupported Operation")
+	}
+}
+
+// NewDockerPullExecutor function to create a run executor for the container
+func NewDockerPullExecutor(input NewDockerPullExecutorInput) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return errors.New("Unsupported Operation")
+	}
+}
+
+// NewContainer creates a reference to a container
+func NewContainer(input *NewContainerInput) ExecutionsEnvironment {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func RunnerArch(ctx context.Context) string {
+	return runtime.GOOS
+}
+
+func GetHostInfo(ctx context.Context) (info system.Info, err error) {
+	return system.Info{}, nil
+}
+
+func NewDockerVolumeRemoveExecutor(volume string, force bool) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func NewDockerNetworkCreateExecutor(name string, opts NewDockerNetworkCreateExecutorInput) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func NewDockerNetworkRemoveExecutor(name string) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func RemoveOrphanNetworks(ctx context.Context, runnerUUID string, createdBefore time.Time) error {
+	return nil
+}

internal/act/container/docker_volume.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd))
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	"github.com/moby/moby/client"
+)
+
+func NewDockerVolumeRemoveExecutor(volumeName string, force bool) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		cli, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer cli.Close()
+
+		list, err := cli.VolumeList(ctx, client.VolumeListOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		for _, vol := range list.Items {
+			if vol.Name == volumeName {
+				return removeExecutor(volumeName, force)(ctx)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Volume not found - do nothing
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func removeExecutor(volume string, force bool) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+		logger.Debugf("docker volume rm %s", volume)
+
+		if common.Dryrun(ctx) {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		cli, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer cli.Close()
+
+		_, err = cli.VolumeRemove(ctx, volume, client.VolumeRemoveOptions{Force: force})
+		return err
+	}
+}

internal/act/container/executions_environment.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import "context"
+
+type ExecutionsEnvironment interface {
+	Container
+	ToContainerPath(string) string
+	GetActPath() string
+	GetPathVariableName() string
+	DefaultPathVariable() string
+	JoinPathVariable(...string) string
+	GetRunnerContext(ctx context.Context) map[string]any
+	// On windows PATH and Path are the same key
+	IsEnvironmentCaseInsensitive() bool
+}

internal/act/container/helpers_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	mobyclient "github.com/moby/moby/client"
+)
+
+// requireDocker skips the test unless a reachable docker daemon is available.
+// GetDockerClient succeeds even without a running daemon (its ping is best-effort),
+// so the daemon has to be pinged explicitly here to decide whether to skip.
+func requireDocker(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	cli, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("skipping: docker client unavailable: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer cli.Close()
+	if _, err := cli.Ping(ctx, mobyclient.PingOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("skipping: docker daemon unreachable: %v", err)
+	}
+}

internal/act/container/host_environment.go

@@ -0,0 +1,719 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/filecollector"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/lookpath"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/pkg/process"
+
+	"github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5/helper/polyfill"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5/osfs"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/gitignore"
+	"golang.org/x/term"
+)
+
+type HostEnvironment struct {
+	Path      string
+	TmpDir    string
+	ToolCache string
+	Workdir   string
+	// CleanWorkdir means teardown owns Workdir and may delete it. Leave false
+	// when Workdir points at a caller-owned checkout (e.g. `act` local mode).
+	CleanWorkdir bool
+	ActPath      string
+	CleanUp      func()
+	StdOut       io.Writer
+	AllocatePTY  bool // allocate a pseudo-TTY for each step's process
+
+	// procGroup owns every process the job's steps start. Atomic: Remove may read
+	// it while a step is still starting.
+	procGroupOnce sync.Once
+	procGroup     atomic.Pointer[process.Group]
+}
+
+// processGroup returns the job-scoped process group, creating it on first use.
+// Returns nil if the job object could not be created; Group is nil-safe.
+func (e *HostEnvironment) processGroup(ctx context.Context) *process.Group {
+	e.procGroupOnce.Do(func() {
+		group, err := process.NewGroup()
+		if err != nil {
+			common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("could not create the job's process group; processes a step leaves behind can only be reclaimed by the workspace scan: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		e.procGroup.Store(group)
+	})
+	return e.procGroup.Load()
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) Create(_, _ []string) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) ConnectToNetwork(name string) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) Close() common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) Copy(destPath string, files ...*FileEntry) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		for _, f := range files {
+			if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(filepath.Join(destPath, f.Name)), 0o777); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(destPath, f.Name), []byte(f.Body), fs.FileMode(f.Mode)); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) CopyTarStream(ctx context.Context, destPath string, tarStream io.Reader) error {
+	if err := os.RemoveAll(destPath); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	tr := tar.NewReader(tarStream)
+	cp := &filecollector.CopyCollector{
+		DstDir: destPath,
+	}
+	for {
+		ti, err := tr.Next()
+		if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			return nil
+		} else if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if ti.FileInfo().IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return errors.New("CopyTarStream has been cancelled")
+		}
+		if err := cp.WriteFile(ti.Name, ti.FileInfo(), ti.Linkname, tr); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) CopyDir(destPath, srcPath string, useGitIgnore bool) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+		srcPrefix := filepath.Dir(srcPath)
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(srcPrefix, string(filepath.Separator)) {
+			srcPrefix += string(filepath.Separator)
+		}
+		logger.Debugf("Stripping prefix:%s src:%s", srcPrefix, srcPath)
+		var ignorer gitignore.Matcher
+		if useGitIgnore {
+			ps, err := gitignore.ReadPatterns(polyfill.New(osfs.New(srcPath)), nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.Debugf("Error loading .gitignore: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			ignorer = gitignore.NewMatcher(ps)
+		}
+		fc := &filecollector.FileCollector{
+			Fs:        &filecollector.DefaultFs{},
+			Ignorer:   ignorer,
+			SrcPath:   srcPath,
+			SrcPrefix: srcPrefix,
+			Handler: &filecollector.CopyCollector{
+				DstDir: destPath,
+			},
+		}
+		return filepath.Walk(srcPath, fc.CollectFiles(ctx, []string{}))
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) DumpLogs(_ context.Context) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) Inspect(_ context.Context) (*Info, error) {
+	return &Info{Health: HealthNone, Ports: map[string]string{}}, nil
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) GetContainerArchive(ctx context.Context, srcPath string) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	tw := tar.NewWriter(buf)
+	defer tw.Close()
+	srcPath = filepath.Clean(srcPath)
+	fi, err := os.Lstat(srcPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	tc := &filecollector.TarCollector{
+		TarWriter: tw,
+	}
+	if fi.IsDir() {
+		srcPrefix := srcPath
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(srcPrefix, string(filepath.Separator)) {
+			srcPrefix += string(filepath.Separator)
+		}
+		fc := &filecollector.FileCollector{
+			Fs:        &filecollector.DefaultFs{},
+			SrcPath:   srcPath,
+			SrcPrefix: srcPrefix,
+			Handler:   tc,
+		}
+		err = filepath.Walk(srcPath, fc.CollectFiles(ctx, []string{}))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	} else {
+		var f io.ReadCloser
+		var linkname string
+		if fi.Mode()&fs.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+			linkname, err = os.Readlink(srcPath)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		} else {
+			f, err = os.Open(srcPath)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			defer f.Close()
+		}
+		err := tc.WriteFile(fi.Name(), fi, linkname, f)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return io.NopCloser(buf), nil
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) Pull(_ bool) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) Start(_ bool) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+type ptyWriter struct {
+	Out       io.Writer
+	AutoStop  atomic.Bool
+	dirtyLine bool
+}
+
+func (w *ptyWriter) Write(buf []byte) (int, error) {
+	if w.AutoStop.Load() && len(buf) > 0 && buf[len(buf)-1] == 4 {
+		n, err := w.Out.Write(buf[:len(buf)-1])
+		if err != nil {
+			return n, err
+		}
+		if w.dirtyLine || len(buf) > 1 && buf[len(buf)-2] != '\n' {
+			_, _ = w.Out.Write([]byte("\n"))
+			return n, io.EOF
+		}
+		return n, io.EOF
+	}
+	w.dirtyLine = strings.LastIndex(string(buf), "\n") < len(buf)-1
+	return w.Out.Write(buf)
+}
+
+type localEnv struct {
+	env map[string]string
+}
+
+func (l *localEnv) Getenv(name string) string {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		for k, v := range l.env {
+			if strings.EqualFold(name, k) {
+				return v
+			}
+		}
+		return ""
+	}
+	return l.env[name]
+}
+
+func lookupPathHost(cmd string, env map[string]string, writer io.Writer) (string, error) {
+	f, err := lookpath.LookPath2(cmd, &localEnv{env: env})
+	if err != nil {
+		err := "Cannot find: " + cmd + " in PATH"
+		if _, _err := writer.Write([]byte(err + "\n")); _err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("%v: %w", err, _err)
+		}
+		return "", errors.New(err)
+	}
+	return f, nil
+}
+
+func setupPty(cmd *exec.Cmd, cmdline string) (*os.File, *os.File, error) {
+	ppty, tty, err := openPty()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if term.IsTerminal(int(tty.Fd())) {
+		_, err := term.MakeRaw(int(tty.Fd()))
+		if err != nil {
+			ppty.Close()
+			tty.Close()
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	cmd.Stdin = tty
+	cmd.Stdout = tty
+	cmd.Stderr = tty
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = process.SysProcAttr(cmdline, true)
+	return ppty, tty, nil
+}
+
+func writeKeepAlive(ppty io.Writer) {
+	c := 1
+	var err error
+	for c == 1 && err == nil {
+		c, err = ppty.Write([]byte{4})
+		<-time.After(time.Second)
+	}
+}
+
+func copyPtyOutput(writer io.Writer, ppty io.Reader, finishLog context.CancelFunc) {
+	defer func() {
+		finishLog()
+	}()
+	if _, err := io.Copy(writer, ppty); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) UpdateFromImageEnv(_ *map[string]string) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func getEnvListFromMap(env map[string]string) []string {
+	envList := make([]string, 0)
+	for k, v := range env {
+		envList = append(envList, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", k, v))
+	}
+	return envList
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) exec(ctx context.Context, command []string, cmdline string, env map[string]string, _, workdir string) error {
+	envList := getEnvListFromMap(env)
+	var wd string
+	if workdir != "" {
+		if filepath.IsAbs(workdir) {
+			wd = workdir
+		} else {
+			wd = filepath.Join(e.Path, workdir)
+		}
+	} else {
+		wd = e.Path
+	}
+	// Flush any buffered, not-yet-newline-terminated trailing line, as the docker backend
+	// does in waitForCommand, so the final line of a command's output is not lost.
+	defer common.FlushWriter(e.StdOut)
+
+	f, err := lookupPathHost(command[0], env, e.StdOut)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, f)
+	cmd.Path = f
+	cmd.Args = command
+	cmd.Stdin = nil
+	cmd.Stdout = e.StdOut
+	cmd.Env = envList
+	cmd.Stderr = e.StdOut
+	cmd.Dir = wd
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = process.SysProcAttr(cmdline, false)
+
+	// Kills the step's whole tree on cancellation and bounds the post-exit I/O
+	// wait, so an orphan holding cmd's stdout pipe cannot hang cmd.Wait().
+	treeKill := process.NewTreeKill(cmd)
+
+	var ppty *os.File
+	var tty *os.File
+	defer func() {
+		if ppty != nil {
+			ppty.Close()
+		}
+		if tty != nil {
+			tty.Close()
+		}
+	}()
+	if e.AllocatePTY {
+		var err error
+		ppty, tty, err = setupPty(cmd, cmdline)
+		if err != nil {
+			common.Logger(ctx).Debugf("Failed to setup Pty %v\n", err.Error())
+		}
+	}
+	var writer *ptyWriter
+	var logctx context.Context
+	if ppty != nil {
+		writer = &ptyWriter{Out: e.StdOut}
+		var finishLog context.CancelFunc
+		logctx, finishLog = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		go copyPtyOutput(writer, ppty, finishLog)
+		go writeKeepAlive(ppty)
+	}
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Assign before the step's Killer so the step's job nests inside the group's;
+	// cancellation still scopes to this step's tree.
+	if err := e.processGroup(ctx).Assign(cmd.Process); err != nil {
+		common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("could not assign the step's process to the job's process group; a process it leaves behind may outlive the job: %v", err)
+	}
+	if k, kerr := treeKill.Capture(cmd.Process); kerr != nil {
+		common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("process tree kill setup failed, falling back to single-process kill: %v", kerr)
+	} else {
+		defer k.Close()
+	}
+	err = cmd.Wait()
+	if err != nil {
+		var exitErr *exec.ExitError
+		if errors.As(err, &exitErr) {
+			return ExitCodeError(exitErr.ExitCode())
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	if tty != nil {
+		writer.AutoStop.Store(true)
+		if _, err := tty.WriteString("\x04"); err != nil {
+			common.Logger(ctx).Debug("Failed to write EOT")
+		}
+		<-logctx.Done()
+		ppty.Close()
+		ppty = nil
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) Exec(command []string /*cmdline string, */, env map[string]string, user, workdir string) common.Executor {
+	return e.ExecWithCmdLine(command, "", env, user, workdir)
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) ExecWithCmdLine(command []string, cmdline string, env map[string]string, user, workdir string) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		if err := e.exec(ctx, command, cmdline, env, user, workdir); err != nil {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return fmt.Errorf("this step has been cancelled: %w", err)
+			default:
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) UpdateFromEnv(srcPath string, env *map[string]string) common.Executor {
+	return parseEnvFile(e, srcPath, env)
+}
+
+// removeAll is a var so tests can substitute a blocking stub.
+var removeAll = os.RemoveAll
+
+// removeAllWithContext returns once the delete finishes or ctx is cancelled. On
+// cancellation the goroutine leaks: a delete inside a syscall cannot be
+// interrupted (see runWithTimeout).
+func removeAllWithContext(ctx context.Context, path string) error {
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- removeAll(path) }()
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		return err
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+}
+
+func removePathWithRetry(ctx context.Context, path string) error {
+	if path == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	attempts := 1
+	delay := time.Duration(0)
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		attempts = 5
+		delay = 200 * time.Millisecond
+	}
+	var lastErr error
+	for i := 0; i < attempts; i++ {
+		if i > 0 {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return ctx.Err()
+			case <-time.After(delay):
+			}
+		}
+		lastErr = removeAllWithContext(ctx, path)
+		if lastErr == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if errors.Is(lastErr, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+			return lastErr
+		}
+	}
+	return lastErr
+}
+
+// buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript builds a PowerShell command that taskkills
+// every process tree whose ExecutablePath or CommandLine references one of the
+// given workspace dirs, releasing file handles for cleanup. Win32_Process
+// exposes both fields (Get-Process doesn't, wmic is deprecated); matching is on
+// the dir+separator prefix via ordinal String methods, so a name-prefix sibling
+// (job1 vs job10) is spared and path metacharacters stay literal.
+func buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript(dirs []string) string {
+	quoted := make([]string, len(dirs))
+	for i, d := range dirs {
+		// Single-quoted PowerShell literal; escape ' by doubling it.
+		quoted[i] = "'" + strings.ReplaceAll(d, "'", "''") + "'"
+	}
+
+	return `$paths = @(` + strings.Join(quoted, ",") + `)
+$selfPid = $PID
+Get-CimInstance Win32_Process -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Where-Object {
+    if ($_.ProcessId -eq $selfPid) { return $false }
+    foreach ($p in $paths) {
+        $prefix = $p + '\'
+        if ($_.ExecutablePath -and $_.ExecutablePath.StartsWith($prefix, [System.StringComparison]::OrdinalIgnoreCase)) { return $true }
+        if ($_.CommandLine -and $_.CommandLine.IndexOf($prefix, [System.StringComparison]::OrdinalIgnoreCase) -ge 0) { return $true }
+    }
+    return $false
+} | ForEach-Object {
+    & taskkill.exe /PID $_.ProcessId /T /F 2>$null | Out-Null
+}
+`
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) terminateRunningProcesses(ctx context.Context) {
+	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Detached: exec.CommandContext won't start on a cancelled ctx, and a
+	// server cancel has already cancelled the parent ctx.
+	killCtx, killCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+	defer killCancel()
+
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+
+	// Dirs we own; a process referencing one is a leftover. ToolCache is shared
+	// across jobs, and Workdir may be a caller-owned checkout.
+	owned := []string{e.Path, e.TmpDir}
+	if e.CleanWorkdir {
+		owned = append(owned, e.Workdir)
+	}
+	dirs := make([]string, 0, len(owned))
+	for _, d := range owned {
+		if d == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		abs, err := filepath.Abs(d)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		dirs = append(dirs, abs)
+	}
+	if len(dirs) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	script := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript(dirs)
+
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(killCtx, "powershell.exe", "-NoProfile", "-NonInteractive", "-Command", script)
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Debugf("workspace process-tree kill via PowerShell failed: %v output=%s", err, strings.TrimSpace(string(out)))
+	}
+
+	// Win32_Process exposes no working directory, so the scan above misses a
+	// process that merely runs in a workspace dir while pinning a handle on it.
+	if killed, err := process.KillProcessesWithCWDUnder(killCtx, dirs); err != nil {
+		logger.Debugf("workspace process kill by working directory reported errors: %v", err)
+	} else if killed > 0 {
+		logger.Debugf("terminated %d leftover process(es) by workspace working directory", killed)
+	}
+}
+
+// hostCleanupTimeout bounds each teardown phase so one stalled delete cannot
+// wedge the runner slot. A var so tests can shrink it.
+var hostCleanupTimeout = 30 * time.Second
+
+// runWithTimeout returns context.DeadlineExceeded once timeout elapses, leaking
+// the goroutine: a delete blocked in a syscall (AV filter driver, dead network
+// mount) cannot be interrupted, and leaking scratch state beats losing the
+// runner's capacity slot forever. The idle stale-dir sweep reclaims it later.
+func runWithTimeout(fn func(), timeout time.Duration) error {
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(done)
+		fn()
+	}()
+	timer := time.NewTimer(timeout)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		return nil
+	case <-timer.C:
+		return context.DeadlineExceeded
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) Remove() common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+
+		// End lingering processes before removing the workspace; on Windows their
+		// file locks block cleanup. Closing the group is deterministic, the scan a net.
+		if err := e.procGroup.Load().Close(); err != nil {
+			logger.Debugf("closing the job's process group failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		e.terminateRunningProcesses(ctx)
+
+		// Removes per-job misc state only, never the toolcache root. Bounded because
+		// CleanUp is a caller-supplied, typically unbounded os.RemoveAll.
+		if e.CleanUp != nil {
+			logger.Debugf("running host environment cleanup callback")
+			if err := runWithTimeout(e.CleanUp, hostCleanupTimeout); err != nil {
+				logger.Warnf("host environment cleanup did not finish within %s; continuing job completion, scratch state may be leaked and is reclaimed by the idle stale-dir sweep", hostCleanupTimeout)
+			} else {
+				logger.Debugf("host environment cleanup callback finished")
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Detach: a cancelled ctx would skip removePathWithRetry's retries,
+		// which absorb Windows file-handle release lag after the kill above.
+		rmCtx, rmCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), hostCleanupTimeout)
+		defer rmCancel()
+
+		var errs []error
+		if err := removePathWithRetry(rmCtx, e.Path); err != nil {
+			logger.Warnf("failed to remove host misc state %s: %v", e.Path, err)
+			errs = append(errs, err)
+		}
+		if e.CleanWorkdir {
+			if err := removePathWithRetry(rmCtx, e.Workdir); err != nil {
+				logger.Warnf("failed to remove host workspace %s: %v", e.Workdir, err)
+				errs = append(errs, err)
+			}
+		}
+		for _, err := range errs {
+			if !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+				return errors.Join(errs...)
+			}
+		}
+		// Teardown timed out; warned above. Do not fail job completion over it.
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) ToContainerPath(path string) string {
+	if bp, err := filepath.Rel(e.Workdir, path); err != nil {
+		return filepath.Join(e.Path, bp)
+	} else if filepath.Clean(e.Workdir) == filepath.Clean(path) {
+		return e.Path
+	}
+	return path
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) GetActPath() string {
+	actPath := e.ActPath
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		actPath = strings.ReplaceAll(actPath, "\\", "/")
+	}
+	return actPath
+}
+
+func (*HostEnvironment) GetPathVariableName() string {
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "plan9":
+		return "path"
+	case "windows":
+		return "Path" // Actually we need a case insensitive map
+	}
+	return "PATH"
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) DefaultPathVariable() string {
+	v, _ := os.LookupEnv(e.GetPathVariableName())
+	return v
+}
+
+func (*HostEnvironment) JoinPathVariable(paths ...string) string {
+	return strings.Join(paths, string(filepath.ListSeparator))
+}
+
+// Reference for Arch values for runner.arch
+// https://docs.github.com/en/actions/learn-github-actions/contexts#runner-context
+func goArchToActionArch(arch string) string {
+	archMapper := map[string]string{
+		"x86_64":  "X64",
+		"386":     "X86",
+		"aarch64": "ARM64",
+	}
+	if arch, ok := archMapper[arch]; ok {
+		return arch
+	}
+	return arch
+}
+
+func goOsToActionOs(os string) string {
+	osMapper := map[string]string{
+		"darwin": "macOS",
+	}
+	if os, ok := osMapper[os]; ok {
+		return os
+	}
+	return os
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) GetRunnerContext(_ context.Context) map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"os":         goOsToActionOs(runtime.GOOS),
+		"arch":       goArchToActionArch(runtime.GOARCH),
+		"temp":       e.TmpDir,
+		"tool_cache": e.ToolCache,
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *HostEnvironment) ReplaceLogWriter(stdout, _ io.Writer) (io.Writer, io.Writer) {
+	org := e.StdOut
+	e.StdOut = stdout
+	return org, org
+}
+
+func (*HostEnvironment) IsEnvironmentCaseInsensitive() bool {
+	return runtime.GOOS == "windows"
+}

internal/act/container/host_environment_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// Type assert HostEnvironment implements ExecutionsEnvironment
+var _ ExecutionsEnvironment = &HostEnvironment{}
+
+func TestCopyDir(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	e := &HostEnvironment{
+		Path:      filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
+		TmpDir:    filepath.Join(dir, "tmp"),
+		ToolCache: filepath.Join(dir, "tool_cache"),
+		ActPath:   filepath.Join(dir, "act_path"),
+		StdOut:    os.Stdout,
+		Workdir:   path.Join("testdata", "scratch"),
+	}
+	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.Path, 0o700)
+	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.TmpDir, 0o700)
+	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.ToolCache, 0o700)
+	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.ActPath, 0o700)
+	err := e.CopyDir(e.Workdir, e.Path, true)(ctx)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestGetContainerArchive(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	e := &HostEnvironment{
+		Path:      filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
+		TmpDir:    filepath.Join(dir, "tmp"),
+		ToolCache: filepath.Join(dir, "tool_cache"),
+		ActPath:   filepath.Join(dir, "act_path"),
+		StdOut:    os.Stdout,
+		Workdir:   path.Join("testdata", "scratch"),
+	}
+	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.Path, 0o700)
+	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.TmpDir, 0o700)
+	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.ToolCache, 0o700)
+	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.ActPath, 0o700)
+	expectedContent := []byte("sdde/7sh")
+	err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(e.Path, "action.yml"), expectedContent, 0o600)
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	archive, err := e.GetContainerArchive(ctx, e.Path)
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	defer archive.Close()
+	reader := tar.NewReader(archive)
+	h, err := reader.Next()
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, "action.yml", h.Name)
+	content, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedContent, content)
+	_, err = reader.Next()
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, io.EOF)
+}
+
+func TestHostEnvironmentExecExitCode(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("uses POSIX shell")
+	}
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	e := &HostEnvironment{
+		Path:      filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
+		TmpDir:    filepath.Join(dir, "tmp"),
+		ToolCache: filepath.Join(dir, "tool_cache"),
+		ActPath:   filepath.Join(dir, "act_path"),
+		StdOut:    io.Discard,
+		Workdir:   filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
+	}
+	for _, p := range []string{e.Path, e.TmpDir, e.ToolCache, e.ActPath} {
+		assert.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(p, 0o700)) //nolint:testifylint // test setup
+	}
+
+	err := e.Exec([]string{"sh", "-c", "exit 3"}, map[string]string{"PATH": os.Getenv("PATH")}, "", "")(ctx)
+	var exitErr ExitCodeError
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &exitErr)
+	assert.Equal(t, ExitCodeError(3), exitErr)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Process completed with exit code 3.", err.Error())
+}
+
+func TestHostEnvironmentAllocatePTY(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("uses POSIX shell")
+	}
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name     string
+		allocPTY bool
+		expect   string
+	}{
+		{name: "off", allocPTY: false, expect: "NOTTY"},
+		{name: "on", allocPTY: true, expect: "TTY"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			dir := t.TempDir()
+			buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+			e := &HostEnvironment{
+				Path:        filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
+				TmpDir:      filepath.Join(dir, "tmp"),
+				ToolCache:   filepath.Join(dir, "tool_cache"),
+				ActPath:     filepath.Join(dir, "act_path"),
+				StdOut:      buf,
+				Workdir:     filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
+				AllocatePTY: tc.allocPTY,
+			}
+			for _, p := range []string{e.Path, e.TmpDir, e.ToolCache, e.ActPath} {
+				require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(p, 0o700))
+			}
+
+			err := e.Exec(
+				[]string{"sh", "-c", "[ -t 1 ] && printf TTY || printf NOTTY"},
+				map[string]string{"PATH": os.Getenv("PATH")}, "", "",
+			)(context.Background())
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			got := strings.TrimSpace(strings.ReplaceAll(buf.String(), "\r", ""))
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expect, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHostEnvironmentRemovePreservesWorkdirByDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := logrus.New()
+	ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logrus.NewEntry(logger))
+	base := t.TempDir()
+	miscRoot := filepath.Join(base, "misc")
+	path := filepath.Join(miscRoot, "hostexecutor")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(path, 0o700))
+	workdir := filepath.Join(base, "workspace", "owner", "repo")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(workdir, 0o700))
+
+	e := &HostEnvironment{
+		Path:    path,
+		Workdir: workdir,
+		CleanUp: func() {
+			_ = os.RemoveAll(miscRoot)
+		},
+		StdOut: os.Stdout,
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, e.Remove()(ctx))
+	_, err := os.Stat(workdir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveCleansWorkdirWhenOwned(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := logrus.New()
+	ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logrus.NewEntry(logger))
+	base := t.TempDir()
+	miscRoot := filepath.Join(base, "misc")
+	path := filepath.Join(miscRoot, "hostexecutor")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(path, 0o700))
+	workdir := filepath.Join(base, "workspace", "123", "owner", "repo")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(workdir, 0o700))
+
+	e := &HostEnvironment{
+		Path:         path,
+		Workdir:      workdir,
+		CleanWorkdir: true,
+		CleanUp: func() {
+			_ = os.RemoveAll(miscRoot)
+		},
+		StdOut: os.Stdout,
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, e.Remove()(ctx))
+	_, err := os.Stat(workdir)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, os.ErrNotExist)
+}
+
+func TestRemoveAllWithContextDoesNotHangOnStuckDelete(t *testing.T) {
+	release := make(chan struct{})
+	stubDone := make(chan struct{})
+
+	orig := removeAll
+	removeAll = func(string) error {
+		defer close(stubDone)
+		<-release
+		return nil
+	}
+	// removeAllWithContext intentionally leaks the delete goroutine on timeout,
+	// and that goroutine still references removeAll. Unblock it and wait for it
+	// to return before restoring the var, so the restore can't race the read.
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		close(release)
+		<-stubDone
+		removeAll = orig
+	})
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	err := removeAllWithContext(ctx, t.TempDir())
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded)
+}
+
+// TestHostEnvironmentRemoveDoesNotHangOnStuckCleanUp guards against a stalled
+// CleanUp callback (e.g. an os.RemoveAll blocked by an AV/EDR filter driver or
+// an unresponsive mount) wedging the runner slot forever at "Cleaning up
+// container". Remove must time out the callback and complete job teardown.
+func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveDoesNotHangOnStuckCleanUp(t *testing.T) {
+	// Keep the suite fast: shrink the per-phase teardown timeout for this test.
+	orig := hostCleanupTimeout
+	hostCleanupTimeout = 100 * time.Millisecond
+	t.Cleanup(func() { hostCleanupTimeout = orig })
+
+	logger := logrus.New()
+	ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logrus.NewEntry(logger))
+	base := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(base, "misc", "hostexecutor")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(path, 0o700))
+
+	release := make(chan struct{})
+	t.Cleanup(func() { close(release) }) // unblock the leaked goroutine at test end
+
+	e := &HostEnvironment{
+		Path: path,
+		CleanUp: func() {
+			<-release // simulate a delete syscall stuck indefinitely
+		},
+		StdOut: os.Stdout,
+	}
+
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- e.Remove()(ctx) }()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Remove() hung on a stuck CleanUp callback")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestHostEnvironmentRemoveDoesNotHangOnStuckPathRemoval guards against a
+// stalled os.RemoveAll on the misc/workspace paths (same AV/EDR wedge as
+// #1023) wedging job completion after the CleanUp callback has already timed
+// out or finished.
+func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveDoesNotHangOnStuckPathRemoval(t *testing.T) {
+	origTimeout := hostCleanupTimeout
+	hostCleanupTimeout = 100 * time.Millisecond
+	t.Cleanup(func() { hostCleanupTimeout = origTimeout })
+
+	release := make(chan struct{})
+	stubDone := make(chan struct{})
+
+	origRemoveAll := removeAll
+	removeAll = func(string) error {
+		defer close(stubDone)
+		<-release
+		return nil
+	}
+	// The stuck delete goroutine outlives the timed-out Remove and still reads
+	// removeAll; unblock it and wait before restoring to avoid a restore/read race.
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		close(release)
+		<-stubDone
+		removeAll = origRemoveAll
+	})
+
+	logger := logrus.New()
+	ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logrus.NewEntry(logger))
+	base := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(base, "misc", "hostexecutor")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(path, 0o700))
+
+	e := &HostEnvironment{
+		Path:   path,
+		StdOut: os.Stdout,
+	}
+
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- e.Remove()(ctx) }()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Remove() hung on a stuck path removal")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("single dir", func(t *testing.T) {
+		s := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript([]string{`C:\workspace\job1`})
+		assert.Contains(t, s, `$paths = @('C:\workspace\job1')`)
+		// Self-PID guard is essential — without it the script could taskkill
+		// the PowerShell process running it.
+		assert.Contains(t, s, "$selfPid = $PID")
+		assert.Contains(t, s, "$_.ProcessId -eq $selfPid")
+		// Must match both ExecutablePath (binaries from the workspace) and
+		// CommandLine (system binaries invoked with workspace paths in args),
+		// both bounded by dir+separator so a name-prefix sibling is spared.
+		assert.Contains(t, s, `$prefix = $p + '\'`)
+		assert.Contains(t, s, "$_.ExecutablePath.StartsWith($prefix")
+		assert.Contains(t, s, "$_.CommandLine.IndexOf($prefix")
+		// Each matched PID must be tree-killed, not just stopped.
+		assert.Contains(t, s, "taskkill.exe /PID $_.ProcessId /T /F")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("multiple dirs comma-separated", func(t *testing.T) {
+		s := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript([]string{
+			`C:\work\path`,
+			`C:\work\workdir`,
+			`C:\Users\runner\AppData\Local\Temp\job-42`,
+		})
+		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\path'`)
+		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\workdir'`)
+		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\Users\runner\AppData\Local\Temp\job-42'`)
+		// Commas between entries — no trailing comma, no leading comma.
+		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\path','C:\work\workdir',`)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("path with single quote is escaped", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// In PowerShell single-quoted strings the only special char is the
+		// quote itself, escaped by doubling. A workspace path that ever
+		// contained `'` would inject a command into the script otherwise.
+		s := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript([]string{`C:\work\it's\path`})
+		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\it''s\path'`)
+		// And it must NOT appear unescaped — otherwise the quote would
+		// terminate the literal early.
+		assert.NotContains(t, s, `'C:\work\it's\path'`)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("path with wildcard metacharacters is matched literally", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// A path containing [ ] ? * must be embedded verbatim and matched with
+		// ordinal String methods, not -like, otherwise the metacharacters would
+		// be interpreted as wildcards and the leftover process could escape.
+		s := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript([]string{`C:\work\[job]?1`})
+		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\[job]?1'`)
+		assert.NotContains(t, s, "-like")
+		assert.Contains(t, s, "StartsWith")
+		assert.Contains(t, s, "IndexOf")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty dir list still produces a valid script", func(t *testing.T) {
+		s := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript(nil)
+		// Empty array literal — script runs, matches nothing, is a no-op.
+		assert.Contains(t, s, "$paths = @()")
+		assert.Contains(t, s, "Get-CimInstance Win32_Process")
+	})
+}

internal/act/container/linux_container_environment_extensions.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+type LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions struct{}
+
+// Resolves the equivalent host path inside the container
+// This is required for windows and WSL 2 to translate things like C:\Users\Myproject to /mnt/users/Myproject
+// For use in docker volumes and binds
+func (*LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions) ToContainerPath(path string) string {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && strings.Contains(path, "/") {
+		log.Error("You cannot specify linux style local paths (/mnt/etc) on Windows as it does not understand them.")
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	abspath, err := filepath.Abs(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error(err)
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	// Test if the path is a windows path
+	windowsPathRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`^([a-zA-Z]):\\(.+)$`)
+	windowsPathComponents := windowsPathRegex.FindStringSubmatch(abspath)
+
+	// Return as-is if no match
+	if windowsPathComponents == nil {
+		return abspath
+	}
+
+	// Convert to WSL2-compatible path if it is a windows path
+	// NOTE: Cannot use filepath because it will use the wrong path separators assuming we want the path to be windows
+	// based if running on Windows, and because we are feeding this to Docker, GoLang auto-path-translate doesn't work.
+	driveLetter := strings.ToLower(windowsPathComponents[1])
+	translatedPath := strings.ReplaceAll(windowsPathComponents[2], `\`, `/`)
+	// Should make something like /mnt/c/Users/person/My Folder/MyActProject
+	result := strings.Join([]string{"/mnt", driveLetter, translatedPath}, `/`)
+	return result
+}
+
+func (*LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions) GetActPath() string {
+	return "/var/run/act"
+}
+
+func (*LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions) GetPathVariableName() string {
+	return "PATH"
+}
+
+func (*LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions) DefaultPathVariable() string {
+	return "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
+}
+
+func (*LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions) JoinPathVariable(paths ...string) string {
+	return strings.Join(paths, ":")
+}
+
+// DefaultToolCache is where the runner mounts the tool cache inside job containers.
+const DefaultToolCache = "/opt/hostedtoolcache"
+
+func (*LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions) GetRunnerContext(ctx context.Context) map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"os":         "Linux",
+		"arch":       RunnerArch(ctx),
+		"temp":       "/tmp",
+		"tool_cache": DefaultToolCache,
+	}
+}
+
+func (*LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions) IsEnvironmentCaseInsensitive() bool {
+	return false
+}

internal/act/container/linux_container_environment_extensions_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestContainerPath(t *testing.T) {
+	type containerPathJob struct {
+		destinationPath string
+		sourcePath      string
+		workDir         string
+	}
+
+	linuxcontainerext := &LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions{}
+
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		cwd, err := os.Getwd()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error(err)
+		}
+
+		rootDrive := os.Getenv("SystemDrive")
+		rootDriveLetter := strings.ReplaceAll(strings.ToLower(rootDrive), `:`, "")
+		for _, v := range []containerPathJob{
+			{"/mnt/c/Users/act/go/src/github.com/nektos/act", "C:\\Users\\act\\go\\src\\github.com\\nektos\\act\\", ""},
+			{"/mnt/f/work/dir", `F:\work\dir`, ""},
+			{"/mnt/c/windows/to/unix", "windows\\to\\unix", rootDrive + "\\"},
+			{fmt.Sprintf("/mnt/%v/act", rootDriveLetter), "act", rootDrive + "\\"},
+		} {
+			if v.workDir != "" {
+				t.Chdir(v.workDir)
+			}
+
+			assert.Equal(t, v.destinationPath, linuxcontainerext.ToContainerPath(v.sourcePath))
+		}
+
+		t.Chdir(cwd)
+	} else {
+		cwd, err := os.Getwd()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error(err)
+		}
+		for _, v := range []containerPathJob{
+			{"/home/act/go/src/github.com/nektos/act", "/home/act/go/src/github.com/nektos/act", ""},
+			{"/home/act", `/home/act/`, ""},
+			{cwd, ".", ""},
+		} {
+			assert.Equal(t, v.destinationPath, linuxcontainerext.ToContainerPath(v.sourcePath))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type typeAssertMockContainer struct {
+	Container
+	LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions
+}
+
+// Type assert Container + LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions implements ExecutionsEnvironment
+var _ ExecutionsEnvironment = &typeAssertMockContainer{}

internal/act/container/parse_env_file.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	"golang.org/x/text/encoding/unicode"
+	"golang.org/x/text/transform"
+)
+
+func parseEnvFile(e Container, srcPath string, env *map[string]string) common.Executor {
+	localEnv := *env
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		envTar, err := e.GetContainerArchive(ctx, srcPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		defer envTar.Close()
+		reader := tar.NewReader(envTar)
+		_, err = reader.Next()
+		if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
+			return err
+		}
+		// Decode by BOM: Windows PowerShell 5.1 redirection writes UTF-16, and some
+		// tools emit a UTF-8 BOM. Without a BOM the file is read as UTF-8, as before.
+		decoded := transform.NewReader(reader, unicode.BOMOverride(unicode.UTF8.NewDecoder()))
+
+		s := bufio.NewScanner(decoded)
+		// Default 64 KiB max token size is too small for realistic env-file lines; allow up to 16 MiB.
+		s.Buffer(make([]byte, 0, 64*1024), 16*1024*1024)
+		for s.Scan() {
+			line := s.Text()
+			// GitHub's runner ignores blank lines
+			if strings.TrimSpace(line) == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			singleLineEnv := strings.Index(line, "=")
+			multiLineEnv := strings.Index(line, "<<")
+			if singleLineEnv != -1 && (multiLineEnv == -1 || singleLineEnv < multiLineEnv) {
+				localEnv[line[:singleLineEnv]] = line[singleLineEnv+1:]
+			} else if multiLineEnv != -1 {
+				multiLineEnvContent := ""
+				multiLineEnvDelimiter := line[multiLineEnv+2:]
+				delimiterFound := false
+				for s.Scan() {
+					content := s.Text()
+					if content == multiLineEnvDelimiter {
+						delimiterFound = true
+						break
+					}
+					if multiLineEnvContent != "" {
+						multiLineEnvContent += "\n"
+					}
+					multiLineEnvContent += content
+				}
+				if err := s.Err(); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("reading env file: %w", err)
+				}
+				if !delimiterFound {
+					return fmt.Errorf("invalid format delimiter '%v' not found before end of file", multiLineEnvDelimiter)
+				}
+				localEnv[line[:multiLineEnv]] = multiLineEnvContent
+			} else {
+				return fmt.Errorf("invalid format '%v', expected a line with '=' or '<<'", line)
+			}
+		}
+		if err := s.Err(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("reading env file: %w", err)
+		}
+		env = &localEnv
+		return nil
+	}
+}

internal/act/container/parse_env_file_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/text/encoding"
+	"golang.org/x/text/encoding/unicode"
+)
+
+func newTestHostEnv(t *testing.T) (*HostEnvironment, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	e := &HostEnvironment{Path: t.TempDir()}
+	return e, filepath.Join(e.Path, "envfile")
+}
+
+func TestParseEnvFileSingleLine(t *testing.T) {
+	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("FOO=bar\nBAZ=qux\n"), 0o600))
+
+	env := map[string]string{}
+	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background()))
+	assert.Equal(t, "bar", env["FOO"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "qux", env["BAZ"])
+}
+
+func TestParseEnvFileMultiLine(t *testing.T) {
+	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+	content := "FOO<<EOF\nline1\nline2\nEOF\n"
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte(content), 0o600))
+
+	env := map[string]string{}
+	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background()))
+	assert.Equal(t, "line1\nline2", env["FOO"])
+}
+
+func TestParseEnvFileLargeValueWithinLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+	big := strings.Repeat("x", 2*1024*1024)
+	content := "FOO<<EOF\n" + big + "\nEOF\n"
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte(content), 0o600))
+
+	env := map[string]string{}
+	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background()))
+	assert.Equal(t, big, env["FOO"])
+}
+
+func TestParseEnvFileLineExceedsBufferReportsScannerError(t *testing.T) {
+	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+	tooBig := strings.Repeat("x", 17*1024*1024) // over the 16 MiB cap
+	content := "FOO<<EOF\n" + tooBig + "\nEOF\n"
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte(content), 0o600))
+
+	env := map[string]string{}
+	err := parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background())
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, bufio.ErrTooLong)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "reading env file")
+}
+
+// Regression test: a blank line used to fail the job at "Complete Job", after
+// every step had already been recorded as successful.
+func TestParseEnvFileBlankLines(t *testing.T) {
+	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("\nFOO=bar\n\n   \nBAZ=qux\n\n"), 0o600))
+
+	env := map[string]string{}
+	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background()))
+	assert.Equal(t, "bar", env["FOO"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "qux", env["BAZ"])
+}
+
+// blank lines inside a heredoc value are content, not separators
+func TestParseEnvFileMultiLineKeepsBlankLines(t *testing.T) {
+	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("FOO<<EOF\nline1\n\nline2\nEOF\n"), 0o600))
+
+	env := map[string]string{}
+	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background()))
+	assert.Equal(t, "line1\n\nline2", env["FOO"])
+}
+
+func TestParseEnvFileUTF8BOM(t *testing.T) {
+	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+	content := append([]byte{0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF}, []byte("FOO=bar\n")...)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, content, 0o600))
+
+	env := map[string]string{}
+	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background()))
+	assert.Equal(t, "bar", env["FOO"])
+}
+
+// Windows host mode: PowerShell 5.1 redirection writes UTF-16, which used to be
+// unrecognisable as KEY=VALUE, so the writes were silently ignored.
+func TestParseEnvFileUTF16(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		encoder *encoding.Encoder
+	}{
+		{"little endian", unicode.UTF16(unicode.LittleEndian, unicode.UseBOM).NewEncoder()},
+		{"big endian", unicode.UTF16(unicode.BigEndian, unicode.UseBOM).NewEncoder()},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+			content, err := tt.encoder.Bytes([]byte("FOO=bar\r\nMULTI<<EOF\r\nline1\r\nEOF\r\n"))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, content, 0o600))
+
+			env := map[string]string{}
+			require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background()))
+			assert.Equal(t, "bar", env["FOO"])
+			assert.Equal(t, "line1", env["MULTI"])
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseEnvFileMissingDelimiter(t *testing.T) {
+	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("FOO<<EOF\nline1\nline2\n"), 0o600))
+
+	env := map[string]string{}
+	err := parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background())
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "delimiter")
+}

internal/act/container/testdata/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+FROM scratch
+ENV PATH="/this/path/does/not/exists/anywhere:/this/either"
+ENV SOME_RANDOM_VAR=""
+ENV ANOTHER_ONE="BUT_I_HAVE_VALUE"
+ENV CONFLICT_VAR="I_EXIST_ONLY_HERE"

internal/act/container/testdata/docker-pull-options/config.json

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "auths": {
+          "https://index.docker.io/v1/": {
+                  "auth": "dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQK"
+          }
+  }
+}

internal/act/container/testdata/scratch/test.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+testfile

internal/act/container/testdata/utf8.env

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+FOO=BAR
+HELLO=您好
+BAR=FOO

internal/act/container/testdata/valid.env

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ENV1=value1

internal/act/container/testdata/valid.label

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+LABEL1=value1

internal/act/container/util.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build (!windows && !plan9 && !openbsd) || (!windows && !plan9 && !mips64)
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/creack/pty"
+)
+
+func openPty() (*os.File, *os.File, error) {
+	return pty.Open()
+}

internal/act/container/util_openbsd_mips64.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+)
+
+func openPty() (*os.File, *os.File, error) {
+	return nil, nil, errors.New("Unsupported")
+}

internal/act/container/util_plan9.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+)
+
+func openPty() (*os.File, *os.File, error) {
+	return nil, nil, errors.New("Unsupported")
+}

internal/act/container/util_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+)
+
+func openPty() (*os.File, *os.File, error) {
+	return nil, nil, errors.New("Unsupported")
+}

internal/act/filecollector/file_collector.go

@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2024 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package filecollector
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	git "github.com/go-git/go-git/v5"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/filemode"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/gitignore"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/index"
+)
+
+type Handler interface {
+	WriteFile(path string, fi fs.FileInfo, linkName string, f io.Reader) error
+}
+
+type TarCollector struct {
+	TarWriter *tar.Writer
+	UID       int
+	GID       int
+	DstDir    string
+}
+
+func (tc TarCollector) WriteFile(fpath string, fi fs.FileInfo, linkName string, f io.Reader) error {
+	// create a new dir/file header
+	header, err := tar.FileInfoHeader(fi, linkName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// update the name to correctly reflect the desired destination when untaring
+	header.Name = path.Join(tc.DstDir, fpath)
+	header.Mode = int64(fi.Mode())
+	header.ModTime = fi.ModTime()
+	header.Uid = tc.UID
+	header.Gid = tc.GID
+
+	// write the header
+	if err := tc.TarWriter.WriteHeader(header); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// this is a symlink no reader provided
+	if f == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// copy file data into tar writer
+	if _, err := io.Copy(tc.TarWriter, f); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type CopyCollector struct {
+	DstDir string
+}
+
+func (cc *CopyCollector) WriteFile(fpath string, fi fs.FileInfo, linkName string, f io.Reader) error {
+	fdestpath := filepath.Join(cc.DstDir, fpath)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(fdestpath), 0o777); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Remove any existing destination so we can overwrite read-only files
+	// (e.g. git pack files at mode 0444 trip EACCES on macOS and "Access is
+	// denied" on Windows when reopened with O_WRONLY) and so os.Symlink does
+	// not fail with EEXIST. os.Remove clears the Windows read-only attribute
+	// internally; on Unix unlink only needs write permission on the parent.
+	_ = os.Remove(fdestpath)
+	if f == nil {
+		return os.Symlink(linkName, fdestpath)
+	}
+	df, err := os.OpenFile(fdestpath, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_TRUNC, fi.Mode())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer df.Close()
+	if _, err := io.Copy(df, f); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type FileCollector struct {
+	Ignorer   gitignore.Matcher
+	SrcPath   string
+	SrcPrefix string
+	Fs        Fs
+	Handler   Handler
+}
+
+type Fs interface {
+	Walk(root string, fn filepath.WalkFunc) error
+	OpenGitIndex(path string) (*index.Index, error)
+	Open(path string) (io.ReadCloser, error)
+	Readlink(path string) (string, error)
+}
+
+type DefaultFs struct{}
+
+func (*DefaultFs) Walk(root string, fn filepath.WalkFunc) error {
+	return filepath.Walk(root, fn)
+}
+
+func (*DefaultFs) OpenGitIndex(path string) (*index.Index, error) {
+	r, err := git.PlainOpen(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	i, err := r.Storer.Index()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return i, nil
+}
+
+func (*DefaultFs) Open(path string) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	return os.Open(path)
+}
+
+func (*DefaultFs) Readlink(path string) (string, error) {
+	return os.Readlink(path)
+}
+
+func (fc *FileCollector) CollectFiles(ctx context.Context, submodulePath []string) filepath.WalkFunc {
+	i, _ := fc.Fs.OpenGitIndex(path.Join(fc.SrcPath, path.Join(submodulePath...)))
+	return func(file string, fi os.FileInfo, err error) error {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if ctx != nil {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return errors.New("copy cancelled")
+			default:
+			}
+		}
+
+		sansPrefix := strings.TrimPrefix(file, fc.SrcPrefix)
+		split := strings.Split(sansPrefix, string(filepath.Separator))
+		// The root folders should be skipped, submodules only have the last path component set to "." by filepath.Walk
+		if fi.IsDir() && len(split) > 0 && split[len(split)-1] == "." {
+			return nil
+		}
+		var entry *index.Entry
+		if i != nil {
+			entry, err = i.Entry(strings.Join(split[len(submodulePath):], "/"))
+		} else {
+			err = index.ErrEntryNotFound
+		}
+		if err != nil && fc.Ignorer != nil && fc.Ignorer.Match(split, fi.IsDir()) {
+			if fi.IsDir() {
+				if i != nil {
+					ms, err := i.Glob(strings.Join(append(split[len(submodulePath):], "**"), "/"))
+					if err != nil || len(ms) == 0 {
+						return filepath.SkipDir
+					}
+				} else {
+					return filepath.SkipDir
+				}
+			} else {
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		if err == nil && entry.Mode == filemode.Submodule {
+			err = fc.Fs.Walk(file, fc.CollectFiles(ctx, split))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			return filepath.SkipDir
+		}
+		path := filepath.ToSlash(sansPrefix)
+
+		// return on non-regular files (thanks to [kumo](https://medium.com/@komuw/just-like-you-did-fbdd7df829d3) for this suggested update)
+		if fi.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink == os.ModeSymlink {
+			linkName, err := fc.Fs.Readlink(file)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unable to readlink '%s': %w", file, err)
+			}
+			return fc.Handler.WriteFile(path, fi, linkName, nil)
+		} else if !fi.Mode().IsRegular() {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		// open file
+		f, err := fc.Fs.Open(file)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer f.Close()
+
+		if ctx != nil {
+			// make io.Copy cancellable by closing the file
+			cpctx, cpfinish := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+			defer cpfinish()
+			go func() {
+				select {
+				case <-cpctx.Done():
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					f.Close()
+				}
+			}()
+		}
+
+		return fc.Handler.WriteFile(path, fi, "", f)
+	}
+}

internal/act/filecollector/file_collector_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2024 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package filecollector
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5/memfs"
+	git "github.com/go-git/go-git/v5"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/cache"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/gitignore"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/index"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/storage/filesystem"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+type memoryFs struct {
+	billy.Filesystem
+}
+
+func (mfs *memoryFs) walk(root string, fn filepath.WalkFunc) error {
+	dir, err := mfs.ReadDir(root)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for i := range dir {
+		filename := filepath.Join(root, dir[i].Name())
+		err = fn(filename, dir[i], nil)
+		if dir[i].IsDir() {
+			if err == filepath.SkipDir {
+				err = nil
+			} else if err := mfs.walk(filename, fn); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (mfs *memoryFs) Walk(root string, fn filepath.WalkFunc) error {
+	stat, err := mfs.Lstat(root)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = fn(strings.Join([]string{root, "."}, string(filepath.Separator)), stat, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return mfs.walk(root, fn)
+}
+
+func (mfs *memoryFs) OpenGitIndex(path string) (*index.Index, error) {
+	f, _ := mfs.Filesystem.Chroot(filepath.Join(path, ".git")) //nolint:staticcheck // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	storage := filesystem.NewStorage(f, cache.NewObjectLRUDefault())
+	i, err := storage.Index()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return i, nil
+}
+
+func (mfs *memoryFs) Open(path string) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	return mfs.Filesystem.Open(path)
+}
+
+func (mfs *memoryFs) Readlink(path string) (string, error) {
+	return mfs.Filesystem.Readlink(path)
+}
+
+func TestIgnoredTrackedfile(t *testing.T) {
+	fs := memfs.New()
+	_ = fs.MkdirAll("mygitrepo/.git", 0o777)
+	dotgit, _ := fs.Chroot("mygitrepo/.git")
+	worktree, _ := fs.Chroot("mygitrepo")
+	repo, _ := git.Init(filesystem.NewStorage(dotgit, cache.NewObjectLRUDefault()), worktree)
+	f, _ := worktree.Create(".gitignore")
+	_, _ = f.Write([]byte(".*\n"))
+	f.Close()
+	// This file shouldn't be in the tar
+	f, _ = worktree.Create(".env")
+	_, _ = f.Write([]byte("test=val1\n"))
+	f.Close()
+	w, _ := repo.Worktree()
+	// .gitignore is in the tar after adding it to the index
+	_, _ = w.Add(".gitignore")
+
+	tmpTar, _ := fs.Create("temp.tar")
+	tw := tar.NewWriter(tmpTar)
+	ps, _ := gitignore.ReadPatterns(worktree, []string{})
+	ignorer := gitignore.NewMatcher(ps)
+	fc := &FileCollector{
+		Fs:        &memoryFs{Filesystem: fs},
+		Ignorer:   ignorer,
+		SrcPath:   "mygitrepo",
+		SrcPrefix: "mygitrepo" + string(filepath.Separator),
+		Handler: &TarCollector{
+			TarWriter: tw,
+		},
+	}
+	err := fc.Fs.Walk("mygitrepo", fc.CollectFiles(context.Background(), []string{}))
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "successfully collect files") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	tw.Close()
+	_, _ = tmpTar.Seek(0, io.SeekStart)
+	tr := tar.NewReader(tmpTar)
+	h, err := tr.Next()
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "tar must not be empty") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.Equal(t, ".gitignore", h.Name)
+	_, err = tr.Next()
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, io.EOF, "tar must only contain one element")
+}
+
+func TestSymlinks(t *testing.T) {
+	fs := memfs.New()
+	_ = fs.MkdirAll("mygitrepo/.git", 0o777)
+	dotgit, _ := fs.Chroot("mygitrepo/.git")
+	worktree, _ := fs.Chroot("mygitrepo")
+	repo, _ := git.Init(filesystem.NewStorage(dotgit, cache.NewObjectLRUDefault()), worktree)
+	// This file shouldn't be in the tar
+	f, err := worktree.Create(".env")
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	_, err = f.Write([]byte("test=val1\n"))
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	f.Close()
+	err = worktree.Symlink(".env", "test.env")
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+
+	w, err := repo.Worktree()
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+
+	// .gitignore is in the tar after adding it to the index
+	_, err = w.Add(".env")
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	_, err = w.Add("test.env")
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+
+	tmpTar, _ := fs.Create("temp.tar")
+	tw := tar.NewWriter(tmpTar)
+	ps, _ := gitignore.ReadPatterns(worktree, []string{})
+	ignorer := gitignore.NewMatcher(ps)
+	fc := &FileCollector{
+		Fs:        &memoryFs{Filesystem: fs},
+		Ignorer:   ignorer,
+		SrcPath:   "mygitrepo",
+		SrcPrefix: "mygitrepo" + string(filepath.Separator),
+		Handler: &TarCollector{
+			TarWriter: tw,
+		},
+	}
+	err = fc.Fs.Walk("mygitrepo", fc.CollectFiles(context.Background(), []string{}))
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "successfully collect files") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	tw.Close()
+	_, _ = tmpTar.Seek(0, io.SeekStart)
+	tr := tar.NewReader(tmpTar)
+	h, err := tr.Next()
+	files := map[string]tar.Header{}
+	for err == nil {
+		files[h.Name] = *h
+		h, err = tr.Next()
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, ".env", files[".env"].Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "test.env", files["test.env"].Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, ".env", files["test.env"].Linkname)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, io.EOF, "tar must be read cleanly to EOF")
+}
+
+// Regression for https://gitea.com/gitea/runner/issues/876 and /941:
+// re-copying an action directory must overwrite a pre-existing read-only
+// file (e.g. a git pack .idx at mode 0444) instead of failing with EACCES
+// on macOS or "Access is denied" on Windows.
+func TestCopyCollectorWriteFileOverwritesReadOnlyFile(t *testing.T) {
+	dst := t.TempDir()
+	target := filepath.Join(dst, "sub", "pack.idx")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(target), 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(target, []byte("old"), 0o444))
+
+	src := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "pack.idx")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(src, []byte("new"), 0o444))
+	fi, err := os.Stat(src)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cc := &CopyCollector{DstDir: dst}
+	require.NoError(t, cc.WriteFile("sub/pack.idx", fi, "", strings.NewReader("new")))
+
+	got, err := os.ReadFile(target)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "new", string(got))
+}
+
+// Without the destination removal, os.Symlink fails with EEXIST when the
+// path already holds a regular file from an earlier copy of the action.
+func TestCopyCollectorWriteFileOverwritesFileWithSymlink(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("creating symlinks requires elevated privileges on Windows")
+	}
+	dst := t.TempDir()
+	target := filepath.Join(dst, "link")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(target, []byte("stale"), 0o644))
+
+	fi, err := os.Lstat(target)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cc := &CopyCollector{DstDir: dst}
+	require.NoError(t, cc.WriteFile("link", fi, "target", nil))
+
+	resolved, err := os.Readlink(target)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "target", resolved)
+}
+
+func TestDefaultFsOpenReadlinkAndWalk(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("creating symlinks requires elevated privileges on Windows")
+	}
+
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(root, "file.txt"), []byte("content"), 0o644))
+	require.NoError(t, os.Symlink("file.txt", filepath.Join(root, "link.txt")))
+
+	fsys := &DefaultFs{}
+	var walked []string
+	require.NoError(t, fsys.Walk(root, func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		walked = append(walked, info.Name())
+		return nil
+	}))
+	require.Contains(t, walked, "file.txt")
+	require.Contains(t, walked, "link.txt")
+
+	file, err := fsys.Open(filepath.Join(root, "file.txt"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(file)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, file.Close())
+	require.Equal(t, "content", string(data))
+
+	link, err := fsys.Readlink(filepath.Join(root, "link.txt"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "file.txt", link)
+}
+
+func TestFileCollectorCancellationAndWalkError(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := &FileCollector{Fs: &memoryFs{Filesystem: memfs.New()}}
+	walk := fc.CollectFiles(cancelledContext(t), nil)
+
+	err := walk("file", fakeFileInfo{name: "file"}, nil)
+	require.EqualError(t, err, "copy cancelled")
+
+	err = walk("file", fakeFileInfo{name: "file"}, os.ErrPermission)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, os.ErrPermission)
+}
+
+func cancelledContext(t *testing.T) context.Context {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+	return ctx
+}
+
+type fakeFileInfo struct {
+	name string
+}
+
+func (f fakeFileInfo) Name() string       { return f.name }
+func (f fakeFileInfo) Size() int64        { return 0 }
+func (f fakeFileInfo) Mode() os.FileMode  { return 0o644 }
+func (f fakeFileInfo) ModTime() time.Time { return time.Time{} }
+func (f fakeFileInfo) IsDir() bool        { return false }
+func (f fakeFileInfo) Sys() any           { return nil }

internal/act/ghcontext/github_context.go

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2021 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+// Package ghcontext fills a model.GithubContext from the local git checkout.
+// The pure data parts of the context live in the shared
+// gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model package, only the helpers that need a
+// git repository on disk are kept here.
+package ghcontext
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common/git"
+
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
+)
+
+var (
+	findGitRef      = git.FindGitRef
+	findGitRevision = git.FindGitRevision
+	findGithubRepo  = git.FindGithubRepo
+)
+
+func withDefaultBranch(ctx context.Context, b string, event map[string]any) map[string]any {
+	repoI, ok := event["repository"]
+	if !ok {
+		repoI = make(map[string]any)
+	}
+
+	repo, ok := repoI.(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("unable to set default branch to %v", b)
+		return event
+	}
+
+	// if the branch is already there return with no changes
+	if _, ok = repo["default_branch"]; ok {
+		return event
+	}
+
+	repo["default_branch"] = b
+	event["repository"] = repo
+
+	return event
+}
+
+// SetRef resolves the ref of the context from its event payload, falling back
+// to the ref checked out in repoPath.
+func SetRef(ctx context.Context, ghc *model.GithubContext, defaultBranch, repoPath string) {
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+
+	// https://docs.github.com/en/actions/learn-github-actions/events-that-trigger-workflows
+	// https://docs.github.com/en/developers/webhooks-and-events/webhooks/webhook-events-and-payloads
+	switch ghc.EventName {
+	case "pull_request_target":
+		ghc.Ref = "refs/heads/" + ghc.BaseRef
+	case "pull_request", "pull_request_review", "pull_request_review_comment":
+		ghc.Ref = fmt.Sprintf("refs/pull/%.0f/merge", ghc.Event["number"])
+	case "deployment", "deployment_status":
+		ghc.Ref = model.AsString(model.NestedMapLookup(ghc.Event, "deployment", "ref"))
+	case "release":
+		ghc.Ref = "refs/tags/" + model.AsString(model.NestedMapLookup(ghc.Event, "release", "tag_name"))
+	case "push", "create", "workflow_dispatch":
+		ghc.Ref = model.AsString(ghc.Event["ref"])
+	default:
+		defaultBranch := model.AsString(model.NestedMapLookup(ghc.Event, "repository", "default_branch"))
+		if defaultBranch != "" {
+			ghc.Ref = "refs/heads/" + defaultBranch
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ghc.Ref == "" {
+		ref, err := findGitRef(ctx, repoPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Warningf("unable to get git ref: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			logger.Debugf("using github ref: %s", ref)
+			ghc.Ref = ref
+		}
+
+		// set the branch in the event data
+		if defaultBranch != "" {
+			ghc.Event = withDefaultBranch(ctx, defaultBranch, ghc.Event)
+		} else {
+			ghc.Event = withDefaultBranch(ctx, "master", ghc.Event)
+		}
+
+		if ghc.Ref == "" {
+			ghc.Ref = "refs/heads/" + model.AsString(model.NestedMapLookup(ghc.Event, "repository", "default_branch"))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// SetSha resolves the commit of the context from its event payload, falling
+// back to the revision checked out in repoPath.
+func SetSha(ctx context.Context, ghc *model.GithubContext, repoPath string) {
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+
+	// https://docs.github.com/en/actions/learn-github-actions/events-that-trigger-workflows
+	// https://docs.github.com/en/developers/webhooks-and-events/webhooks/webhook-events-and-payloads
+	switch ghc.EventName {
+	case "pull_request_target":
+		ghc.Sha = model.AsString(model.NestedMapLookup(ghc.Event, "pull_request", "base", "sha"))
+	case "deployment", "deployment_status":
+		ghc.Sha = model.AsString(model.NestedMapLookup(ghc.Event, "deployment", "sha"))
+	case "push", "create", "workflow_dispatch":
+		if deleted, ok := ghc.Event["deleted"].(bool); ok && !deleted {
+			ghc.Sha = model.AsString(ghc.Event["after"])
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ghc.Sha == "" {
+		_, sha, err := findGitRevision(ctx, repoPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Warningf("unable to get git revision: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			ghc.Sha = sha
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// SetRepositoryAndOwner resolves the repository of the context from the git
+// remote in repoPath when it is not set yet, and derives its owner.
+func SetRepositoryAndOwner(ctx context.Context, ghc *model.GithubContext, githubInstance, remoteName, repoPath string) {
+	if ghc.Repository == "" {
+		repo, err := findGithubRepo(ctx, repoPath, githubInstance, remoteName)
+		if err != nil {
+			common.Logger(ctx).Warningf("unable to get git repo (githubInstance: %v; remoteName: %v, repoPath: %v): %v", githubInstance, remoteName, repoPath, err)
+			return
+		}
+		ghc.Repository = repo
+	}
+	ghc.RepositoryOwner = strings.Split(ghc.Repository, "/")[0]
+}

internal/act/ghcontext/github_context_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package ghcontext
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestSetRef(t *testing.T) {
+	log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+
+	oldFindGitRef := findGitRef
+	oldFindGitRevision := findGitRevision
+	defer func() { findGitRef = oldFindGitRef }()
+	defer func() { findGitRevision = oldFindGitRevision }()
+
+	findGitRef = func(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
+		return "refs/heads/master", nil
+	}
+
+	findGitRevision = func(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, string, error) {
+		return "", "1234fakesha", nil
+	}
+
+	tables := []struct {
+		eventName string
+		event     map[string]any
+		ref       string
+		refName   string
+	}{
+		{
+			eventName: "pull_request_target",
+			event:     map[string]any{},
+			ref:       "refs/heads/master",
+			refName:   "master",
+		},
+		{
+			eventName: "pull_request",
+			event: map[string]any{
+				"number": 1234.,
+			},
+			ref:     "refs/pull/1234/merge",
+			refName: "1234/merge",
+		},
+		{
+			eventName: "deployment",
+			event: map[string]any{
+				"deployment": map[string]any{
+					"ref": "refs/heads/somebranch",
+				},
+			},
+			ref:     "refs/heads/somebranch",
+			refName: "somebranch",
+		},
+		{
+			eventName: "release",
+			event: map[string]any{
+				"release": map[string]any{
+					"tag_name": "v1.0.0",
+				},
+			},
+			ref:     "refs/tags/v1.0.0",
+			refName: "v1.0.0",
+		},
+		{
+			eventName: "push",
+			event: map[string]any{
+				"ref": "refs/heads/somebranch",
+			},
+			ref:     "refs/heads/somebranch",
+			refName: "somebranch",
+		},
+		{
+			eventName: "unknown",
+			event: map[string]any{
+				"repository": map[string]any{
+					"default_branch": "main",
+				},
+			},
+			ref:     "refs/heads/main",
+			refName: "main",
+		},
+		{
+			eventName: "no-event",
+			event:     map[string]any{},
+			ref:       "refs/heads/master",
+			refName:   "master",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, table := range tables {
+		t.Run(table.eventName, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ghc := &model.GithubContext{
+				EventName: table.eventName,
+				BaseRef:   "master",
+				Event:     table.event,
+			}
+
+			SetRef(context.Background(), ghc, "main", "/some/dir")
+			ghc.SetRefTypeAndName()
+
+			assert.Equal(t, table.ref, ghc.Ref)
+			assert.Equal(t, table.refName, ghc.RefName)
+		})
+	}
+
+	t.Run("no-default-branch", func(t *testing.T) {
+		findGitRef = func(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
+			return "", errors.New("no default branch")
+		}
+
+		ghc := &model.GithubContext{
+			EventName: "no-default-branch",
+			Event:     map[string]any{},
+		}
+
+		SetRef(context.Background(), ghc, "", "/some/dir")
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "refs/heads/master", ghc.Ref)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSetSha(t *testing.T) {
+	log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+
+	oldFindGitRef := findGitRef
+	oldFindGitRevision := findGitRevision
+	defer func() { findGitRef = oldFindGitRef }()
+	defer func() { findGitRevision = oldFindGitRevision }()
+
+	findGitRef = func(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
+		return "refs/heads/master", nil
+	}
+
+	findGitRevision = func(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, string, error) {
+		return "", "1234fakesha", nil
+	}
+
+	tables := []struct {
+		eventName string
+		event     map[string]any
+		sha       string
+	}{
+		{
+			eventName: "pull_request_target",
+			event: map[string]any{
+				"pull_request": map[string]any{
+					"base": map[string]any{
+						"sha": "pr-base-sha",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			sha: "pr-base-sha",
+		},
+		{
+			eventName: "pull_request",
+			event: map[string]any{
+				"number": 1234.,
+			},
+			sha: "1234fakesha",
+		},
+		{
+			eventName: "deployment",
+			event: map[string]any{
+				"deployment": map[string]any{
+					"sha": "deployment-sha",
+				},
+			},
+			sha: "deployment-sha",
+		},
+		{
+			eventName: "release",
+			event:     map[string]any{},
+			sha:       "1234fakesha",
+		},
+		{
+			eventName: "push",
+			event: map[string]any{
+				"after":   "push-sha",
+				"deleted": false,
+			},
+			sha: "push-sha",
+		},
+		{
+			eventName: "unknown",
+			event:     map[string]any{},
+			sha:       "1234fakesha",
+		},
+		{
+			eventName: "no-event",
+			event:     map[string]any{},
+			sha:       "1234fakesha",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, table := range tables {
+		t.Run(table.eventName, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ghc := &model.GithubContext{
+				EventName: table.eventName,
+				BaseRef:   "master",
+				Event:     table.event,
+			}
+
+			SetSha(context.Background(), ghc, "/some/dir")
+
+			assert.Equal(t, table.sha, ghc.Sha)
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/act/lookpath/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright (c) 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+	* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+	* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+distribution.
+	* Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

internal/act/lookpath/env.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package lookpath
+
+type Env interface {
+	Getenv(name string) string
+}

internal/act/lookpath/error.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package lookpath
+
+type Error struct {
+	Name string
+	Err  error
+}
+
+func (e *Error) Error() string {
+	return e.Err.Error()
+}

internal/act/lookpath/lp_js.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//nolint:goheader // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build js && wasm
+
+package lookpath
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+)
+
+// ErrNotFound is the error resulting if a path search failed to find an executable file.
+var ErrNotFound = errors.New("executable file not found in $PATH")
+
+// LookPath searches for an executable named file in the
+// directories named by the PATH environment variable.
+// If file contains a slash, it is tried directly and the PATH is not consulted.
+// The result may be an absolute path or a path relative to the current directory.
+func LookPath2(file string, lenv Env) (string, error) {
+	// Wasm can not execute processes, so act as if there are no executables at all.
+	return "", &Error{file, ErrNotFound}
+}

internal/act/lookpath/lp_plan9.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//nolint:goheader // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package lookpath
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// ErrNotFound is the error resulting if a path search failed to find an executable file.
+var ErrNotFound = errors.New("executable file not found in $path")
+
+func findExecutable(file string) error {
+	d, err := os.Stat(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if m := d.Mode(); !m.IsDir() && m&0o111 != 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fs.ErrPermission
+}
+
+// LookPath searches for an executable named file in the
+// directories named by the path environment variable.
+// If file begins with "/", "#", "./", or "../", it is tried
+// directly and the path is not consulted.
+// The result may be an absolute path or a path relative to the current directory.
+func LookPath2(file string, lenv Env) (string, error) {
+	// skip the path lookup for these prefixes
+	skip := []string{"/", "#", "./", "../"}
+
+	for _, p := range skip {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(file, p) {
+			err := findExecutable(file)
+			if err == nil {
+				return file, nil
+			}
+			return "", &Error{file, err}
+		}
+	}
+
+	path := lenv.Getenv("path")
+	for _, dir := range filepath.SplitList(path) {
+		path := filepath.Join(dir, file)
+		if err := findExecutable(path); err == nil {
+			return path, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", &Error{file, ErrNotFound}
+}

internal/act/lookpath/lp_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+//nolint:goheader // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build aix || darwin || dragonfly || freebsd || linux || netbsd || openbsd || solaris
+
+package lookpath
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// ErrNotFound is the error resulting if a path search failed to find an executable file.
+var ErrNotFound = errors.New("executable file not found in $PATH")
+
+func findExecutable(file string) error {
+	d, err := os.Stat(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if m := d.Mode(); !m.IsDir() && m&0o111 != 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fs.ErrPermission
+}
+
+// LookPath searches for an executable named file in the
+// directories named by the PATH environment variable.
+// If file contains a slash, it is tried directly and the PATH is not consulted.
+// The result may be an absolute path or a path relative to the current directory.
+func LookPath2(file string, lenv Env) (string, error) {
+	// NOTE(rsc): I wish we could use the Plan 9 behavior here
+	// (only bypass the path if file begins with / or ./ or ../)
+	// but that would not match all the Unix shells.
+
+	if strings.Contains(file, "/") {
+		err := findExecutable(file)
+		if err == nil {
+			return file, nil
+		}
+		return "", &Error{file, err}
+	}
+	path := lenv.Getenv("PATH")
+	for _, dir := range filepath.SplitList(path) {
+		if dir == "" {
+			// Unix shell semantics: path element "" means "."
+			dir = "."
+		}
+		path := filepath.Join(dir, file)
+		if err := findExecutable(path); err == nil {
+			return path, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", &Error{file, ErrNotFound}
+}

internal/act/lookpath/lp_unix_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build aix || darwin || dragonfly || freebsd || linux || netbsd || openbsd || solaris
+
+package lookpath
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+type testEnv map[string]string
+
+func (e testEnv) Getenv(name string) string {
+	return e[name]
+}
+
+func TestLookPath2SearchesPathAndEmptyElement(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	exe := filepath.Join(dir, "tool")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(exe, []byte("#!/bin/sh\n"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	got, err := LookPath2("tool", testEnv{"PATH": string(filepath.ListSeparator) + dir})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != exe {
+		t.Fatalf("LookPath2() = %q, want %q", got, exe)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLookPath2DirectPathDoesNotSearchPath(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	exe := filepath.Join(dir, "tool")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(exe, []byte("#!/bin/sh\n"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	got, err := LookPath2(exe, testEnv{"PATH": ""})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != exe {
+		t.Fatalf("LookPath2() = %q, want %q", got, exe)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLookPath2ReportsPermissionAndNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	file := filepath.Join(dir, "not-executable")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(file, []byte("plain text"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := LookPath2(file, testEnv{"PATH": dir})
+	var pathErr *Error
+	if !errors.As(err, &pathErr) || !errors.Is(pathErr.Err, fs.ErrPermission) {
+		t.Fatalf("LookPath2(non-executable) error = %v, want fs.ErrPermission wrapped in *Error", err)
+	}
+	if pathErr.Error() != fs.ErrPermission.Error() {
+		t.Fatalf("Error() = %q, want %q", pathErr.Error(), fs.ErrPermission.Error())
+	}
+
+	_, err = LookPath2("missing", testEnv{"PATH": dir})
+	if !errors.As(err, &pathErr) || !errors.Is(pathErr.Err, ErrNotFound) {
+		t.Fatalf("LookPath2(missing) error = %v, want ErrNotFound wrapped in *Error", err)
+	}
+}

internal/act/lookpath/lp_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+//nolint:goheader // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package lookpath
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// ErrNotFound is the error resulting if a path search failed to find an executable file.
+var ErrNotFound = errors.New("executable file not found in %PATH%")
+
+func chkStat(file string) error {
+	d, err := os.Stat(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if d.IsDir() {
+		return fs.ErrPermission
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func hasExt(file string) bool {
+	i := strings.LastIndex(file, ".")
+	if i < 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	return strings.LastIndexAny(file, `:\/`) < i
+}
+
+func findExecutable(file string, exts []string) (string, error) {
+	if len(exts) == 0 {
+		return file, chkStat(file)
+	}
+	if hasExt(file) {
+		if chkStat(file) == nil {
+			return file, nil
+		}
+	}
+	for _, e := range exts {
+		if f := file + e; chkStat(f) == nil {
+			return f, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", fs.ErrNotExist
+}
+
+// LookPath searches for an executable named file in the
+// directories named by the PATH environment variable.
+// If file contains a slash, it is tried directly and the PATH is not consulted.
+// LookPath also uses PATHEXT environment variable to match
+// a suitable candidate.
+// The result may be an absolute path or a path relative to the current directory.
+func LookPath2(file string, lenv Env) (string, error) {
+	var exts []string
+	x := lenv.Getenv(`PATHEXT`)
+	if x != "" {
+		for e := range strings.SplitSeq(strings.ToLower(x), `;`) {
+			if e == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			if e[0] != '.' {
+				e = "." + e
+			}
+			exts = append(exts, e)
+		}
+	} else {
+		exts = []string{".com", ".exe", ".bat", ".cmd"}
+	}
+
+	if strings.ContainsAny(file, `:\/`) {
+		if f, err := findExecutable(file, exts); err == nil {
+			return f, nil
+		} else {
+			return "", &Error{file, err}
+		}
+	}
+	if f, err := findExecutable(filepath.Join(".", file), exts); err == nil {
+		return f, nil
+	}
+	path := lenv.Getenv("path")
+	for _, dir := range filepath.SplitList(path) {
+		if f, err := findExecutable(filepath.Join(dir, file), exts); err == nil {
+			return f, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", &Error{file, ErrNotFound}
+}

internal/act/runner/action.go

@@ -0,0 +1,781 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"embed"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common/git"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/container"
+
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
+	"github.com/kballard/go-shellquote"
+)
+
+type actionStep interface {
+	step
+
+	getActionModel() *model.Action
+	getCompositeRunContext(context.Context) *RunContext
+	getCompositeSteps() *compositeSteps
+}
+
+type readAction func(ctx context.Context, step *model.Step, actionDir, actionPath string, readFile actionYamlReader, writeFile fileWriter) (*model.Action, error)
+
+type actionYamlReader func(filename string) (io.Reader, io.Closer, error)
+
+type fileWriter func(filename string, data []byte, perm fs.FileMode) error
+
+type runAction func(step actionStep, actionDir string, remoteAction *remoteAction) common.Executor
+
+//go:embed res/trampoline.js
+var trampoline embed.FS
+
+var (
+	ContainerImageExistsLocally     = container.ImageExistsLocally
+	ContainerNewDockerBuildExecutor = container.NewDockerBuildExecutor
+)
+
+func readActionImpl(ctx context.Context, step *model.Step, actionDir, actionPath string, readFile actionYamlReader, writeFile fileWriter) (*model.Action, error) {
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+	allErrors := []error{}
+	addError := func(fileName string, err error) {
+		if err != nil {
+			allErrors = append(allErrors, fmt.Errorf("failed to read '%s' from action '%s' with path '%s' of step %w", fileName, step.String(), actionPath, err))
+		} else {
+			// One successful read, clear error state
+			allErrors = nil
+		}
+	}
+	reader, closer, err := readFile("action.yml")
+	addError("action.yml", err)
+	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		reader, closer, err = readFile("action.yaml")
+		addError("action.yaml", err)
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			_, closer, err := readFile("Dockerfile")
+			addError("Dockerfile", err)
+			if err == nil {
+				closer.Close()
+				action := &model.Action{
+					Name: "(Synthetic)",
+					Runs: model.ActionRuns{
+						Using: "docker",
+						Image: "Dockerfile",
+					},
+				}
+				logger.Debugf("Using synthetic action %v for Dockerfile", action)
+				return action, nil
+			}
+			if step.With != nil {
+				if val, ok := step.With["args"]; ok {
+					var b []byte
+					if b, err = trampoline.ReadFile("res/trampoline.js"); err != nil {
+						return nil, err
+					}
+					err2 := writeFile(filepath.Join(actionDir, actionPath, "trampoline.js"), b, 0o400)
+					if err2 != nil {
+						return nil, err2
+					}
+					action := &model.Action{
+						Name: "(Synthetic)",
+						Inputs: map[string]model.Input{
+							"cwd": {
+								Description: "(Actual working directory)",
+								Required:    false,
+								Default:     filepath.Join(actionDir, actionPath),
+							},
+							"command": {
+								Description: "(Actual program)",
+								Required:    false,
+								Default:     val,
+							},
+						},
+						Runs: model.ActionRuns{
+							Using: "node12",
+							Main:  "trampoline.js",
+						},
+					}
+					logger.Debugf("Using synthetic action %v", action)
+					return action, nil
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if allErrors != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Join(allErrors...)
+	}
+	defer closer.Close()
+
+	action, err := model.ReadAction(reader)
+	// For Gitea, reduce log noise
+	// logger.Debugf("Read action %v from '%s'", action, "Unknown")
+	return action, err
+}
+
+// cachedActionTar returns the action's tree from the action cache, which only a remote action
+// has an entry in.
+func cachedActionTar(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, name, includePrefix string) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	remote, ok := step.(*stepActionRemote)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("action %q is a remote action but runs as %T", name, step)
+	}
+	return step.getRunContext().Config.ActionCache.GetTarArchive(ctx, remote.cacheDir, remote.resolvedSha, includePrefix)
+}
+
+func maybeCopyToActionDir(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, actionDir, actionPath, containerActionDir string) error {
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+	rc := step.getRunContext()
+	stepModel := step.getStepModel()
+
+	if stepModel.Type() != model.StepTypeUsesActionRemote {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var containerActionDirCopy string
+	containerActionDirCopy = strings.TrimSuffix(containerActionDir, actionPath)
+	logger.Debug(containerActionDirCopy)
+
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(containerActionDirCopy, `/`) {
+		containerActionDirCopy += `/`
+	}
+
+	if rc.Config != nil && rc.Config.ActionCache != nil {
+		ta, err := cachedActionTar(ctx, step, stepModel.Uses, "")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer ta.Close()
+		return rc.JobContainer.CopyTarStream(ctx, containerActionDirCopy, ta)
+	}
+
+	defer git.AcquireCloneLock(actionDir)()
+
+	if err := removeGitIgnore(ctx, actionDir); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return rc.JobContainer.CopyDir(containerActionDirCopy, actionDir+"/", rc.Config.UseGitIgnore)(ctx)
+}
+
+func runActionImpl(step actionStep, actionDir string, remoteAction *remoteAction) common.Executor {
+	rc := step.getRunContext()
+	stepModel := step.getStepModel()
+
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+		actionPath := ""
+		if remoteAction != nil && remoteAction.Path != "" {
+			actionPath = remoteAction.Path
+		}
+
+		action := step.getActionModel()
+		// For Gitea, reduce log noise
+		// logger.Debugf("About to run action %v", action)
+
+		err := setupActionEnv(ctx, step, remoteAction)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		actionLocation := path.Join(actionDir, actionPath)
+		actionName, containerActionDir := getContainerActionPaths(stepModel, actionLocation, rc)
+
+		logger.Debugf("type=%v actionDir=%s actionPath=%s workdir=%s actionCacheDir=%s actionName=%s containerActionDir=%s", stepModel.Type(), actionDir, actionPath, rc.Config.Workdir, rc.ActionCacheDir(), actionName, containerActionDir)
+
+		x := action.Runs.Using
+		switch {
+		case x.IsNode():
+			if err := maybeCopyToActionDir(ctx, step, actionDir, actionPath, containerActionDir); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			containerArgs := []string{"node", path.Join(containerActionDir, action.Runs.Main)}
+			logger.Debugf("executing remote job container: %s", containerArgs)
+
+			rc.ApplyExtraPath(ctx, step.getEnv())
+
+			return rc.execJobContainer(containerArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", "")(ctx)
+		case x.IsDocker():
+			location := actionLocation
+			if remoteAction == nil {
+				location = containerActionDir
+			}
+			return execAsDocker(ctx, step, actionName, actionDir, location, remoteAction == nil, stepStageMain)
+		case x.IsComposite():
+			if err := maybeCopyToActionDir(ctx, step, actionDir, actionPath, containerActionDir); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			return execAsComposite(step)(ctx)
+		case x == model.ActionRunsUsingGo:
+			if err := maybeCopyToActionDir(ctx, step, actionDir, actionPath, containerActionDir); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			rc.ApplyExtraPath(ctx, step.getEnv())
+
+			execFileName := action.Runs.Main + ".out"
+			buildArgs := []string{"go", "build", "-o", execFileName, action.Runs.Main}
+			execArgs := []string{filepath.Join(containerActionDir, execFileName)}
+
+			return common.NewPipelineExecutor(
+				rc.execJobContainer(buildArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", containerActionDir),
+				rc.execJobContainer(execArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", ""),
+			)(ctx)
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("The runs.using key must be one of: %v, got %s", []string{
+				model.ActionRunsUsingDocker,
+				model.ActionRunsUsingNode12,
+				model.ActionRunsUsingNode16,
+				model.ActionRunsUsingNode20,
+				model.ActionRunsUsingNode24,
+				model.ActionRunsUsingComposite,
+				model.ActionRunsUsingGo,
+			}, action.Runs.Using)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func setupActionEnv(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, _ *remoteAction) error {
+	rc := step.getRunContext()
+
+	// A few fields in the environment (e.g. GITHUB_ACTION_REPOSITORY)
+	// are dependent on the action. That means we can complete the
+	// setup only after resolving the whole action model and cloning
+	// the action
+	rc.withGithubEnv(ctx, step.getGithubContext(ctx), *step.getEnv())
+	populateEnvsFromSavedState(step.getEnv(), step, rc)
+	populateEnvsFromInput(ctx, step.getEnv(), step.getActionModel(), rc)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// https://github.com/nektos/act/issues/228#issuecomment-629709055
+// files in .gitignore are not copied in a Docker container
+// this causes issues with actions that ignore other important resources
+// such as `node_modules` for example
+func removeGitIgnore(ctx context.Context, directory string) error {
+	gitIgnorePath := path.Join(directory, ".gitignore")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(gitIgnorePath); err == nil {
+		// .gitignore exists
+		common.Logger(ctx).Debugf("Removing %s before docker cp", gitIgnorePath)
+		err := os.Remove(gitIgnorePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// dockerActionImageTag derives the local docker image tag used when an action
+// is built from a Dockerfile.
+//
+// For Gitea: a local action (`uses: ./` or `uses: ./path`) has an actionName
+// that is the workspace-relative path of the action. That path is identical
+// across repositories (e.g. "./" for a self-referencing action), so without
+// namespacing, every repository's local docker action would build and reuse the
+// same `act-dockeraction:latest` image on a shared docker daemon. A subsequent
+// repository would then silently run the image built for an earlier one.
+// Including the repository keeps the tag stable for caching within a repository
+// while preventing cross-repository collisions.
+// See https://gitea.com/gitea/runner/issues/1039.
+func dockerActionImageTag(repository, actionName string, localAction bool) string {
+	name := actionName
+	if localAction {
+		name = path.Join(repository, actionName)
+	}
+	// The human-readable name is sanitized by collapsing every non-alphanumeric character to "-".
+	sanitized := regexp.MustCompile("[^a-zA-Z0-9]").ReplaceAllString(name, "-")
+	if localAction {
+		// For local actions a short hash of the raw repository and action path is appended so the tag stays unique per repository.
+		sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(repository + "\x00" + actionName))
+		sanitized += "-" + hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])[:12]
+	}
+	// "-dockeraction" ensures that "./", "./test " won't get converted to "act-:latest", "act-test-:latest" which are invalid docker image names
+	image := fmt.Sprintf("%s-dockeraction:%s", sanitized, "latest")
+	image = "act-" + strings.TrimLeft(image, "-")
+	return strings.ToLower(image)
+}
+
+// TODO: break out parts of function to reduce complexicity
+func execAsDocker(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, actionName, actionDir, basedir string, localAction bool, stage stepStage) error {
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+	rc := step.getRunContext()
+	action := step.getActionModel()
+
+	var prepImage common.Executor
+	var image string
+	forcePull := false
+	if after, ok := strings.CutPrefix(action.Runs.Image, "docker://"); ok {
+		image = after
+		// Apply forcePull only for prebuild docker images
+		forcePull = rc.Config.ForcePull
+	} else {
+		image = dockerActionImageTag(step.getGithubContext(ctx).Repository, actionName, localAction)
+		contextDir, fileName := filepath.Split(filepath.Join(basedir, action.Runs.Image))
+
+		anyArchExists, err := ContainerImageExistsLocally(ctx, image, "any")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		correctArchExists, err := ContainerImageExistsLocally(ctx, image, rc.Config.ContainerArchitecture)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if anyArchExists && !correctArchExists {
+			wasRemoved, err := container.RemoveImage(ctx, image, true, true)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if !wasRemoved {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove image '%s'", image)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !correctArchExists || rc.Config.ForceRebuild {
+			logger.Debugf("image '%s' for architecture '%s' will be built from context '%s", image, rc.Config.ContainerArchitecture, contextDir)
+			var buildContext io.ReadCloser
+			if localAction {
+				buildContext, err = rc.JobContainer.GetContainerArchive(ctx, contextDir+"/.")
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				defer buildContext.Close()
+			} else if rc.Config.ActionCache != nil {
+				buildContext, err = cachedActionTar(ctx, step, actionName, contextDir)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				defer buildContext.Close()
+			}
+			prepImage = ContainerNewDockerBuildExecutor(container.NewDockerBuildExecutorInput{
+				ContextDir:   contextDir,
+				Dockerfile:   fileName,
+				ImageTag:     image,
+				BuildContext: buildContext,
+				Platform:     rc.Config.ContainerArchitecture,
+				BuildArgs:    rc.proxyBuildArgs(),
+			})
+			if buildContext == nil {
+				// Held across the whole build: the daemon drains contextDir lazily.
+				inner := prepImage
+				prepImage = func(ctx context.Context) error {
+					defer git.AcquireCloneLock(actionDir)()
+					return inner(ctx)
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			logger.Debugf("image '%s' for architecture '%s' already exists", image, rc.Config.ContainerArchitecture)
+		}
+	}
+	eval := rc.NewStepExpressionEvaluator(ctx, step)
+	cmd, err := shellquote.Split(eval.Interpolate(ctx, step.getStepModel().With["args"]))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(cmd) == 0 {
+		cmd = action.Runs.Args
+		evalDockerArgs(ctx, step, action, &cmd)
+	}
+	entrypoint, err := dockerEntrypoint(ctx, step, eval, stage)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	stepContainer := newStepContainer(ctx, step, image, cmd, entrypoint)
+	return common.NewPipelineExecutor(
+		prepImage,
+		stepContainer.Pull(forcePull),
+		stepContainer.Remove().IfBool(!rc.Config.ReuseContainers),
+		stepContainer.Create(rc.Config.ContainerCapAdd, rc.Config.ContainerCapDrop),
+		stepContainer.Start(true),
+	).Finally(
+		stepContainer.Remove().IfBool(!rc.Config.ReuseContainers && !rc.Config.AutoRemove),
+	).Finally(stepContainer.Close())(ctx)
+}
+
+// dockerEntrypoint returns the entrypoint the action's image runs with for the given
+// stage. Only the main stage honours the `entrypoint` input.
+func dockerEntrypoint(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, eval ExpressionEvaluator, stage stepStage) ([]string, error) {
+	runs := step.getActionModel().Runs
+
+	var entrypoint string
+	switch stage {
+	case stepStagePre:
+		entrypoint = runs.PreEntrypoint
+	case stepStagePost:
+		entrypoint = runs.PostEntrypoint
+	default:
+		if fields := strings.Fields(eval.Interpolate(ctx, step.getStepModel().With["entrypoint"])); len(fields) > 0 {
+			return fields, nil
+		}
+		entrypoint = runs.Entrypoint
+	}
+
+	if entrypoint == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return shellquote.Split(entrypoint)
+}
+
+func evalDockerArgs(ctx context.Context, step step, action *model.Action, cmd *[]string) {
+	rc := step.getRunContext()
+	stepModel := step.getStepModel()
+
+	inputs := make(map[string]string)
+	eval := rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(ctx)
+	// Set Defaults
+	for k, input := range action.Inputs {
+		inputs[k] = eval.Interpolate(ctx, input.Default)
+	}
+	if stepModel.With != nil {
+		for k, v := range stepModel.With {
+			inputs[k] = eval.Interpolate(ctx, v)
+		}
+	}
+	mergeIntoMap(step, step.getEnv(), inputs)
+
+	stepEE := rc.NewStepExpressionEvaluator(ctx, step)
+	for i, v := range *cmd {
+		(*cmd)[i] = stepEE.Interpolate(ctx, v)
+	}
+	mergeIntoMap(step, step.getEnv(), action.Runs.Env)
+
+	ee := rc.NewStepExpressionEvaluator(ctx, step)
+	for k, v := range *step.getEnv() {
+		(*step.getEnv())[k] = ee.Interpolate(ctx, v)
+	}
+}
+
+func newStepContainer(ctx context.Context, step step, image string, cmd, entrypoint []string) container.Container {
+	rc := step.getRunContext()
+	stepModel := step.getStepModel()
+	rawLogger := common.Logger(ctx).WithField("raw_output", true)
+	logWriter := common.NewLineWriter(rc.commandHandler(ctx), func(s string) bool {
+		if rc.Config.LogOutput {
+			rawLogger.Infof("%s", s)
+		} else {
+			rawLogger.Debugf("%s", s)
+		}
+		return true
+	})
+	envList := make([]string, 0)
+	for k, v := range *step.getEnv() {
+		envList = append(envList, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", k, v))
+	}
+
+	envList = append(envList, rc.runnerEnv(ctx)...)
+
+	binds, mounts := rc.GetBindsAndMounts()
+	networkMode := "container:" + rc.jobContainerName()
+	if rc.IsHostEnv(ctx) {
+		networkMode = "default"
+	}
+	stepContainer := ContainerNewContainer(&container.NewContainerInput{
+		Cmd:          cmd,
+		Entrypoint:   entrypoint,
+		WorkingDir:   rc.JobContainer.ToContainerPath(rc.Config.Workdir),
+		Image:        image,
+		Name:         createContainerName(rc.jobContainerName(), "STEP-"+stepModel.ID),
+		Env:          envList,
+		Mounts:       mounts,
+		NetworkMode:  networkMode,
+		Binds:        binds,
+		Stdout:       logWriter,
+		Stderr:       logWriter,
+		Privileged:   rc.Config.Privileged,
+		UsernsMode:   rc.Config.UsernsMode,
+		Platform:     rc.Config.ContainerArchitecture,
+		Options:      rc.Config.ContainerOptions,
+		AutoRemove:   rc.Config.AutoRemove,
+		ValidVolumes: rc.validVolumes(),
+		AllocatePTY:  rc.Config.AllocatePTY,
+	})
+	return stepContainer
+}
+
+func populateEnvsFromSavedState(env *map[string]string, step actionStep, rc *RunContext) {
+	state, ok := rc.IntraActionState[step.getStepModel().ID]
+	if ok {
+		for name, value := range state {
+			envName := "STATE_" + name
+			(*env)[envName] = value
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func populateEnvsFromInput(ctx context.Context, env *map[string]string, action *model.Action, rc *RunContext) {
+	eval := rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(ctx)
+	for inputID, input := range action.Inputs {
+		envKey := regexp.MustCompile("[^A-Z0-9-]").ReplaceAllString(strings.ToUpper(inputID), "_")
+		envKey = "INPUT_" + envKey
+		if _, ok := (*env)[envKey]; !ok {
+			(*env)[envKey] = eval.Interpolate(ctx, input.Default)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func getContainerActionPaths(step *model.Step, actionDir string, rc *RunContext) (string, string) {
+	actionName := ""
+	containerActionDir := "."
+	if step.Type() != model.StepTypeUsesActionRemote {
+		actionName = getOsSafeRelativePath(actionDir, rc.Config.Workdir)
+		containerActionDir = rc.JobContainer.ToContainerPath(rc.Config.Workdir) + "/" + actionName
+		actionName = "./" + actionName
+	} else if step.Type() == model.StepTypeUsesActionRemote {
+		actionName = getOsSafeRelativePath(actionDir, rc.ActionCacheDir())
+		containerActionDir = rc.JobContainer.GetActPath() + "/actions/" + actionName
+	}
+
+	if actionName == "" {
+		actionName = filepath.Base(actionDir)
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+			actionName = strings.ReplaceAll(actionName, "\\", "/")
+		}
+	}
+	return actionName, containerActionDir
+}
+
+func getOsSafeRelativePath(s, prefix string) string {
+	actionName := strings.TrimPrefix(s, prefix)
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		actionName = strings.ReplaceAll(actionName, "\\", "/")
+	}
+	actionName = strings.TrimPrefix(actionName, "/")
+
+	return actionName
+}
+
+func shouldRunPreStep(step actionStep) common.Conditional {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) bool {
+		log := common.Logger(ctx)
+
+		if step.getActionModel() == nil {
+			log.Debugf("skip pre step for '%s': no action model available", step.getStepModel())
+			return false
+		}
+
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
+func hasPreStep(step actionStep) common.Conditional {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) bool {
+		action := step.getActionModel()
+		return action.Runs.Using.IsComposite() ||
+			(action.Runs.Using.IsNode() &&
+				action.Runs.Pre != "") ||
+			(action.Runs.Using.IsDocker() &&
+				action.Runs.PreEntrypoint != "") ||
+			(action.Runs.Using == model.ActionRunsUsingGo &&
+				action.Runs.Pre != "")
+	}
+}
+
+// actionStagePaths resolves where a step's action lives and where the job container sees
+// it, for the pre and post stage.
+func actionStagePaths(step actionStep) (actionDir, actionPath, actionName, containerActionDir string) {
+	rc := step.getRunContext()
+	stepModel := step.getStepModel()
+
+	if sar, ok := step.(*stepActionRemote); ok {
+		actionDir = sar.actionDir()
+		actionPath = sar.remoteAction.Path
+	} else {
+		actionDir = filepath.Join(rc.Config.Workdir, stepModel.Uses)
+	}
+
+	actionName, containerActionDir = getContainerActionPaths(stepModel, path.Join(actionDir, actionPath), rc)
+	return actionDir, actionPath, actionName, containerActionDir
+}
+
+// execDockerActionStage runs a docker action's image for its pre or post stage.
+func execDockerActionStage(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, stage stepStage) error {
+	actionDir, actionPath, actionName, containerActionDir := actionStagePaths(step)
+
+	_, remote := step.(*stepActionRemote)
+	location := containerActionDir
+	if remote {
+		location = path.Join(actionDir, actionPath)
+	}
+	return execAsDocker(ctx, step, actionName, actionDir, location, !remote, stage)
+}
+
+func runPreStep(step actionStep) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+		logger.Debugf("run pre step for '%s'", step.getStepModel())
+
+		rc := step.getRunContext()
+		action := step.getActionModel()
+
+		actionDir, actionPath, _, containerActionDir := actionStagePaths(step)
+
+		x := action.Runs.Using
+		switch {
+		case x.IsNode():
+			// defaults in pre steps were missing, however provided inputs are available
+			populateEnvsFromInput(ctx, step.getEnv(), action, rc)
+
+			if err := maybeCopyToActionDir(ctx, step, actionDir, actionPath, containerActionDir); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			containerArgs := []string{"node", path.Join(containerActionDir, action.Runs.Pre)}
+			logger.Debugf("executing remote job container: %s", containerArgs)
+
+			rc.ApplyExtraPath(ctx, step.getEnv())
+
+			return rc.execJobContainer(containerArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", "")(ctx)
+
+		case x.IsDocker():
+			// defaults in pre steps were missing, however provided inputs are available
+			populateEnvsFromInput(ctx, step.getEnv(), action, rc)
+
+			return execDockerActionStage(ctx, step, stepStagePre)
+
+		case x.IsComposite():
+			if step.getCompositeSteps() == nil {
+				step.getCompositeRunContext(ctx)
+			}
+
+			if steps := step.getCompositeSteps(); steps != nil && steps.pre != nil {
+				return steps.pre(ctx)
+			}
+			return errors.New("missing steps in composite action")
+
+		case x == model.ActionRunsUsingGo:
+			// defaults in pre steps were missing, however provided inputs are available
+			populateEnvsFromInput(ctx, step.getEnv(), action, rc)
+
+			if err := maybeCopyToActionDir(ctx, step, actionDir, actionPath, containerActionDir); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			rc.ApplyExtraPath(ctx, step.getEnv())
+
+			execFileName := action.Runs.Pre + ".out"
+			buildArgs := []string{"go", "build", "-o", execFileName, action.Runs.Pre}
+			execArgs := []string{filepath.Join(containerActionDir, execFileName)}
+
+			return common.NewPipelineExecutor(
+				rc.execJobContainer(buildArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", containerActionDir),
+				rc.execJobContainer(execArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", ""),
+			)(ctx)
+		default:
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func shouldRunPostStep(step actionStep) common.Conditional {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) bool {
+		log := common.Logger(ctx)
+		stepResults := step.getRunContext().getStepsContext()
+		stepResult := stepResults[step.getStepModel().ID]
+
+		if stepResult == nil {
+			log.WithField("stepResult", model.StepStatusSkipped).Debugf("skipping post step for '%s'; step was not executed", step.getStepModel())
+			return false
+		}
+
+		if stepResult.Conclusion == model.StepStatusSkipped {
+			log.WithField("stepResult", model.StepStatusSkipped).Debugf("skipping post step for '%s'; main step was skipped", step.getStepModel())
+			return false
+		}
+
+		if step.getActionModel() == nil {
+			log.WithField("stepResult", model.StepStatusSkipped).Debugf("skipping post step for '%s': no action model available", step.getStepModel())
+			return false
+		}
+
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
+func hasPostStep(step actionStep) common.Conditional {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) bool {
+		action := step.getActionModel()
+		return action.Runs.Using.IsComposite() ||
+			(action.Runs.Using.IsNode() &&
+				action.Runs.Post != "") ||
+			(action.Runs.Using.IsDocker() &&
+				action.Runs.PostEntrypoint != "") ||
+			(action.Runs.Using == model.ActionRunsUsingGo &&
+				action.Runs.Post != "")
+	}
+}
+
+func runPostStep(step actionStep) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+		logger.Debugf("run post step for '%s'", step.getStepModel())
+
+		rc := step.getRunContext()
+		action := step.getActionModel()
+
+		actionDir, actionPath, _, containerActionDir := actionStagePaths(step)
+
+		x := action.Runs.Using
+		switch {
+		case x.IsNode():
+
+			populateEnvsFromSavedState(step.getEnv(), step, rc)
+
+			containerArgs := []string{"node", path.Join(containerActionDir, action.Runs.Post)}
+			logger.Debugf("executing remote job container: %s", containerArgs)
+
+			rc.ApplyExtraPath(ctx, step.getEnv())
+
+			return rc.execJobContainer(containerArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", "")(ctx)
+
+		case x.IsDocker():
+			populateEnvsFromSavedState(step.getEnv(), step, rc)
+
+			return execDockerActionStage(ctx, step, stepStagePost)
+
+		case x.IsComposite():
+			if err := maybeCopyToActionDir(ctx, step, actionDir, actionPath, containerActionDir); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			if steps := step.getCompositeSteps(); steps != nil && steps.post != nil {
+				return steps.post(ctx)
+			}
+			return errors.New("missing steps in composite action")
+
+		case x == model.ActionRunsUsingGo:
+			populateEnvsFromSavedState(step.getEnv(), step, rc)
+			rc.ApplyExtraPath(ctx, step.getEnv())
+
+			execFileName := action.Runs.Post + ".out"
+			buildArgs := []string{"go", "build", "-o", execFileName, action.Runs.Post}
+			execArgs := []string{filepath.Join(containerActionDir, execFileName)}
+
+			return common.NewPipelineExecutor(
+				rc.execJobContainer(buildArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", containerActionDir),
+				rc.execJobContainer(execArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", ""),
+			)(ctx)
+
+		default:
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/act/runner/action_cache.go

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2023 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+
+	git "github.com/go-git/go-git/v5"
+	config "github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/config"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/object"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/transport"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/transport/http"
+)
+
+type ActionCache interface {
+	Fetch(ctx context.Context, cacheDir, url, ref, token string) (string, error)
+	GetTarArchive(ctx context.Context, cacheDir, sha, includePrefix string) (io.ReadCloser, error)
+}
+
+type GoGitActionCache struct {
+	Path string
+}
+
+func (c GoGitActionCache) Fetch(ctx context.Context, cacheDir, url, ref, token string) (string, error) {
+	gitPath := path.Join(c.Path, safeFilename(cacheDir)+".git")
+	gogitrepo, err := git.PlainInit(gitPath, true)
+	if errors.Is(err, git.ErrRepositoryAlreadyExists) {
+		gogitrepo, err = git.PlainOpen(gitPath)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	tmpBranch := make([]byte, 12)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(tmpBranch); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	branchName := hex.EncodeToString(tmpBranch)
+
+	var auth transport.AuthMethod
+	if token != "" {
+		auth = &http.BasicAuth{
+			Username: "token",
+			Password: token,
+		}
+	}
+	remote, err := gogitrepo.CreateRemoteAnonymous(&config.RemoteConfig{
+		Name: "anonymous",
+		URLs: []string{
+			url,
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		_ = gogitrepo.DeleteBranch(branchName)
+	}()
+	if err := remote.FetchContext(ctx, &git.FetchOptions{
+		RefSpecs: []config.RefSpec{
+			config.RefSpec(ref + ":" + branchName),
+		},
+		Auth:  auth,
+		Force: true,
+	}); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	hash, err := gogitrepo.ResolveRevision(plumbing.Revision(branchName))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return hash.String(), nil
+}
+
+func (c GoGitActionCache) GetTarArchive(ctx context.Context, cacheDir, sha, includePrefix string) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	gitPath := path.Join(c.Path, safeFilename(cacheDir)+".git")
+	gogitrepo, err := git.PlainOpen(gitPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	commit, err := gogitrepo.CommitObject(plumbing.NewHash(sha))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	files, err := commit.Files()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	rpipe, wpipe := io.Pipe()
+	// Interrupt io.Copy using ctx
+	ch := make(chan int, 1)
+	go func() {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			wpipe.CloseWithError(ctx.Err())
+		case <-ch:
+		}
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		defer wpipe.Close()
+		defer close(ch)
+		tw := tar.NewWriter(wpipe)
+		cleanIncludePrefix := path.Clean(includePrefix)
+		wpipe.CloseWithError(files.ForEach(func(f *object.File) error {
+			if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			name := f.Name
+			if strings.HasPrefix(name, cleanIncludePrefix+"/") {
+				name = name[len(cleanIncludePrefix)+1:]
+			} else if cleanIncludePrefix != "." && name != cleanIncludePrefix {
+				return nil
+			}
+			fmode, err := f.Mode.ToOSFileMode()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if fmode&fs.ModeSymlink == fs.ModeSymlink {
+				content, err := f.Contents()
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				return tw.WriteHeader(&tar.Header{
+					Name:     name,
+					Mode:     int64(fmode),
+					Linkname: content,
+				})
+			}
+			err = tw.WriteHeader(&tar.Header{
+				Name: name,
+				Mode: int64(fmode),
+				Size: f.Size,
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			reader, err := f.Reader()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			_, err = io.Copy(tw, reader)
+			return err
+		}))
+	}()
+	return rpipe, err
+}

internal/act/runner/action_cache_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2023 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func runGit(t *testing.T, dir string, args ...string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if dir != "" {
+		args = append([]string{"-C", dir}, args...)
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command("git", args...)
+	// Fixed identity and host-config isolation so commits succeed offline regardless of the
+	// host's git config (mirrors gitCmd in act/common/git).
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(),
+		"GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=test", "[email protected]",
+		"GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=test", "[email protected]",
+		"GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL=/dev/null", "GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM=/dev/null",
+	)
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	require.NoError(t, err, string(out))
+}
+
+// TestShortShaActionRejected verifies a `uses` ref that is a shortened commit SHA is rejected
+// with a clear error. The action is resolved from a local repo (via DefaultActionInstance) so
+// this runs offline.
+func TestShortShaActionRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	// a local "remote" action repo at <root>/actions/hello-world-docker-action
+	actionRoot := t.TempDir()
+	repo := filepath.Join(actionRoot, "actions", "hello-world-docker-action")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(repo, 0o755))
+	runGit(t, "", "init", "--initial-branch=main", repo)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(repo, "action.yml"),
+		[]byte("name: hello\nruns:\n  using: node24\n  main: index.js\n"), 0o644))
+	runGit(t, repo, "add", ".")
+	runGit(t, repo, "commit", "-m", "initial")
+	out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", repo, "rev-parse", "HEAD").Output()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	shortSha := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))[:7]
+
+	// a workflow that uses the action at the short SHA
+	wfDir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "wf")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(wfDir, 0o755))
+	wf := fmt.Sprintf("on: push\njobs:\n  test:\n    runs-on: ubuntu-latest\n    steps:\n      - uses: actions/hello-world-docker-action@%s\n", shortSha)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(wfDir, "push.yml"), []byte(wf), 0o644))
+
+	runner, err := New(&Config{
+		Workdir:               wfDir,
+		EventName:             "push",
+		Platforms:             map[string]string{"ubuntu-latest": baseImage},
+		GitHubInstance:        "github.com",
+		DefaultActionInstance: actionRoot,
+		ContainerMaxLifetime:  time.Hour,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	planner, err := model.NewWorkflowPlanner(wfDir, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	plan, err := planner.PlanEvent("push")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = runner.NewPlanExecutor(plan)(common.WithDryrun(context.Background(), true))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "shortened version of a commit SHA")
+}
+
+func TestActionCache(t *testing.T) {
+	a := assert.New(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Build a local bare repo with a `js` action dir so this runs offline (formerly cloned
+	// github.com/nektos/act-test-actions over the network). allowAnySHA1InWant lets the
+	// "Fetch Sha" case fetch a commit hash directly.
+	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
+	runGit(t, "", "init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir)
+	runGit(t, remoteDir, "config", "uploadpack.allowAnySHA1InWant", "true")
+
+	workDir := t.TempDir()
+	runGit(t, "", "clone", remoteDir, workDir)
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(workDir, "js"), 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(workDir, "js", "action.yml"),
+		[]byte("name: js\nruns:\n  using: node24\n  main: index.js\n"), 0o644))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(workDir, "js", "index.js"),
+		[]byte("console.log('hello');\n"), 0o644))
+	runGit(t, workDir, "add", ".")
+	runGit(t, workDir, "commit", "-m", "initial")
+	runGit(t, workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main")
+
+	out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", workDir, "rev-parse", "main").Output()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	fullSha := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
+
+	cache := &GoGitActionCache{
+		Path: t.TempDir(),
+	}
+	cacheDir := "local/act-test-actions"
+	refs := []struct {
+		Name string
+		Ref  string
+	}{
+		{Name: "Fetch Branch Name", Ref: "main"},
+		{Name: "Fetch Branch Name Absolutely", Ref: "refs/heads/main"},
+		{Name: "Fetch HEAD", Ref: "HEAD"},
+		{Name: "Fetch Sha", Ref: fullSha},
+	}
+	for _, c := range refs {
+		t.Run(c.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			sha, err := cache.Fetch(ctx, cacheDir, remoteDir, c.Ref, "")
+			if !a.NoError(err) || !a.NotEmpty(sha) { //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+				return
+			}
+			atar, err := cache.GetTarArchive(ctx, cacheDir, sha, "js")
+			// NotNil, not NotEmpty: atar is a live io.PipeReader whose producer goroutine is
+			// writing concurrently; NotEmpty deep-reflects over its internals and races.
+			if !a.NoError(err) || !a.NotNil(atar) { //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+				return
+			}
+			// GetTarArchive streams from a background goroutine walking the shared repo.
+			// Drain and close so it finishes before the next subtest fetches into the same
+			// repo; otherwise the lingering walk races with that fetch.
+			defer func() {
+				_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, atar)
+				_ = atar.Close()
+			}()
+			mytar := tar.NewReader(atar)
+			th, err := mytar.Next()
+			if !a.NoError(err) || !a.NotEqual(0, th.Size) { //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+				return
+			}
+			buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+			// G110: Potential DoS vulnerability via decompression bomb (gosec)
+			_, err = io.Copy(buf, mytar)
+			a.NoError(err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+			str := buf.String()
+			a.NotEmpty(str)
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/act/runner/action_composite.go

@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"regexp"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
+)
+
+func evaluateCompositeInputAndEnv(ctx context.Context, parent *RunContext, step actionStep) map[string]string {
+	env := make(map[string]string)
+	stepEnv := *step.getEnv()
+	for k, v := range stepEnv {
+		// do not set current inputs into composite action
+		// the required inputs are added in the second loop
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(k, "INPUT_") {
+			env[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+
+	ee := parent.NewStepExpressionEvaluator(ctx, step)
+
+	for inputID, input := range step.getActionModel().Inputs {
+		envKey := regexp.MustCompile("[^A-Z0-9-]").ReplaceAllString(strings.ToUpper(inputID), "_")
+		envKey = "INPUT_" + strings.ToUpper(envKey)
+
+		// lookup if key is defined in the step but the already
+		// evaluated value from the environment
+		_, defined := step.getStepModel().With[inputID]
+		if value, ok := stepEnv[envKey]; defined && ok {
+			env[envKey] = value
+		} else {
+			// defaults could contain expressions
+			env[envKey] = ee.Interpolate(ctx, input.Default)
+		}
+	}
+	gh := step.getGithubContext(ctx)
+	env["GITHUB_ACTION_REPOSITORY"] = gh.ActionRepository
+	env["GITHUB_ACTION_REF"] = gh.ActionRef
+
+	return env
+}
+
+func newCompositeRunContext(ctx context.Context, parent *RunContext, step actionStep, actionPath string) *RunContext {
+	env := evaluateCompositeInputAndEnv(ctx, parent, step)
+
+	// run with the global config but without secrets
+	configCopy := *(parent.Config)
+	configCopy.Secrets = nil
+
+	// create a run context for the composite action to run in
+	compositerc := &RunContext{
+		Name:    parent.Name,
+		JobName: parent.JobName,
+		Run: &model.Run{
+			JobID: parent.Run.JobID,
+			Workflow: &model.Workflow{
+				Name: parent.Run.Workflow.Name,
+				Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{
+					parent.Run.JobID: {},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Config:       &configCopy,
+		StepResults:  map[string]*model.StepResult{},
+		JobContainer: parent.JobContainer,
+		ActionPath:   actionPath,
+		Env:          env,
+		GlobalEnv:    parent.GlobalEnv,
+		Masks:        parent.Masks,
+		ExtraPath:    parent.ExtraPath,
+		Parent:       parent,
+		EventJSON:    parent.EventJSON,
+	}
+	compositerc.ExprEval = compositerc.NewExpressionEvaluator(ctx)
+
+	return compositerc
+}
+
+// appendUniqueMasks appends the masks from src to dst, skipping any mask that
+// is already present in dst. This prevents the parent RunContext's Masks slice
+// from growing exponentially when composite actions are nested or repeated,
+// since each composite RunContext is seeded with its parent's masks.
+func appendUniqueMasks(dst, src []string) []string {
+	for _, m := range src {
+		if !slices.Contains(dst, m) {
+			dst = append(dst, m)
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+func execAsComposite(step actionStep) common.Executor {
+	rc := step.getRunContext()
+	action := step.getActionModel()
+
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		compositeRC := step.getCompositeRunContext(ctx)
+
+		steps := step.getCompositeSteps()
+
+		if steps == nil || steps.main == nil {
+			return errors.New("missing steps in composite action")
+		}
+
+		ctx = WithCompositeLogger(ctx, &compositeRC.Masks)
+
+		err := steps.main(ctx)
+
+		// Map outputs from composite RunContext to job RunContext
+		eval := compositeRC.NewExpressionEvaluator(ctx)
+		for outputName, output := range action.Outputs {
+			rc.setOutput(ctx, map[string]string{
+				"name": outputName,
+			}, eval.Interpolate(ctx, output.Value))
+		}
+
+		// compositeRC.Masks is seeded with rc.Masks (see newCompositeRunContext)
+		// and may have additional masks appended while the composite action runs.
+		// Only append masks that are not already present, otherwise nested or
+		// repeated composite actions grow rc.Masks exponentially.
+		rc.Masks = appendUniqueMasks(rc.Masks, compositeRC.Masks)
+		rc.ExtraPath = compositeRC.ExtraPath
+		// compositeRC.Env is dirty, contains INPUT_ and merged step env, only rely on compositeRC.GlobalEnv
+		mergeIntoMap := mergeIntoMapCaseSensitive
+		if rc.JobContainer.IsEnvironmentCaseInsensitive() {
+			mergeIntoMap = mergeIntoMapCaseInsensitive
+		}
+		if rc.GlobalEnv == nil {
+			rc.GlobalEnv = map[string]string{}
+		}
+		mergeIntoMap(rc.GlobalEnv, compositeRC.GlobalEnv)
+		mergeIntoMap(rc.Env, compositeRC.GlobalEnv)
+
+		return err
+	}
+}
+
+type compositeSteps struct {
+	pre  common.Executor
+	main common.Executor
+	post common.Executor
+}
+
+// Executor returns a pipeline executor for all the steps in the job
+func (rc *RunContext) compositeExecutor(action *model.Action) *compositeSteps {
+	steps := make([]common.Executor, 0)
+	preSteps := make([]common.Executor, 0)
+	var postExecutor common.Executor
+
+	sf := &stepFactoryImpl{}
+
+	for i, step := range action.Runs.Steps {
+		if step.ID == "" {
+			step.ID = strconv.Itoa(i)
+		}
+		step.Number = i
+
+		// create a copy of the step, since this composite action could
+		// run multiple times and we might modify the instance
+		stepcopy := step
+
+		step, err := sf.newStep(&stepcopy, rc)
+		if err != nil {
+			return &compositeSteps{
+				main: common.NewErrorExecutor(err),
+			}
+		}
+
+		stepID := step.getStepModel().ID
+		stepPre := rc.newCompositeCommandExecutor(step.pre())
+		preSteps = append(preSteps, newCompositeStepLogExecutor(stepPre, stepID))
+
+		steps = append(steps, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			ctx = WithCompositeStepLogger(ctx, stepID)
+			logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+			err := rc.newCompositeCommandExecutor(step.main())(ctx)
+
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.Errorf("##[error]%s", EscapeCommandData(err.Error()))
+				common.SetJobError(ctx, err)
+			} else if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				logger.Errorf("##[error]%s", EscapeCommandData(ctx.Err().Error()))
+				common.SetJobError(ctx, ctx.Err())
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+
+		// run the post executor in reverse order
+		if postExecutor != nil {
+			stepPost := rc.newCompositeCommandExecutor(step.post())
+			postExecutor = newCompositeStepLogExecutor(stepPost.Finally(postExecutor), stepID)
+		} else {
+			stepPost := rc.newCompositeCommandExecutor(step.post())
+			postExecutor = newCompositeStepLogExecutor(stepPost, stepID)
+		}
+	}
+
+	steps = append(steps, common.JobError)
+	return &compositeSteps{
+		pre: func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			return common.NewPipelineExecutor(preSteps...)(common.WithJobErrorContainer(ctx))
+		},
+		main: func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			return common.NewPipelineExecutor(steps...)(common.WithJobErrorContainer(ctx))
+		},
+		post: postExecutor,
+	}
+}
+
+func (rc *RunContext) newCompositeCommandExecutor(executor common.Executor) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		ctx = WithCompositeLogger(ctx, &rc.Masks)
+
+		// We need to inject a composite RunContext related command
+		// handler into the current running job container
+		// We need this, to support scoping commands to the composite action
+		// executing.
+		rawLogger := common.Logger(ctx).WithField("raw_output", true)
+		logWriter := common.NewLineWriter(rc.commandHandler(ctx), func(s string) bool {
+			if rc.Config.LogOutput {
+				rawLogger.Infof("%s", s)
+			} else {
+				rawLogger.Debugf("%s", s)
+			}
+			return true
+		})
+
+		oldout, olderr := rc.JobContainer.ReplaceLogWriter(logWriter, logWriter)
+		defer rc.JobContainer.ReplaceLogWriter(oldout, olderr)
+
+		return executor(ctx)
+	}
+}
+
+func newCompositeStepLogExecutor(runStep common.Executor, stepID string) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		ctx = WithCompositeStepLogger(ctx, stepID)
+		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+		err := runStep(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Errorf("##[error]%s", EscapeCommandData(err.Error()))
+			common.SetJobError(ctx, err)
+		} else if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			logger.Errorf("##[error]%s", EscapeCommandData(ctx.Err().Error()))
+			common.SetJobError(ctx, ctx.Err())
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}

internal/act/runner/action_composite_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestAppendUniqueMasks(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		dst  []string
+		src  []string
+		want []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "appends new masks",
+			dst:  []string{"a"},
+			src:  []string{"b", "c"},
+			want: []string{"a", "b", "c"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "skips masks already present",
+			dst:  []string{"a", "b"},
+			src:  []string{"a", "b"},
+			want: []string{"a", "b"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "deduplicates within src",
+			dst:  []string{"a"},
+			src:  []string{"b", "b", "a"},
+			want: []string{"a", "b"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "empty src leaves dst unchanged",
+			dst:  []string{"a"},
+			src:  nil,
+			want: []string{"a"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, appendUniqueMasks(tt.dst, tt.src))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAppendUniqueMasksNoExponentialGrowth reproduces the exponential growth of
+// the parent's Masks slice observed with nested/repeated composite actions. A
+// composite RunContext is seeded with its parent's masks and the whole seeded
+// slice was previously appended back into the parent, doubling its length on
+// every composite action.
+func TestAppendUniqueMasksNoExponentialGrowth(t *testing.T) {
+	parentMasks := []string{"secret"}
+
+	for range 20 {
+		// compositeRC.Masks starts as a copy of the parent's masks (it is
+		// seeded with parent.Masks in newCompositeRunContext).
+		compositeMasks := make([]string, len(parentMasks))
+		copy(compositeMasks, parentMasks)
+
+		parentMasks = appendUniqueMasks(parentMasks, compositeMasks)
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"secret"}, parentMasks)
+}

internal/act/runner/action_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,626 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common/git"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/container"
+
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/mock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+type closerMock struct {
+	mock.Mock
+}
+
+func (m *closerMock) Close() error {
+	m.Called()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestActionReader(t *testing.T) {
+	yaml := strings.ReplaceAll(`
+name: 'name'
+runs:
+	using: 'node16'
+	main: 'main.js'
+`, "\t", "  ")
+
+	table := []struct {
+		name        string
+		step        *model.Step
+		filename    string
+		fileContent string
+		expected    *model.Action
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "readActionYml",
+			step:        &model.Step{},
+			filename:    "action.yml",
+			fileContent: yaml,
+			expected: &model.Action{
+				Name: "name",
+				Runs: model.ActionRuns{
+					Using:  "node16",
+					Main:   "main.js",
+					PreIf:  "always()",
+					PostIf: "always()",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "readActionYaml",
+			step:        &model.Step{},
+			filename:    "action.yaml",
+			fileContent: yaml,
+			expected: &model.Action{
+				Name: "name",
+				Runs: model.ActionRuns{
+					Using:  "node16",
+					Main:   "main.js",
+					PreIf:  "always()",
+					PostIf: "always()",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "readDockerfile",
+			step:        &model.Step{},
+			filename:    "Dockerfile",
+			fileContent: "FROM ubuntu:20.04",
+			expected: &model.Action{
+				Name: "(Synthetic)",
+				Runs: model.ActionRuns{
+					Using: "docker",
+					Image: "Dockerfile",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "readWithArgs",
+			step: &model.Step{
+				With: map[string]string{
+					"args": "cmd",
+				},
+			},
+			expected: &model.Action{
+				Name: "(Synthetic)",
+				Inputs: map[string]model.Input{
+					"cwd": {
+						Description: "(Actual working directory)",
+						Required:    false,
+						Default:     "actionDir/actionPath",
+					},
+					"command": {
+						Description: "(Actual program)",
+						Required:    false,
+						Default:     "cmd",
+					},
+				},
+				Runs: model.ActionRuns{
+					Using: "node12",
+					Main:  "trampoline.js",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range table {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			closerMock := &closerMock{}
+
+			readFile := func(filename string) (io.Reader, io.Closer, error) {
+				if tt.filename != filename {
+					return nil, nil, fs.ErrNotExist
+				}
+
+				return strings.NewReader(tt.fileContent), closerMock, nil
+			}
+
+			writeFile := func(filename string, data []byte, perm fs.FileMode) error {
+				assert.Equal(t, "actionDir/actionPath/trampoline.js", filename)
+				assert.Equal(t, fs.FileMode(0o400), perm)
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			if tt.filename != "" {
+				closerMock.On("Close")
+			}
+
+			action, err := readActionImpl(context.Background(), tt.step, "actionDir", "actionPath", readFile, writeFile)
+
+			assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, action)
+
+			closerMock.AssertExpectations(t)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// With AutoRemove the daemon reaps the container on exit, so act must not remove it afterwards.
+func TestExecAsDockerAutoRemove(t *testing.T) {
+	orig := ContainerNewContainer
+	defer func() { ContainerNewContainer = orig }()
+
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		autoRemove bool
+		removes    int
+	}{
+		{false, 2}, // stale + post-run
+		{true, 1},  // post-run skipped
+	} {
+		cm := &containerMock{}
+		ContainerNewContainer = func(*container.NewContainerInput) container.ExecutionsEnvironment { return cm }
+
+		step := &stepActionRemote{
+			Step: &model.Step{ID: "1", Uses: "org/action@v1"},
+			RunContext: &RunContext{
+				Config:       &Config{AutoRemove: tc.autoRemove},
+				Run:          &model.Run{JobID: "1", Workflow: &model.Workflow{Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"1": {}}}},
+				JobContainer: cm,
+			},
+			action: &model.Action{Runs: model.ActionRuns{Using: "docker", Image: "docker://node:14"}},
+		}
+
+		removes := 0
+		cm.On("Pull", false).Return(func(context.Context) error { return nil })
+		cm.On("Remove").Return(func(context.Context) error { removes++; return nil })
+		cm.On("Create", []string(nil), []string(nil)).Return(func(context.Context) error { return nil })
+		cm.On("Start", true).Return(func(context.Context) error { return nil })
+		cm.On("Close").Return(func(context.Context) error { return nil })
+
+		require.NoError(t, execAsDocker(context.Background(), step, "action", t.TempDir(), t.TempDir(), false, stepStageMain))
+		cm.AssertExpectations(t)
+		assert.Equal(t, tc.removes, removes)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestActionRunner(t *testing.T) {
+	table := []struct {
+		name        string
+		step        actionStep
+		expectedEnv map[string]string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "with-input",
+			step: &stepActionRemote{
+				Step: &model.Step{
+					Uses: "org/repo/path@ref",
+				},
+				RunContext: &RunContext{
+					Config: &Config{},
+					Run: &model.Run{
+						JobID: "job",
+						Workflow: &model.Workflow{
+							Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{
+								"job": {
+									Name: "job",
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				action: &model.Action{
+					Inputs: map[string]model.Input{
+						"key": {
+							Default: "default value",
+						},
+					},
+					Runs: model.ActionRuns{
+						Using: "node16",
+					},
+				},
+				env: map[string]string{},
+			},
+			expectedEnv: map[string]string{"INPUT_KEY": "default value"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "restore-saved-state",
+			step: &stepActionRemote{
+				Step: &model.Step{
+					ID:   "step",
+					Uses: "org/repo/path@ref",
+				},
+				RunContext: &RunContext{
+					ActionPath: "path",
+					Config:     &Config{},
+					Run: &model.Run{
+						JobID: "job",
+						Workflow: &model.Workflow{
+							Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{
+								"job": {
+									Name: "job",
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+					CurrentStep: "post-step",
+					StepResults: map[string]*model.StepResult{
+						"step": {},
+					},
+					IntraActionState: map[string]map[string]string{
+						"step": {
+							"name": "state value",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				action: &model.Action{
+					Runs: model.ActionRuns{
+						Using: "node16",
+					},
+				},
+				env: map[string]string{},
+			},
+			expectedEnv: map[string]string{"STATE_name": "state value"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range table {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx := context.Background()
+
+			cm := &containerMock{}
+			cm.On("CopyDir", "/var/run/act/actions/dir/", "dir/", false).Return(func(ctx context.Context) error { return nil })
+
+			envMatcher := mock.MatchedBy(func(env map[string]string) bool {
+				for k, v := range tt.expectedEnv {
+					if env[k] != v {
+						return false
+					}
+				}
+				return true
+			})
+
+			cm.On("Exec", []string{"node", "/var/run/act/actions/dir/path"}, envMatcher, "", "").Return(func(ctx context.Context) error { return nil })
+
+			tt.step.getRunContext().JobContainer = cm
+
+			err := runActionImpl(tt.step, "dir", newRemoteAction("org/repo/path@ref"))(ctx)
+
+			assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+			cm.AssertExpectations(t)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewStepContainerDoesNotUseDockerSecrets(t *testing.T) {
+	cm := &containerMock{}
+
+	var captured *container.NewContainerInput
+	origContainerNewContainer := ContainerNewContainer
+	ContainerNewContainer = func(input *container.NewContainerInput) container.ExecutionsEnvironment {
+		captured = input
+		return cm
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		ContainerNewContainer = origContainerNewContainer
+	}()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	rc := &RunContext{
+		Name: "job",
+		Config: &Config{
+			Secrets: map[string]string{
+				"DOCKER_USERNAME": "docker-user",
+				"DOCKER_PASSWORD": "docker-password",
+			},
+		},
+		Run: &model.Run{
+			JobID: "job",
+			Workflow: &model.Workflow{
+				Name: "test",
+				Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{
+					"job": {},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		JobContainer: cm,
+		StepResults:  map[string]*model.StepResult{},
+	}
+	env := map[string]string{}
+	step := &stepMock{}
+	step.On("getRunContext").Return(rc)
+	step.On("getStepModel").Return(&model.Step{ID: "action"})
+	step.On("getEnv").Return(&env)
+
+	_ = newStepContainer(ctx, step, "registry.example.com/action:tag", nil, nil)
+
+	// DOCKER_USERNAME/DOCKER_PASSWORD should not be injected as pull credentials for docker action containers.
+	assert.Empty(t, captured.Username)
+	assert.Empty(t, captured.Password)
+	step.AssertExpectations(t)
+}
+
+func TestMaybeCopyToActionDirHoldsCloneLock(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	actionDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	releaseCopy := make(chan struct{})
+	release := sync.OnceFunc(func() { close(releaseCopy) })
+	defer release()
+
+	copyEntered := make(chan struct{})
+
+	cm := &containerMock{}
+	cm.On("CopyDir", "/var/run/act/actions/", actionDir+"/", false).Return(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		close(copyEntered)
+		<-releaseCopy
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	step := &stepActionRemote{
+		Step: &model.Step{Uses: "remote/action@v1"},
+		RunContext: &RunContext{
+			Config:       &Config{},
+			JobContainer: cm,
+		},
+	}
+
+	copyDone := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		copyDone <- maybeCopyToActionDir(ctx, step, actionDir, "", "/var/run/act/actions/")
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-copyEntered:
+	case err := <-copyDone:
+		t.Fatalf("maybeCopyToActionDir returned before CopyDir was entered: %v", err)
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("CopyDir was not entered within 1 second")
+	}
+
+	peerAcquired := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		unlock := git.AcquireCloneLock(actionDir)
+		close(peerAcquired)
+		unlock()
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-peerAcquired:
+		t.Fatal("peer AcquireCloneLock returned while CopyDir was running")
+	case <-time.After(50 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+
+	release()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-copyDone:
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("maybeCopyToActionDir returned error: %v", err)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("maybeCopyToActionDir did not return after CopyDir was unblocked")
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-peerAcquired:
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("peer AcquireCloneLock did not proceed after lock released")
+	}
+
+	cm.AssertExpectations(t)
+}
+
+func TestExecAsDockerHoldsCloneLockForRemoteUncached(t *testing.T) {
+	actionDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	unlockOnce := sync.OnceFunc(git.AcquireCloneLock(actionDir))
+	defer unlockOnce()
+
+	innerEntered := make(chan struct{})
+	releaseInner := make(chan struct{})
+	releaseOnce := sync.OnceFunc(func() { close(releaseInner) })
+	defer releaseOnce()
+
+	origImageExists := ContainerImageExistsLocally
+	ContainerImageExistsLocally = func(_ context.Context, _, _ string) (bool, error) {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	defer func() { ContainerImageExistsLocally = origImageExists }()
+
+	origBuildExec := ContainerNewDockerBuildExecutor
+	ContainerNewDockerBuildExecutor = func(_ container.NewDockerBuildExecutorInput) common.Executor {
+		return func(_ context.Context) error {
+			close(innerEntered)
+			<-releaseInner
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	defer func() { ContainerNewDockerBuildExecutor = origBuildExec }()
+
+	step := &stepActionRemote{
+		Step: &model.Step{ID: "1", Uses: "remote/action@v1", With: map[string]string{}},
+		RunContext: &RunContext{
+			Config: &Config{},
+			Run: &model.Run{
+				JobID: "1",
+				Workflow: &model.Workflow{
+					Name: "wf",
+					Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"1": {}},
+				},
+			},
+			JobContainer: &containerMock{},
+		},
+		action: &model.Action{Runs: model.ActionRuns{Using: "docker", Image: "Dockerfile"}},
+		env:    map[string]string{},
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- execAsDocker(ctx, step, "test-action", actionDir, actionDir, false, stepStageMain) }()
+
+	select {
+	case <-innerEntered:
+		t.Fatal("inner build executor ran before clone lock was released")
+	case err := <-done:
+		t.Fatalf("execAsDocker returned before inner was entered: %v", err)
+	case <-time.After(50 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+
+	unlockOnce()
+
+	select {
+	case <-innerEntered:
+	case err := <-done:
+		t.Fatalf("execAsDocker returned without entering inner: %v", err)
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("inner build executor not entered after lock released")
+	}
+
+	cancel()
+	releaseOnce()
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("execAsDocker did not return after inner was released and ctx was canceled")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDockerActionImageTag(t *testing.T) {
+	// Remote actions already carry a unique, ref-scoped actionName (the uses
+	// hash), so the tag must be left untouched for backwards compatibility.
+	assert.Equal(t,
+		"act-abc123-dockeraction:latest",
+		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "abc123", false),
+	)
+
+	// Local actions keep a human-readable, repository-namespaced prefix and gain a short hash suffix that makes the tag unique per (repository, actionName).
+	// See https://gitea.com/gitea/runner/issues/1039.
+	assert.Equal(t,
+		"act-owner-repo-baca2daaa2fe-dockeraction:latest",
+		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "./", true),
+	)
+	assert.Equal(t,
+		"act-owner-repo-sub-e847b61255a8-dockeraction:latest",
+		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "./sub", true),
+	)
+
+	// Sanitizing every non-alphanumeric character to "-" is lossy, so distinct inputs can collapse to the same readable prefix.
+	// The hash suffix must keep such cases apart, otherwise an image built for one repository is reused for another.
+	collisions := [][2]struct {
+		repoName   string
+		actionName string
+	}{
+		// Two different repositories, both `uses: ./`: "a/b-c" and "a-b/c" both sanitize to "a-b-c".
+		{{"a/b-c", "./"}, {"a-b/c", "./"}},
+		// A repository's root action vs another repository's sub-path action:
+		// "owner/repo-a" + "./" and "owner/repo" + "./a" both sanitize to "owner-repo-a".
+		{{"owner/repo-a", "./"}, {"owner/repo", "./a"}},
+	}
+	for _, c := range collisions {
+		assert.NotEqual(t,
+			dockerActionImageTag(c[0].repoName, c[0].actionName, true),
+			dockerActionImageTag(c[1].repoName, c[1].actionName, true),
+			"local docker action tags must differ for %q/%q vs %q/%q",
+			c[0].repoName, c[0].actionName, c[1].repoName, c[1].actionName,
+		)
+	}
+
+	// Distinct local actions within the same repository keep distinct tags.
+	assert.NotEqual(t,
+		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "./", true),
+		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "./sub", true),
+	)
+}
+
+// Only the entrypoint is stage specific: every stage of a docker action receives runs.args
+// and runs.env, and the `entrypoint` input applies to the main stage alone.
+func TestExecAsDockerStageEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
+	orig := ContainerNewContainer
+	defer func() { ContainerNewContainer = orig }()
+
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name           string
+		stage          stepStage
+		wantEntrypoint []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "main stage prefers the entrypoint input",
+			stage:          stepStageMain,
+			wantEntrypoint: []string{"input.sh"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "pre stage uses runs.pre-entrypoint",
+			stage:          stepStagePre,
+			wantEntrypoint: []string{"pre.sh", "--verbose"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "post stage uses runs.post-entrypoint",
+			stage:          stepStagePost,
+			wantEntrypoint: []string{"post.sh"},
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cm := &containerMock{}
+			var input *container.NewContainerInput
+			ContainerNewContainer = func(in *container.NewContainerInput) container.ExecutionsEnvironment {
+				input = in
+				return cm
+			}
+
+			step := &stepActionRemote{
+				Step: &model.Step{ID: "1", Uses: "org/action@v1", With: map[string]string{"entrypoint": "input.sh"}},
+				RunContext: &RunContext{
+					Config:       &Config{},
+					Run:          &model.Run{JobID: "1", Workflow: &model.Workflow{Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"1": {}}}},
+					JobContainer: cm,
+				},
+				action: &model.Action{Runs: model.ActionRuns{
+					Using:          "docker",
+					Image:          "docker://node:14",
+					PreEntrypoint:  "pre.sh --verbose",
+					Entrypoint:     "main.sh",
+					PostEntrypoint: "post.sh",
+					Args:           []string{"hello"},
+					Env:            map[string]string{"MY_VAR": "world"},
+				}},
+				env: map[string]string{},
+			}
+
+			cm.On("Pull", false).Return(func(context.Context) error { return nil })
+			cm.On("Remove").Return(func(context.Context) error { return nil })
+			cm.On("Create", []string(nil), []string(nil)).Return(func(context.Context) error { return nil })
+			cm.On("Start", true).Return(func(context.Context) error { return nil })
+			cm.On("Close").Return(func(context.Context) error { return nil })
+
+			require.NoError(t, execAsDocker(context.Background(), step, "action", t.TempDir(), t.TempDir(), false, tc.stage))
+			require.NotNil(t, input)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantEntrypoint, input.Entrypoint)
+			assert.Equal(t, []string{"hello"}, input.Cmd)
+			assert.Contains(t, input.Env, "MY_VAR=world")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDockerActionHasPreAndPostStep(t *testing.T) {
+	newStep := func(runs model.ActionRuns) actionStep {
+		return &stepActionRemote{action: &model.Action{Runs: runs}}
+	}
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	assert.False(t, hasPreStep(newStep(model.ActionRuns{Using: "docker", Image: "Dockerfile"}))(ctx))
+	assert.False(t, hasPostStep(newStep(model.ActionRuns{Using: "docker", Image: "Dockerfile"}))(ctx))
+
+	withStages := model.ActionRuns{Using: "docker", Image: "Dockerfile", PreEntrypoint: "pre.sh", PostEntrypoint: "post.sh"}
+	assert.True(t, hasPreStep(newStep(withStages))(ctx))
+	assert.True(t, hasPostStep(newStep(withStages))(ctx))
+}

internal/act/runner/cancellation_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/exprparser"
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v4"
+)
+
+// TestCancelledJobStatusEnablesAlwaysAndCancelledSteps verifies that once a job is
+// cancelled, getJobContext reports the "cancelled" status so the step `if` functions
+// evaluate the way GitHub Actions does: cancelled()/always() are true, success()/failure()
+// are false. A step that defaults to success() is therefore skipped while an always() step
+// still runs. Before the fix the status could only ever be success/failure, so cancelled()
+// was structurally impossible and cancel-only cleanup steps never ran.
+func TestCancelledJobStatusEnablesAlwaysAndCancelledSteps(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
+		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
+	})
+	rc.markCancelled()
+
+	// The core fix: the job status context now reports "cancelled" instead of being
+	// pinned to success/failure.
+	jobCtx := rc.getJobContext()
+	require.Equal(t, "cancelled", jobCtx.Status)
+
+	// Feed that status through the step-context expression functions, which is what a
+	// step `if` evaluates. On a cancelled job only always()/cancelled() are true.
+	interp := exprparser.NewInterpeter(
+		&exprparser.EvaluationEnvironment{Job: jobCtx},
+		exprparser.Config{Context: "step"},
+	)
+	for expr, want := range map[string]bool{
+		"cancelled()":  true,
+		"always()":     true,
+		"success()":    false,
+		"failure()":    false,
+		"!cancelled()": false,
+	} {
+		got, err := interp.Evaluate(expr, exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckNone)
+		require.NoErrorf(t, err, "Evaluate(%q)", expr)
+		assert.Equalf(t, want, got, "Evaluate(%q) on a cancelled job", expr)
+	}
+
+	// A step without an `if` defaults to success() and must be skipped on cancel,
+	// while an `if: always()` step must still run.
+	disabled, err := interp.Evaluate("", exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckSuccess)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, false, disabled, "default-success step must be skipped on a cancelled job")
+
+	enabled, err := interp.Evaluate("always()", exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckSuccess)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, true, enabled, "`if: always()` step must run on a cancelled job")
+}
+
+// TestMainStepsExecutorRunsAlwaysStepsAfterCancel verifies that newMainStepsExecutor does
+// not abandon the remaining steps when the run is cancelled mid-pipeline. The later step
+// still runs (so a main-stage always() step is reached), it runs under a fresh,
+// non-cancelled context, and the job is marked cancelled. The interrupt error is still
+// propagated so callers up the chain see the cancellation.
+func TestMainStepsExecutorRunsAlwaysStepsAfterCancel(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
+		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
+	})
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var ran []string
+	var laterStepCtxErr error
+	steps := []common.Executor{
+		func(_ context.Context) error {
+			ran = append(ran, "step1")
+			cancel() // server cancellation lands while step1 runs
+			return nil
+		},
+		func(c context.Context) error {
+			ran = append(ran, "always-step")
+			laterStepCtxErr = c.Err()
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := newMainStepsExecutor(rc, steps)(ctx)
+
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled, "interrupt error is propagated")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"step1", "always-step"}, ran, "the always() step still runs after cancel")
+	require.NoError(t, laterStepCtxErr, "remaining steps run under a fresh, non-cancelled context")
+	assert.True(t, rc.jobCancelled, "the job is marked cancelled")
+}
+
+// TestMainStepsExecutorMarksFailedOnTimeoutBetweenSteps guards the timeout path's symmetry with the cancel path.
+// When the job deadline (timeout-minutes) lands in the gap between two steps, the job must be marked as failed (not cancelled),
+// so always()/failure() cleanup steps run while default success() steps skip, and so the timed-out job is not reported as success.
+func TestMainStepsExecutorMarksFailedOnTimeoutBetweenSteps(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
+		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
+	})
+
+	// A short deadline that we let elapse between steps, so no step records the error itself.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Millisecond)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var ran []string
+	var laterStepCtxErr error
+	steps := []common.Executor{
+		func(c context.Context) error {
+			ran = append(ran, "step1")
+			// Block until the job deadline elapses, then return cleanly: the interrupt lands in the loop's between-steps check, not inside a step.
+			<-c.Done()
+			return nil
+		},
+		func(c context.Context) error {
+			ran = append(ran, "always-step")
+			laterStepCtxErr = c.Err()
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := newMainStepsExecutor(rc, steps)(ctx)
+
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded, "the timeout error is propagated")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"step1", "always-step"}, ran, "the always() step still runs after a timeout")
+	require.NoError(t, laterStepCtxErr, "remaining steps run under a fresh, non-expired context")
+	assert.True(t, rc.jobFailed, "a job timeout marks the job failed")
+	assert.False(t, rc.jobCancelled, "a timeout is not a cancellation")
+
+	// The status the real main-step `if` evaluation sees: "failure", so default success() steps skip while always()/failure() steps run.
+	assert.Equal(t, "failure", rc.getJobContext().Status)
+}
+
+// TestStepsExecutorRunsMainStepsAfterPreCancel verifies that a cancellation landing during the
+// pre phase does not abandon the main steps: newStepsExecutor still runs the main-steps executor,
+// so a main-stage always()/cancelled() step is reached (under a fresh, non-cancelled context),
+// the job is marked cancelled, and the cancellation is propagated. Before the fix the `.Then(...)`
+// short-circuit skipped the main steps entirely when a pre step was cancelled.
+func TestStepsExecutorRunsMainStepsAfterPreCancel(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
+		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
+	})
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var ran []string
+	var mainStepCtxErr error
+	preSteps := []common.Executor{
+		func(_ context.Context) error {
+			ran = append(ran, "pre1")
+			cancel() // server cancellation lands during the pre phase
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+	steps := []common.Executor{
+		func(c context.Context) error {
+			ran = append(ran, "always-step")
+			mainStepCtxErr = c.Err()
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := newStepsExecutor(rc, preSteps, steps)(ctx)
+
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled, "the cancellation is propagated")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"pre1", "always-step"}, ran, "the main always() step runs after a pre-phase cancel")
+	require.NoError(t, mainStepCtxErr, "the main step runs under a fresh, non-cancelled context")
+	assert.True(t, rc.jobCancelled, "the job is marked cancelled")
+}
+
+// TestStepsExecutorRunsMainStepsAfterPreFailure verifies that a failing pre step does not abandon
+// the main steps: they still run (so a main-stage always()/failure() step is reached), and the
+// pre-step error is propagated so the job is reported as failed. The main steps' own `if`
+// evaluation is what skips success()-default steps, so running them here is safe.
+func TestStepsExecutorRunsMainStepsAfterPreFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
+		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
+	})
+
+	var ran []string
+	preSteps := []common.Executor{
+		func(_ context.Context) error {
+			ran = append(ran, "pre1")
+			return assert.AnError
+		},
+	}
+	steps := []common.Executor{
+		func(_ context.Context) error {
+			ran = append(ran, "always-step")
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := newStepsExecutor(rc, preSteps, steps)(context.Background())
+
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, assert.AnError, "the pre-step error is propagated")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"pre1", "always-step"}, ran, "the main always() step runs after a pre-step failure")
+	assert.False(t, rc.jobCancelled, "a pre-step failure is not a cancellation")
+}
+
+// TestPreStepFailureAffectsMainStepIfStatus verifies the status path used by real
+// main-step `if` evaluation. A pre-step failure is not present in StepResults, so
+// recording only the context job error is not enough: getJobContext must also report
+// failure so success()-default main steps skip and failure() steps run.
+func TestPreStepFailureAffectsMainStepIfStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
+		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
+	})
+	ctx := common.WithJobErrorContainer(context.Background())
+
+	reportStepError(ctx, rc, assert.AnError)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "failure", rc.getJobContext().Status)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, common.JobError(ctx), assert.AnError)
+
+	defaultStep := &stepRun{
+		RunContext: rc,
+		Step:       &model.Step{ID: "default-step"},
+		env:        map[string]string{},
+	}
+	defaultEnabled, err := isStepEnabled(ctx, defaultStep.getIfExpression(ctx, stepStageMain), defaultStep, stepStageMain)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, defaultEnabled, "default success() main step must skip after a pre-step failure")
+
+	failureStep := &stepRun{
+		RunContext: rc,
+		Step: &model.Step{
+			ID: "failure-step",
+			If: yaml.Node{Value: "failure()"},
+		},
+		env: map[string]string{},
+	}
+	failureEnabled, err := isStepEnabled(ctx, failureStep.getIfExpression(ctx, stepStageMain), failureStep, stepStageMain)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, failureEnabled, "failure() main step must run after a pre-step failure")
+}
+
+// TestPostStepsContextCancelledIsUsableForFailingStep guards against a panic: post/cleanup
+// steps run on a context derived from the cancelled job context, and a failing post step
+// records its error via common.SetJobError. If that derived context lacks a job-error container,
+// SetJobError dereferences a nil map and panics. The post context must therefore be detached
+// from cancellation (so the steps run) yet still carry a usable error container.
+func TestPostStepsContextCancelledIsUsableForFailingStep(t *testing.T) {
+	cancelled, cancel := context.WithCancel(common.WithJobErrorContainer(context.Background()))
+	cancel()
+	require.ErrorIs(t, cancelled.Err(), context.Canceled)
+
+	postCtx, done := postStepsContext(cancelled)
+	defer done()
+
+	// Detached from cancellation, so the post steps actually run.
+	require.NoError(t, postCtx.Err(), "post context must not be cancelled")
+
+	// A failing post step records its error instead of panicking.
+	require.NotPanics(t, func() {
+		common.SetJobError(postCtx, assert.AnError)
+	}, "a failing post step must not panic on the cancel path")
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, common.JobError(postCtx), assert.AnError)
+}
+
+// TestPostStepsContextDeadlinePreservesJobError verifies the job-timeout path keeps the original
+// job-error container (via context.WithoutCancel), so the timeout failure and any post-step error
+// survive into the post phase and the job is still reported as failed.
+func TestPostStepsContextDeadlinePreservesJobError(t *testing.T) {
+	base := common.WithJobErrorContainer(context.Background())
+	common.SetJobError(base, assert.AnError)
+	expired, cancel := context.WithDeadline(base, time.Now().Add(-time.Hour))
+	defer cancel()
+	require.ErrorIs(t, expired.Err(), context.DeadlineExceeded)
+
+	postCtx, done := postStepsContext(expired)
+	defer done()
+
+	require.NoError(t, postCtx.Err(), "post context must not carry the expired deadline")
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, common.JobError(postCtx), assert.AnError, "the timeout job error must be preserved")
+}
+
+// reportStepError must treat a context.Canceled (e.g. a teardown-cancelled read) as an
+// interruption, never a job failure.
+func TestReportStepErrorTreatsCancelAsInterruption(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := &RunContext{}
+
+	// stray read cancellation while the job context is live: ignored, not a failure
+	live := common.WithJobErrorContainer(context.Background())
+	reportStepError(live, rc, context.Canceled)
+	require.NoError(t, common.JobError(live))
+	assert.False(t, rc.jobFailed)
+	assert.False(t, rc.jobCancelled)
+
+	// genuine job cancellation: recorded as cancelled, still not a failure
+	cancelled, cancel := context.WithCancel(common.WithJobErrorContainer(context.Background()))
+	cancel()
+	reportStepError(cancelled, rc, context.Canceled)
+	require.NoError(t, common.JobError(cancelled))
+	assert.False(t, rc.jobFailed)
+	assert.True(t, rc.jobCancelled)
+
+	// a real error still fails the job
+	failed := common.WithJobErrorContainer(context.Background())
+	reportStepError(failed, rc, assert.AnError)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, common.JobError(failed), assert.AnError)
+	assert.True(t, rc.jobFailed)
+}

internal/act/runner/command.go

@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+)
+
+var commandPatternGA *regexp.Regexp
+
+var commandPatternADO *regexp.Regexp
+
+func init() {
+	commandPatternGA = regexp.MustCompile("^::([^ ]+)( (.+))?::([^\r\n]*)[\r\n]+$")
+	commandPatternADO = regexp.MustCompile("^##\\[([^ ]+)( (.+))?]([^\r\n]*)[\r\n]+$")
+}
+
+func tryParseRawActionCommand(line string) (command string, kvPairs map[string]string, arg string, ok bool) {
+	if m := commandPatternGA.FindStringSubmatch(line); m != nil {
+		command = m[1]
+		kvPairs = parseKeyValuePairs(m[3], ",")
+		arg = m[4]
+		ok = true
+	} else if m := commandPatternADO.FindStringSubmatch(line); m != nil {
+		command = m[1]
+		kvPairs = parseKeyValuePairs(m[3], ";")
+		arg = m[4]
+		ok = true
+	}
+	return command, kvPairs, arg, ok
+}
+
+func (rc *RunContext) commandHandler(ctx context.Context) common.LineHandler {
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+	resumeCommand := ""
+	return func(line string) bool {
+		command, kvPairs, arg, ok := tryParseRawActionCommand(line)
+		if !ok {
+			return true
+		}
+
+		if resumeCommand != "" {
+			// There should not be any emojis in the log output for Gitea.
+			// Return true (not false) so the line still reaches the raw_output
+			// log handler; otherwise everything between ::stop-commands:: and
+			// its end token is silently dropped from the step log.
+			logger.Infof("%s", line)
+			// Resumed here rather than from the switch, because the end token is arbitrary
+			// and a token naming a real command would otherwise never resume.
+			if command == resumeCommand {
+				resumeCommand = ""
+			}
+			return true
+		}
+		arg = UnescapeCommandData(arg)
+		kvPairs = unescapeKvPairs(kvPairs)
+		if (command == "set-env" || command == "add-path") && rc.refuseUnsecureCommand(ctx, command) {
+			return true
+		}
+		switch command {
+		case "set-env":
+			rc.setEnv(ctx, kvPairs, arg)
+		case "set-output":
+			rc.setOutput(ctx, kvPairs, arg)
+		case "add-path":
+			rc.addPath(ctx, arg)
+		case "add-mask":
+			rc.AddMask(arg)
+			logger.Infof("%s", "***")
+			// The raw line is still forwarded, carrying the secret: that is how the reporter
+			// learns the mask, and it drops the row rather than writing it out.
+		case "stop-commands":
+			resumeCommand = arg
+			logger.Infof("%s", line)
+		case "save-state":
+			logger.Infof("%s", line)
+			rc.saveState(ctx, kvPairs, arg)
+		default:
+			// ::debug::, ::error::, ::warning::, ::add-matcher:: and anything unrecognised are
+			// passed through for the reporter and Gitea's web UI to render.
+			logger.Infof("%s", line)
+		}
+
+		// return true to let gitea's logger handle these special outputs also
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
+const allowUnsecureCommandsVar = "ACTIONS_ALLOW_UNSECURE_COMMANDS"
+
+// refuseUnsecureCommand reports whether a deprecated ::set-env:: or ::add-path:: command must
+// not run, recording the error that fails the step. GitHub disabled both because a step that
+// echoes untrusted content can use them to set NODE_OPTIONS or PATH for every later step.
+func (rc *RunContext) refuseUnsecureCommand(ctx context.Context, command string) bool {
+	if rc.allowUnsecureCommandsOptIn() {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// The step executor logs the failure itself, so keep this line's wording distinct.
+	common.Logger(ctx).WithField(rawOutputField, true).Errorf("##[error]%s", EscapeCommandData(fmt.Sprintf(
+		"The `%s` command is disabled: it can set the environment of every later step from untrusted output. "+
+			"Write to $GITHUB_ENV or $GITHUB_PATH instead, or set ACTIONS_ALLOW_UNSECURE_COMMANDS to allow it",
+		command)))
+
+	rc.unsecureCommandMu.Lock()
+	defer rc.unsecureCommandMu.Unlock()
+	if rc.unsecureCommandErr == nil {
+		rc.unsecureCommandErr = fmt.Errorf("the `%s` workflow command is disabled", command)
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// allowUnsecureCommandsOptIn reports whether the workflow itself asked for the deprecated
+// commands, from any env scope, as it can on GitHub.
+func (rc *RunContext) allowUnsecureCommandsOptIn() bool {
+	return isTruthyEnv(rc.currentStepEnv()[allowUnsecureCommandsVar]) ||
+		isTruthyEnv(rc.Env[allowUnsecureCommandsVar]) ||
+		isTruthyEnv(rc.GlobalEnv[allowUnsecureCommandsVar])
+}
+
+// isTruthyEnv mirrors GitHub's bool.TryParse: only "true", in any casing.
+func isTruthyEnv(v string) bool {
+	return strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(v), "true")
+}
+
+// takeUnsecureCommandError returns and clears the error left by a refused command.
+func (rc *RunContext) takeUnsecureCommandError() error {
+	rc.unsecureCommandMu.Lock()
+	defer rc.unsecureCommandMu.Unlock()
+	err := rc.unsecureCommandErr
+	rc.unsecureCommandErr = nil
+	return err
+}
+
+func (rc *RunContext) setEnv(ctx context.Context, kvPairs map[string]string, arg string) {
+	name := kvPairs["name"]
+	common.Logger(ctx).Infof("::set-env:: %s=%s", name, arg)
+	if rc.Env == nil {
+		rc.Env = make(map[string]string)
+	}
+	if rc.GlobalEnv == nil {
+		rc.GlobalEnv = map[string]string{}
+	}
+	newenv := map[string]string{
+		name: arg,
+	}
+	mergeIntoMap := mergeIntoMapCaseSensitive
+	if rc.JobContainer != nil && rc.JobContainer.IsEnvironmentCaseInsensitive() {
+		mergeIntoMap = mergeIntoMapCaseInsensitive
+	}
+	mergeIntoMap(rc.Env, newenv)
+	mergeIntoMap(rc.GlobalEnv, newenv)
+}
+
+func (rc *RunContext) setOutput(ctx context.Context, kvPairs map[string]string, arg string) {
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+	stepID := rc.CurrentStep
+	outputName := kvPairs["name"]
+	if outputMapping, ok := rc.OutputMappings[MappableOutput{StepID: stepID, OutputName: outputName}]; ok {
+		stepID = outputMapping.StepID
+		outputName = outputMapping.OutputName
+	}
+
+	result, ok := rc.StepResults[stepID]
+	if !ok {
+		logger.Infof("No outputs registered for step '%s'", stepID)
+		return
+	}
+
+	logger.Infof("::set-output:: %s=%s", outputName, arg)
+	result.Outputs[outputName] = arg
+}
+
+func (rc *RunContext) addPath(ctx context.Context, arg string) {
+	common.Logger(ctx).Infof("::add-path:: %s", arg)
+	extraPath := []string{arg}
+	for _, v := range rc.ExtraPath {
+		if v != arg {
+			extraPath = append(extraPath, v)
+		}
+	}
+	rc.ExtraPath = extraPath
+}
+
+func parseKeyValuePairs(kvPairs, separator string) map[string]string {
+	rtn := make(map[string]string)
+	kvPairList := strings.SplitSeq(kvPairs, separator)
+	for kvPair := range kvPairList {
+		kv := strings.Split(kvPair, "=")
+		if len(kv) == 2 {
+			rtn[kv[0]] = kv[1]
+		}
+	}
+	return rtn
+}
+
+// A Replacer never rescans what it wrote, so "%250A" stays a literal "%0A".
+var (
+	commandDataEscaper       = strings.NewReplacer("%", "%25", "\r", "%0D", "\n", "%0A")
+	commandDataUnescaper     = strings.NewReplacer("%25", "%", "%0D", "\r", "%0A", "\n")
+	commandPropertyUnescaper = strings.NewReplacer("%25", "%", "%0D", "\r", "%0A", "\n", "%3A", ":", "%2C", ",")
+)
+
+// EscapeCommandData encodes the data part of a "::cmd::" or "##[cmd]" line the runner writes itself,
+// so the log renderer decodes it back. Lines forwarded from step output are already escaped.
+func EscapeCommandData(arg string) string {
+	return commandDataEscaper.Replace(arg)
+}
+
+func UnescapeCommandData(arg string) string {
+	return commandDataUnescaper.Replace(arg)
+}
+
+func unescapeCommandProperty(arg string) string {
+	return commandPropertyUnescaper.Replace(arg)
+}
+
+func unescapeKvPairs(kvPairs map[string]string) map[string]string {
+	for k, v := range kvPairs {
+		kvPairs[k] = unescapeCommandProperty(v)
+	}
+	return kvPairs
+}
+
+func (rc *RunContext) saveState(_ context.Context, kvPairs map[string]string, arg string) {
+	stepID := rc.CurrentStep
+	if stepID != "" {
+		if rc.IntraActionState == nil {
+			rc.IntraActionState = map[string]map[string]string{}
+		}
+		state, ok := rc.IntraActionState[stepID]
+		if !ok {
+			state = map[string]string{}
+			rc.IntraActionState[stepID] = state
+		}
+		state[kvPairs["name"]] = arg
+	}
+}

internal/act/runner/command_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// unsecureRC opts into ::set-env:: and ::add-path::, which are refused without it.
+func unsecureRC() *RunContext {
+	return &RunContext{Env: map[string]string{allowUnsecureCommandsVar: "true"}}
+}
+
+func TestSetEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	a := assert.New(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	rc := unsecureRC()
+	handler := rc.commandHandler(ctx)
+
+	handler("::set-env name=x::valz\n")
+	a.Equal("valz", rc.Env["x"])
+}
+
+func TestStopCommandsKeepsSuppressedLinesInLog(t *testing.T) {
+	a := assert.New(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	rc := unsecureRC()
+	handler := rc.commandHandler(ctx)
+
+	// Stop command processing until the matching end token is seen.
+	a.True(handler("::stop-commands::my-end-token\n"))
+
+	// A command-shaped line while stopped must not be executed (env unchanged),
+	// but must still return true so it reaches the raw_output log handler and is
+	// not dropped from the step log.
+	a.True(handler("::set-env name=x::valz\n"))
+	a.NotContains(rc.Env, "x")
+
+	// The matching end token resumes command processing.
+	a.True(handler("::my-end-token::\n"))
+
+	// Commands are processed again after resuming.
+	a.True(handler("::set-env name=y::valy\n"))
+	a.Equal("valy", rc.Env["y"])
+}
+
+func TestSetOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	a := assert.New(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	rc := new(RunContext)
+	rc.StepResults = make(map[string]*model.StepResult)
+	handler := rc.commandHandler(ctx)
+
+	rc.CurrentStep = "my-step"
+	rc.StepResults[rc.CurrentStep] = &model.StepResult{
+		Outputs: make(map[string]string),
+	}
+	handler("::set-output name=x::valz\n")
+	a.Equal("valz", rc.StepResults["my-step"].Outputs["x"])
+
+	handler("::set-output name=x::percent2%25\n")
+	a.Equal("percent2%", rc.StepResults["my-step"].Outputs["x"])
+
+	handler("::set-output name=x::percent2%25%0Atest\n")
+	a.Equal("percent2%\ntest", rc.StepResults["my-step"].Outputs["x"])
+
+	handler("::set-output name=x::percent2%25%0Atest another3%25test\n")
+	a.Equal("percent2%\ntest another3%test", rc.StepResults["my-step"].Outputs["x"])
+
+	handler("::set-output name=x%3A::percent2%25%0Atest\n")
+	a.Equal("percent2%\ntest", rc.StepResults["my-step"].Outputs["x:"])
+
+	handler("::set-output name=x%3A%2C%0A%25%0D%3A::percent2%25%0Atest\n")
+	a.Equal("percent2%\ntest", rc.StepResults["my-step"].Outputs["x:,\n%\r:"])
+}
+
+func TestAddpath(t *testing.T) {
+	a := assert.New(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	rc := unsecureRC()
+	handler := rc.commandHandler(ctx)
+
+	handler("::add-path::/zoo\n")
+	a.Equal("/zoo", rc.ExtraPath[0])
+
+	handler("::add-path::/boo\n")
+	a.Equal("/boo", rc.ExtraPath[0])
+}
+
+func TestStopCommands(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, hook := test.NewNullLogger()
+
+	a := assert.New(t)
+	ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger)
+	rc := unsecureRC()
+	handler := rc.commandHandler(ctx)
+
+	handler("::set-env name=x::valz\n")
+	a.Equal("valz", rc.Env["x"])
+	handler("::stop-commands::my-end-token\n")
+	handler("::set-env name=x::abcd\n")
+	a.Equal("valz", rc.Env["x"])
+	handler("::my-end-token::\n")
+	handler("::set-env name=x::abcd\n")
+	a.Equal("abcd", rc.Env["x"])
+
+	messages := make([]string, 0)
+	for _, entry := range hook.AllEntries() {
+		messages = append(messages, entry.Message)
+	}
+
+	a.Contains(messages, "::set-env name=x::abcd\n")
+}
+
+// The end token is arbitrary, so one that happens to name a real command must still resume
+// rather than being swallowed by that command's case.
+func TestStopCommandsResumesOnCommandNamedToken(t *testing.T) {
+	a := assert.New(t)
+	rc := unsecureRC()
+	handler := rc.commandHandler(context.Background())
+
+	handler("::stop-commands::add-mask\n")
+	handler("::set-env name=x::suppressed\n")
+	a.NotContains(rc.Env, "x")
+
+	handler("::add-mask::\n")
+	handler("::set-env name=x::resumed\n")
+	a.Equal("resumed", rc.Env["x"])
+}
+
+func TestAddpathADO(t *testing.T) {
+	a := assert.New(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	rc := unsecureRC()
+	handler := rc.commandHandler(ctx)
+
+	handler("##[add-path]/zoo\n")
+	a.Equal("/zoo", rc.ExtraPath[0])
+
+	handler("##[add-path]/boo\n")
+	a.Equal("/boo", rc.ExtraPath[0])
+}
+
+func TestAddmask(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, hook := test.NewNullLogger()
+
+	a := assert.New(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	loggerCtx := common.WithLogger(ctx, logger)
+
+	rc := new(RunContext)
+	handler := rc.commandHandler(loggerCtx)
+	handler("::add-mask::my-secret-value\n")
+
+	a.Equal("***", hook.LastEntry().Message)
+	a.NotEqual("*my-secret-value", hook.LastEntry().Message)
+}
+
+// based on https://stackoverflow.com/a/10476304
+func captureOutput(t *testing.T, f func()) string {
+	old := os.Stdout
+	r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+	os.Stdout = w
+
+	f()
+
+	outC := make(chan string)
+
+	go func() {
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		_, err := io.Copy(&buf, r)
+		if err != nil {
+			a := assert.New(t)
+			a.Fail("io.Copy failed")
+		}
+		outC <- buf.String()
+	}()
+
+	w.Close()
+	os.Stdout = old
+	out := <-outC
+
+	return out
+}
+
+func TestAddmaskUsemask(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := new(RunContext)
+	rc.StepResults = make(map[string]*model.StepResult)
+	rc.CurrentStep = "my-step"
+	rc.StepResults[rc.CurrentStep] = &model.StepResult{
+		Outputs: make(map[string]string),
+	}
+
+	a := assert.New(t)
+
+	config := &Config{
+		Secrets:         map[string]string{},
+		InsecureSecrets: false,
+	}
+
+	re := captureOutput(t, func() {
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		ctx = WithJobLogger(ctx, "0", "testjob", config, &rc.Masks, map[string]any{})
+
+		handler := rc.commandHandler(ctx)
+		handler("::add-mask::secret\n")
+		handler("::set-output:: token=secret\n")
+	})
+
+	a.Equal("[testjob] ***\n[testjob] ::set-output:: = token=***\n", re)
+}
+
+func TestSaveState(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := &RunContext{
+		CurrentStep: "step",
+		StepResults: map[string]*model.StepResult{},
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	handler := rc.commandHandler(ctx)
+	handler("::save-state name=state-name::state-value\n")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "state-value", rc.IntraActionState["step"]["state-name"])
+}
+
+func TestEscapeCommandData(t *testing.T) {
+	a := assert.New(t)
+
+	a.Equal("a%25b%0Dc%0Ad%250A", EscapeCommandData("a%b\rc\nd%0A"))
+	a.Equal("a%b\rc\nd%0A", UnescapeCommandData("a%25b%0Dc%0Ad%250A"))
+}
+
+func TestUnsecureCommands(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		jobEnv  map[string]string
+		stepEnv map[string]string
+		optedIn bool
+	}{
+		{name: "refused with no opt-in"},
+		// GitHub reads the opt-in with bool.TryParse, so "1" is not one.
+		{name: "refused for a value bool.TryParse rejects", jobEnv: map[string]string{allowUnsecureCommandsVar: "1"}},
+		{name: "opted in through the step environment", stepEnv: map[string]string{allowUnsecureCommandsVar: "true"}, optedIn: true},
+		{name: "opted in through the job environment", jobEnv: map[string]string{allowUnsecureCommandsVar: "TRUE"}, optedIn: true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			a := assert.New(t)
+			rc := &RunContext{Env: tt.jobEnv}
+			rc.setCurrentStepEnv(tt.stepEnv)
+			handler := rc.commandHandler(context.Background())
+
+			handler("::set-env name=x::valz\n")
+			handler("::add-path::/opt/bin\n")
+
+			if !tt.optedIn {
+				a.Empty(rc.Env["x"])
+				a.Empty(rc.ExtraPath)
+				// The refusal fails the step that produced it, once.
+				require.ErrorContains(t, rc.takeUnsecureCommandError(), "set-env")
+				a.NoError(rc.takeUnsecureCommandError())
+				return
+			}
+			a.Equal("valz", rc.Env["x"])
+			a.Equal([]string{"/opt/bin"}, rc.ExtraPath)
+			a.NoError(rc.takeUnsecureCommandError())
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/act/runner/container_mock_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/container"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/mock"
+)
+
+type containerMock struct {
+	mock.Mock
+	container.Container
+	container.LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions
+}
+
+func (cm *containerMock) Create(capAdd, capDrop []string) common.Executor {
+	args := cm.Called(capAdd, capDrop)
+	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
+}
+
+func (cm *containerMock) Pull(forcePull bool) common.Executor {
+	args := cm.Called(forcePull)
+	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
+}
+
+func (cm *containerMock) Start(attach bool) common.Executor {
+	args := cm.Called(attach)
+	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
+}
+
+func (cm *containerMock) Remove() common.Executor {
+	args := cm.Called()
+	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
+}
+
+func (cm *containerMock) Close() common.Executor {
+	args := cm.Called()
+	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
+}
+
+func (cm *containerMock) UpdateFromEnv(srcPath string, env *map[string]string) common.Executor {
+	args := cm.Called(srcPath, env)
+	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
+}
+
+func (cm *containerMock) UpdateFromImageEnv(env *map[string]string) common.Executor {
+	args := cm.Called(env)
+	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
+}
+
+func (cm *containerMock) Copy(destPath string, files ...*container.FileEntry) common.Executor {
+	args := cm.Called(destPath, files)
+	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
+}
+
+func (cm *containerMock) CopyDir(destPath, srcPath string, useGitIgnore bool) common.Executor {
+	args := cm.Called(destPath, srcPath, useGitIgnore)
+	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
+}
+
+func (cm *containerMock) Exec(command []string, env map[string]string, user, workdir string) common.Executor {
+	args := cm.Called(command, env, user, workdir)
+	return args.Get(0).(func(context.Context) error)
+}
+
+func (cm *containerMock) GetContainerArchive(ctx context.Context, srcPath string) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	args := cm.Called(ctx, srcPath)
+	err, hasErr := args.Get(1).(error)
+	if !hasErr {
+		err = nil
+	}
+	return args.Get(0).(io.ReadCloser), err
+}
+
+func (cm *containerMock) DumpLogs(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return cm.Called(ctx).Error(0)
+}
+
+func (cm *containerMock) Inspect(ctx context.Context) (*container.Info, error) {
+	args := cm.Called(ctx)
+	info, _ := args.Get(0).(*container.Info)
+	err, _ := args.Get(1).(error)
+	return info, err
+}

internal/act/runner/expression.go

@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"maps"
+	"path"
+	"reflect"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/container"
+
+	_ "embed"
+
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/expreval"
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/exprparser"
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
+	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v4"
+)
+
+// ExpressionEvaluator is the interface for evaluating expressions
+type ExpressionEvaluator interface {
+	evaluate(context.Context, string, exprparser.DefaultStatusCheck) (any, error)
+	interpolate(context.Context, string) (string, error)
+	EvaluateYamlNode(context.Context, *yaml.Node) error
+	Interpolate(context.Context, string) string
+}
+
+// NewExpressionEvaluator creates a new evaluator
+func (rc *RunContext) NewExpressionEvaluator(ctx context.Context) ExpressionEvaluator {
+	return rc.NewExpressionEvaluatorWithEnv(ctx, rc.GetEnv())
+}
+
+func (rc *RunContext) NewExpressionEvaluatorWithEnv(ctx context.Context, env map[string]string) ExpressionEvaluator {
+	var workflowCallResult map[string]*model.WorkflowCallResult
+
+	// todo: cleanup EvaluationEnvironment creation
+	using := make(map[string]exprparser.Needs)
+	strategy := make(map[string]any)
+	if rc.Run != nil {
+		job := rc.Run.Job()
+		if job != nil && job.Strategy != nil {
+			strategy["fail-fast"] = job.Strategy.FailFast
+			strategy["max-parallel"] = job.Strategy.MaxParallel
+		}
+
+		jobs := rc.Run.Workflow.Jobs
+		jobNeeds := rc.Run.Job().Needs()
+
+		for _, needs := range jobNeeds {
+			using[needs] = exprparser.Needs{
+				Outputs: jobs[needs].Outputs,
+				Result:  jobs[needs].NeedsResult(),
+			}
+		}
+
+		// only setup jobs context in case of workflow_call
+		// and existing expression evaluator (this means, jobs are at
+		// least ready to run)
+		if rc.caller != nil && rc.ExprEval != nil {
+			workflowCallResult = map[string]*model.WorkflowCallResult{}
+
+			for jobName, job := range jobs {
+				result := model.WorkflowCallResult{
+					Outputs: map[string]string{},
+				}
+				maps.Copy(result.Outputs, job.Outputs)
+				workflowCallResult[jobName] = &result
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	ghc := rc.getGithubContext(ctx)
+	inputs := getEvaluatorInputs(ctx, rc, nil, ghc)
+
+	ee := &exprparser.EvaluationEnvironment{
+		Github: ghc,
+		Env:    env,
+		Job:    rc.getJobContext(),
+		Jobs:   &workflowCallResult,
+		// todo: should be unavailable
+		// but required to interpolate/evaluate the step outputs on the job
+		Steps:     rc.getStepsContext(),
+		Secrets:   getWorkflowSecrets(ctx, rc),
+		Vars:      getWorkflowVars(ctx, rc),
+		Strategy:  strategy,
+		Matrix:    rc.Matrix,
+		Needs:     using,
+		Inputs:    inputs,
+		HashFiles: getHashFilesFunction(ctx, rc),
+	}
+	ee.Runner = rc.getRunnerContext(ctx)
+	return expressionEvaluator{
+		interpreter: exprparser.NewInterpeter(ee, exprparser.Config{
+			Run:        rc.Run,
+			WorkingDir: rc.Config.Workdir,
+			Context:    "job",
+		}),
+	}
+}
+
+//go:embed hashfiles/index.js
+var hashfiles string
+
+// NewStepExpressionEvaluator creates a new evaluator
+func (rc *RunContext) NewStepExpressionEvaluator(ctx context.Context, step step) ExpressionEvaluator {
+	// todo: cleanup EvaluationEnvironment creation
+	job := rc.Run.Job()
+	strategy := make(map[string]any)
+	if job.Strategy != nil {
+		strategy["fail-fast"] = job.Strategy.FailFast
+		strategy["max-parallel"] = job.Strategy.MaxParallel
+	}
+
+	jobs := rc.Run.Workflow.Jobs
+	jobNeeds := rc.Run.Job().Needs()
+
+	using := make(map[string]exprparser.Needs)
+	for _, needs := range jobNeeds {
+		using[needs] = exprparser.Needs{
+			Outputs: jobs[needs].Outputs,
+			Result:  jobs[needs].NeedsResult(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	ghc := rc.getGithubContext(ctx)
+	inputs := getEvaluatorInputs(ctx, rc, step, ghc)
+
+	ee := &exprparser.EvaluationEnvironment{
+		Github:   step.getGithubContext(ctx),
+		Env:      *step.getEnv(),
+		Job:      rc.getJobContext(),
+		Steps:    rc.getStepsContext(),
+		Secrets:  getWorkflowSecrets(ctx, rc),
+		Vars:     getWorkflowVars(ctx, rc),
+		Strategy: strategy,
+		Matrix:   rc.Matrix,
+		Needs:    using,
+		// todo: should be unavailable
+		// but required to interpolate/evaluate the inputs in actions/composite
+		Inputs:    inputs,
+		HashFiles: getHashFilesFunction(ctx, rc),
+	}
+	ee.Runner = rc.getRunnerContext(ctx)
+	return expressionEvaluator{
+		interpreter: exprparser.NewInterpeter(ee, exprparser.Config{
+			Run:        rc.Run,
+			WorkingDir: rc.Config.Workdir,
+			Context:    "step",
+		}),
+	}
+}
+
+func getHashFilesFunction(ctx context.Context, rc *RunContext) func(v []reflect.Value) (any, error) {
+	hashFiles := func(v []reflect.Value) (any, error) {
+		if rc.JobContainer != nil {
+			timeed, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Minute)
+			defer cancel()
+			name := "workflow/hashfiles/index.js"
+			hout := &bytes.Buffer{}
+			herr := &bytes.Buffer{}
+			patterns := []string{}
+			followSymlink := false
+
+			for i, p := range v {
+				s := p.String()
+				if i == 0 {
+					if strings.HasPrefix(s, "--") {
+						if strings.EqualFold(s, "--follow-symbolic-links") {
+							followSymlink = true
+							continue
+						}
+						return "", fmt.Errorf("Invalid glob option %s, available option: '--follow-symbolic-links'", s)
+					}
+				}
+				patterns = append(patterns, s)
+			}
+			env := map[string]string{}
+			maps.Copy(env, rc.Env)
+			env["patterns"] = strings.Join(patterns, "\n")
+			if followSymlink {
+				env["followSymbolicLinks"] = "true"
+			}
+
+			stdout, stderr := rc.JobContainer.ReplaceLogWriter(hout, herr)
+			_ = rc.JobContainer.Copy(rc.JobContainer.GetActPath(), &container.FileEntry{
+				Name: name,
+				Mode: 0o644,
+				Body: hashfiles,
+			}).
+				Then(rc.execJobContainer([]string{"node", path.Join(rc.JobContainer.GetActPath(), name)},
+					env, "", "")).
+				Finally(func(context.Context) error {
+					rc.JobContainer.ReplaceLogWriter(stdout, stderr)
+					return nil
+				})(timeed)
+			output := hout.String() + "\n" + herr.String()
+			guard := "__OUTPUT__"
+			outstart := strings.Index(output, guard)
+			if outstart != -1 {
+				outstart += len(guard)
+				outend := strings.Index(output[outstart:], guard)
+				if outend != -1 {
+					return output[outstart : outstart+outend], nil
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	return hashFiles
+}
+
+type expressionEvaluator struct {
+	interpreter exprparser.Interpreter
+}
+
+func (ee expressionEvaluator) evaluate(ctx context.Context, in string, defaultStatusCheck exprparser.DefaultStatusCheck) (any, error) {
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+	logger.Debugf("evaluating expression '%s'", in)
+	evaluated, err := ee.interpreter.Evaluate(in, defaultStatusCheck)
+
+	// evaluated is an any: %t renders everything but a bool as "%!t(string=...)"
+	printable := regexp.MustCompile(`::add-mask::.*`).ReplaceAllString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", evaluated), "::add-mask::***)")
+	logger.Debugf("expression '%s' evaluated to '%s'", in, printable)
+
+	return evaluated, err
+}
+
+// shared returns the evaluation layer of the shared library, bound to this context so the
+// evaluation of every single expression is still logged and masked here.
+func (ee expressionEvaluator) shared(ctx context.Context) expreval.Evaluator {
+	return expreval.New(func(in string, defaultStatusCheck exprparser.DefaultStatusCheck) (any, error) {
+		return ee.evaluate(ctx, in, defaultStatusCheck)
+	})
+}
+
+func (ee expressionEvaluator) EvaluateYamlNode(ctx context.Context, node *yaml.Node) error {
+	return ee.shared(ctx).EvaluateYamlNode(node)
+}
+
+func (ee expressionEvaluator) Interpolate(ctx context.Context, in string) string {
+	out, err := ee.interpolate(ctx, in)
+	if err != nil {
+		common.Logger(ctx).Errorf("Unable to interpolate expression '%s': %s", in, err)
+		return ""
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (ee expressionEvaluator) interpolate(ctx context.Context, in string) (string, error) {
+	return ee.shared(ctx).Interpolate(in)
+}
+
+// EvalBool evaluates an expression against given evaluator. An `if:` is an expression even without
+// `${{ }}`, while literal text around one makes the whole value a string.
+func EvalBool(ctx context.Context, evaluator ExpressionEvaluator, expr string, defaultStatusCheck exprparser.DefaultStatusCheck) (bool, error) {
+	return expreval.New(func(in string, dsc exprparser.DefaultStatusCheck) (any, error) {
+		return evaluator.evaluate(ctx, in, dsc)
+	}).EvalBool(expr, defaultStatusCheck)
+}
+
+func getEvaluatorInputs(ctx context.Context, rc *RunContext, step step, ghc *model.GithubContext) map[string]any {
+	inputs := map[string]any{}
+
+	setupWorkflowInputs(ctx, &inputs, rc)
+
+	var env map[string]string
+	if step != nil {
+		env = *step.getEnv()
+	} else {
+		env = rc.GetEnv()
+	}
+
+	for k, v := range env {
+		if after, ok := strings.CutPrefix(k, "INPUT_"); ok {
+			inputs[strings.ToLower(after)] = v
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ghc.EventName == "workflow_dispatch" {
+		config := rc.Run.Workflow.WorkflowDispatchConfig()
+		if config != nil && config.Inputs != nil {
+			for k, v := range config.Inputs {
+				value := nestedMapLookup(ghc.Event, "inputs", k)
+				if value == nil {
+					value = v.Default
+				}
+				inputs[k] = coerceInputValue(value, v.Type)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ghc.EventName == "workflow_call" {
+		config := rc.Run.Workflow.WorkflowCallConfig()
+		if config != nil && config.Inputs != nil {
+			for k, v := range config.Inputs {
+				value := nestedMapLookup(ghc.Event, "inputs", k)
+				if value == nil {
+					value = v.Default
+				}
+				inputs[k] = coerceInputValue(value, v.Type)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return inputs
+}
+
+// coerceInputValue converts an input value to the type declared by the workflow.
+// The event payload carries natively typed JSON values on newer Gitea versions,
+// while defaults and older servers provide strings.
+func coerceInputValue(value any, inputType string) any {
+	if inputType != "boolean" {
+		return value
+	}
+	if b, ok := value.(bool); ok {
+		return b
+	}
+	return value == "true"
+}
+
+func setupWorkflowInputs(ctx context.Context, inputs *map[string]any, rc *RunContext) {
+	if rc.caller != nil {
+		config := rc.Run.Workflow.WorkflowCallConfig()
+
+		for name, input := range config.Inputs {
+			value := rc.caller.runContext.Run.Job().With[name]
+			if value != nil {
+				if str, ok := value.(string); ok {
+					// evaluate using the calling RunContext (outside)
+					value = rc.caller.runContext.ExprEval.Interpolate(ctx, str)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if value == nil && config != nil && config.Inputs != nil {
+				value = input.Default
+				if rc.ExprEval != nil {
+					if str, ok := value.(string); ok {
+						// evaluate using the called RunContext (inside)
+						value = rc.ExprEval.Interpolate(ctx, str)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			(*inputs)[name] = coerceInputValue(value, input.Type)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func getWorkflowSecrets(ctx context.Context, rc *RunContext) map[string]string {
+	if rc.caller != nil {
+		job := rc.caller.runContext.Run.Job()
+		secrets := job.Secrets()
+
+		if secrets == nil && job.InheritSecrets() {
+			secrets = rc.caller.runContext.Config.Secrets
+		}
+
+		// Interpolate into a new map. secrets may be the shared Config.Secrets (or the job's
+		// map), which other parallel jobs read concurrently (e.g. log masking), so mutating it
+		// in place is a data race.
+		interpolated := make(map[string]string, len(secrets))
+		for k, v := range secrets {
+			interpolated[k] = rc.caller.runContext.ExprEval.Interpolate(ctx, v)
+		}
+
+		return interpolated
+	}
+
+	return rc.Config.Secrets
+}
+
+func getWorkflowVars(_ context.Context, rc *RunContext) map[string]string {
+	return rc.Config.Vars
+}

internal/act/runner/expression_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/exprparser"
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
+	assert "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	yaml "go.yaml.in/yaml/v4"
+)
+
+func createRunContext(t *testing.T) *RunContext {
+	var yml yaml.Node
+	err := yml.Encode(map[string][]any{
+		"os":  {"Linux", "Windows"},
+		"foo": {"bar", "baz"},
+	})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return &RunContext{
+		Config: &Config{
+			Workdir: ".",
+			Secrets: map[string]string{
+				"CASE_INSENSITIVE_SECRET": "value",
+			},
+			Vars: map[string]string{
+				"CASE_INSENSITIVE_VAR": "value",
+			},
+		},
+		Env: map[string]string{
+			"key": "value",
+		},
+		Run: &model.Run{
+			JobID: "job1",
+			Workflow: &model.Workflow{
+				Name: "test-workflow",
+				Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{
+					"job1": {
+						Strategy: &model.Strategy{
+							RawMatrix: yml,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Matrix: map[string]any{
+			"os":  "Linux",
+			"foo": "bar",
+		},
+		StepResults: map[string]*model.StepResult{
+			"idwithnothing": {
+				Conclusion: model.StepStatusSuccess,
+				Outcome:    model.StepStatusFailure,
+				Outputs: map[string]string{
+					"foowithnothing": "barwithnothing",
+				},
+			},
+			"id-with-hyphens": {
+				Conclusion: model.StepStatusSuccess,
+				Outcome:    model.StepStatusFailure,
+				Outputs: map[string]string{
+					"foo-with-hyphens": "bar-with-hyphens",
+				},
+			},
+			"id_with_underscores": {
+				Conclusion: model.StepStatusSuccess,
+				Outcome:    model.StepStatusFailure,
+				Outputs: map[string]string{
+					"foo_with_underscores": "bar_with_underscores",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEvaluateRunContext(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := createRunContext(t)
+	ee := rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(context.Background())
+
+	tables := []struct {
+		in      string
+		out     any
+		errMesg string
+	}{
+		{" 1 ", 1, ""},
+		// {"1 + 3", "4", ""},
+		// {"(1 + 3) * -2", "-8", ""},
+		{"'my text'", "my text", ""},
+		{"contains('my text', 'te')", true, ""},
+		{"contains('my TEXT', 'te')", true, ""},
+		{"contains(fromJSON('[\"my text\"]'), 'te')", false, ""},
+		{"contains(fromJSON('[\"foo\",\"bar\"]'), 'bar')", true, ""},
+		{"startsWith('hello world', 'He')", true, ""},
+		{"endsWith('hello world', 'ld')", true, ""},
+		{"format('0:{0} 2:{2} 1:{1}', 'zero', 'one', 'two')", "0:zero 2:two 1:one", ""},
+		{"join(fromJSON('[\"hello\"]'),'octocat')", "hello", ""},
+		{"join(fromJSON('[\"hello\",\"mona\",\"the\"]'),'octocat')", "hellooctocatmonaoctocatthe", ""},
+		{"join('hello','mona')", "hello", ""},
+		{"toJSON(env)", "{\n  \"ACT\": \"true\",\n  \"ACT_SKIP_CHECKOUT\": \"true\",\n  \"key\": \"value\"\n}", ""},
+		{"toJson(env)", "{\n  \"ACT\": \"true\",\n  \"ACT_SKIP_CHECKOUT\": \"true\",\n  \"key\": \"value\"\n}", ""},
+		{"(fromJSON('{\"foo\":\"bar\"}')).foo", "bar", ""},
+		{"(fromJson('{\"foo\":\"bar\"}')).foo", "bar", ""},
+		{"(fromJson('[\"foo\",\"bar\"]'))[1]", "bar", ""},
+		// github does return an empty string for non-existent files
+		{"hashFiles('**/non-extant-files')", "", ""},
+		{"hashFiles('**/non-extant-files', '**/more-non-extant-files')", "", ""},
+		{"hashFiles('**/non.extant.files')", "", ""},
+		{"hashFiles('**/non''extant''files')", "", ""},
+		{"success()", true, ""},
+		{"failure()", false, ""},
+		{"always()", true, ""},
+		{"cancelled()", false, ""},
+		{"github.workflow", "test-workflow", ""},
+		{"github.actor", "nektos/act", ""},
+		{"github.run_id", "1", ""},
+		{"github.run_number", "1", ""},
+		{"job.status", "success", ""},
+		{"matrix.os", "Linux", ""},
+		{"matrix.foo", "bar", ""},
+		{"env.key", "value", ""},
+		{"secrets.CASE_INSENSITIVE_SECRET", "value", ""},
+		{"secrets.case_insensitive_secret", "value", ""},
+		{"vars.CASE_INSENSITIVE_VAR", "value", ""},
+		{"vars.case_insensitive_var", "value", ""},
+		{"format('{{0}}', 'test')", "{0}", ""},
+		{"format('{{{0}}}', 'test')", "{test}", ""},
+		{"format('}}')", "}", ""},
+		{"format('echo Hello {0} ${{Test}}', 'World')", "echo Hello World ${Test}", ""},
+		{"format('echo Hello {0} ${{Test}}', github.undefined_property)", "echo Hello  ${Test}", ""},
+		{"format('echo Hello {0}{1} ${{Te{0}st}}', github.undefined_property, 'World')", "echo Hello World ${Test}", ""},
+		{"format('{0}', '{1}', 'World')", "{1}", ""},
+		{"format('{{{0}', '{1}', 'World')", "{{1}", ""},
+	}
+
+	for _, table := range tables {
+		t.Run(table.in, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assertObject := assert.New(t)
+			out, err := ee.evaluate(context.Background(), table.in, exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckNone)
+			if table.errMesg == "" {
+				assertObject.NoError(err, table.in) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+				assertObject.Equal(table.out, out, table.in)
+			} else {
+				assertObject.Error(err, table.in) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+				assertObject.Equal(table.errMesg, err.Error(), table.in)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEvaluateStep(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := createRunContext(t)
+	step := &stepRun{
+		RunContext: rc,
+	}
+
+	ee := rc.NewStepExpressionEvaluator(context.Background(), step)
+
+	tables := []struct {
+		in      string
+		out     any
+		errMesg string
+	}{
+		{"steps.idwithnothing.conclusion", model.StepStatusSuccess.String(), ""},
+		{"steps.idwithnothing.outcome", model.StepStatusFailure.String(), ""},
+		{"steps.idwithnothing.outputs.foowithnothing", "barwithnothing", ""},
+		{"steps.id-with-hyphens.conclusion", model.StepStatusSuccess.String(), ""},
+		{"steps.id-with-hyphens.outcome", model.StepStatusFailure.String(), ""},
+		{"steps.id-with-hyphens.outputs.foo-with-hyphens", "bar-with-hyphens", ""},
+		{"steps.id_with_underscores.conclusion", model.StepStatusSuccess.String(), ""},
+		{"steps.id_with_underscores.outcome", model.StepStatusFailure.String(), ""},
+		{"steps.id_with_underscores.outputs.foo_with_underscores", "bar_with_underscores", ""},
+	}
+
+	for _, table := range tables {
+		t.Run(table.in, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assertObject := assert.New(t)
+			out, err := ee.evaluate(context.Background(), table.in, exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckNone)
+			if table.errMesg == "" {
+				assertObject.NoError(err, table.in) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+				assertObject.Equal(table.out, out, table.in)
+			} else {
+				assertObject.Error(err, table.in) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+				assertObject.Equal(table.errMesg, err.Error(), table.in)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInterpolate(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := &RunContext{
+		Config: &Config{
+			Workdir: ".",
+			Secrets: map[string]string{
+				"CASE_INSENSITIVE_SECRET": "value",
+			},
+			Vars: map[string]string{
+				"CASE_INSENSITIVE_VAR": "value",
+			},
+		},
+		Env: map[string]string{
+			"KEYWITHNOTHING":       "valuewithnothing",
+			"KEY-WITH-HYPHENS":     "value-with-hyphens",
+			"KEY_WITH_UNDERSCORES": "value_with_underscores",
+			"SOMETHING_TRUE":       "true",
+			"SOMETHING_FALSE":      "false",
+		},
+		Run: &model.Run{
+			JobID: "job1",
+			Workflow: &model.Workflow{
+				Name: "test-workflow",
+				Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{
+					"job1": {},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	ee := rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(context.Background())
+	tables := []struct {
+		in  string
+		out string
+	}{
+		{" text ", " text "},
+		{" $text ", " $text "},
+		{" ${text} ", " ${text} "},
+		{" ${{          1                         }} to ${{2}} ", " 1 to 2 "},
+		{" ${{  (true || false)  }} to ${{2}} ", " true to 2 "},
+		{" ${{  (false   ||  '}}'  )    }} to ${{2}} ", " }} to 2 "},
+		{" ${{ env.KEYWITHNOTHING }} ", " valuewithnothing "},
+		{" ${{ env.KEY-WITH-HYPHENS }} ", " value-with-hyphens "},
+		{" ${{ env.KEY_WITH_UNDERSCORES }} ", " value_with_underscores "},
+		{"${{ secrets.CASE_INSENSITIVE_SECRET }}", "value"},
+		{"${{ secrets.case_insensitive_secret }}", "value"},
+		{"${{ vars.CASE_INSENSITIVE_VAR }}", "value"},
+		{"${{ vars.case_insensitive_var }}", "value"},
+		{"${{ env.UNKNOWN }}", ""},
+		{"${{ env.SOMETHING_TRUE }}", "true"},
+		{"${{ env.SOMETHING_FALSE }}", "false"},
+		{"${{ !env.SOMETHING_TRUE }}", "false"},
+		{"${{ !env.SOMETHING_FALSE }}", "false"},
+		{"${{ !env.SOMETHING_TRUE && true }}", "false"},
+		{"${{ !env.SOMETHING_FALSE && true }}", "false"},
+		{"${{ env.SOMETHING_TRUE && true }}", "true"},
+		{"${{ env.SOMETHING_FALSE && true }}", "true"},
+		{"${{ !env.SOMETHING_TRUE || true }}", "true"},
+		{"${{ !env.SOMETHING_FALSE || true }}", "true"},
+		{"${{ !env.SOMETHING_TRUE && false }}", "false"},
+		{"${{ !env.SOMETHING_FALSE && false }}", "false"},
+		{"${{ !env.SOMETHING_TRUE || false }}", "false"},
+		{"${{ !env.SOMETHING_FALSE || false }}", "false"},
+		{"${{ env.SOMETHING_TRUE || false }}", "true"},
+		{"${{ env.SOMETHING_FALSE || false }}", "false"},
+		{"${{ env.SOMETHING_FALSE }} && ${{ env.SOMETHING_TRUE }}", "false && true"},
+		{"${{ fromJSON('{}') < 2 }}", "false"},
+		{"${{ 1 }}", "1"},
+		{"${{ 1.0 }}", "1"},
+		{"${{ null }}", ""},
+		{"${{ fromJSON('[1,2]') }}", "Array"},
+		{"${{ fromJSON('{\"a\":1}') }}", "Object"},
+		// a malformed part must not restructure its neighbours, and it interpolates to nothing
+		{"${{ 1) && (2 }}", ""},
+		{"run ${{ 1) && (2 }} now", ""},
+		{"${{ 1", "${{ 1"},
+	}
+
+	for _, table := range tables {
+		t.Run("interpolate", func(t *testing.T) {
+			assertObject := assert.New(t)
+			out := ee.Interpolate(context.Background(), table.in)
+			assertObject.Equal(table.out, out, table.in)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetEvaluatorInputsBoolean(t *testing.T) {
+	workflows := map[string]string{
+		"workflow_call": `
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      flag:
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+      name:
+        type: string
+        default: gitea
+`,
+		"workflow_dispatch": `
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      flag:
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+      name:
+        type: string
+        default: gitea
+`,
+	}
+
+	tables := []struct {
+		name  string
+		event map[string]any
+		flag  any
+	}{
+		{
+			// Gitea >= 1.27 resolves the inputs server-side and sends native JSON types
+			name:  "native bool true",
+			event: map[string]any{"inputs": map[string]any{"flag": true}},
+			flag:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "native bool false",
+			event: map[string]any{"inputs": map[string]any{"flag": false}},
+			flag:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "string true",
+			event: map[string]any{"inputs": map[string]any{"flag": "true"}},
+			flag:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "string false",
+			event: map[string]any{"inputs": map[string]any{"flag": "false"}},
+			flag:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "default is used when the event carries no inputs",
+			event: map[string]any{},
+			flag:  true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for eventName, workflow := range workflows {
+		for _, table := range tables {
+			t.Run(eventName+"/"+table.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+				wf, err := model.ReadWorkflow(strings.NewReader(workflow))
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				rc := &RunContext{
+					Config: &Config{Workdir: "."},
+					Run:    &model.Run{JobID: "job1", Workflow: wf},
+				}
+				ghc := &model.GithubContext{EventName: eventName, Event: table.event}
+
+				inputs := getEvaluatorInputs(context.Background(), rc, nil, ghc)
+				assert.Equal(t, table.flag, inputs["flag"])
+				assert.Equal(t, "gitea", inputs["name"])
+			})
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/act/runner/helpers_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os/exec"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/container"
+
+	mobyclient "github.com/moby/moby/client"
+)
+
+// requireLinuxDocker skips on non-Linux hosts. Some integration workflows need Docker features
+// that only a Linux daemon provides (host networking, host /proc bind mounts); Docker Desktop
+// on macOS/Windows does not, so those tests can only run on Linux.
+func requireLinuxDocker(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" {
+		t.Skip("skipping: requires a Linux Docker host")
+	}
+}
+
+// requireDocker skips the test unless a reachable docker daemon is available.
+// GetDockerClient succeeds even without a running daemon (its ping is best-effort),
+// so the daemon has to be pinged explicitly here to decide whether to skip.
+func requireDocker(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	cli, err := container.GetDockerClient(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("skipping: docker client unavailable: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer cli.Close()
+	if _, err := cli.Ping(ctx, mobyclient.PingOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("skipping: docker daemon unreachable: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// requireHostTools skips the test unless every named executable is on PATH. Used by the
+// self-hosted (host environment) suite, which runs steps directly on the host.
+func requireHostTools(t *testing.T, tools ...string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, tool := range tools {
+		if _, err := exec.LookPath(tool); err != nil {
+			t.Skipf("skipping: required host tool %q not found: %v", tool, err)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/act/runner/job_executor.go

@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"path"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+	"unicode"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/container"
+
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/exprparser"
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
+)
+
+const maxJobSummaryBytes = 1024 * 1024
+
+// jobSummaryTruncationMarker is appended to a summary that exceeded the size limit
+// so the rendered output makes the truncation visible instead of silently cutting off.
+const jobSummaryTruncationMarker = "\n\n---\n\n*Job summary truncated: it exceeded the maximum allowed size.*\n"
+
+var (
+	jobSummaryUploadRetryDelay = time.Second
+	// jobSummaryUploadRequestTimeout bounds a single step upload request. It is kept
+	// below jobSummaryUploadPhaseTimeout so one slow or unreachable request times out
+	// and lets the remaining steps still upload within the phase budget, instead of a
+	// single stuck request consuming the whole phase.
+	jobSummaryUploadRequestTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+	// jobSummaryUploadPhaseTimeout bounds the total time spent uploading all step
+	// summaries. The uploads run inside the job cleanup budget that is also used to
+	// stop and remove the container, so a slow or unreachable endpoint must not be
+	// allowed to consume it; this keeps the remaining budget available for teardown.
+	jobSummaryUploadPhaseTimeout = 15 * time.Second
+)
+
+type jobInfo interface {
+	matrix() map[string]any
+	steps() []*model.Step
+	startContainer() common.Executor
+	stopContainer() common.Executor
+	closeContainer() common.Executor
+	interpolateOutputs() common.Executor
+	result(result string)
+}
+
+// reportStepError records a step error so the job is reported failed — except a
+// cancellation, which is an interruption, not a failure.
+func reportStepError(ctx context.Context, rc *RunContext, err error) {
+	if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+		// Defer to the job context: a genuine cancel reports cancelled, a stray teardown
+		// cancellation on a live ctx is ignored — never a step FAILURE.
+		rc.markInterrupted(ctx.Err())
+		return
+	}
+	common.Logger(ctx).Errorf("##[error]%s", EscapeCommandData(err.Error()))
+	common.SetJobError(ctx, err)
+	rc.markFailed()
+}
+
+// actionPreparer is implemented by steps that download an action before they run, so the job
+// executor can fetch all of them up front.
+type actionPreparer interface {
+	prepareActionExecutor() common.Executor
+	actionDownloadInfo() (reference, sha string, ok bool)
+}
+
+// printPrepareActions downloads every action the job uses before its first step runs and reports
+// them as actions/runner's "Prepare all required actions" section does. The steps still call
+// prepareActionExecutor themselves; it is a no-op once the action is resolved here.
+func printPrepareActions(rc *RunContext, preparers []actionPreparer) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		if len(preparers) == 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		rawLogger := common.Logger(ctx).WithField(rawOutputField, true)
+		rawLogger.Infof("Prepare all required actions")
+
+		for _, preparer := range preparers {
+			if err := preparer.prepareActionExecutor()(ctx); err != nil {
+				// No step has run yet, so the failure belongs to the job.
+				reportStepError(ctx, rc, err)
+				return err
+			}
+			reference, sha, ok := preparer.actionDownloadInfo()
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			if sha == "" {
+				rawLogger.Infof("Download action repository '%s'", reference)
+			} else {
+				rawLogger.Infof("Download action repository '%s' (SHA:%s)", reference, sha)
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// printCompleteJobName closes the setup section the way actions/runner ends its "Set up job" step.
+func printCompleteJobName(rc *RunContext) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		// Name holds a matrix combination; JobName is the shared name GitHub reports.
+		name := rc.JobName
+		if name == "" {
+			name = rc.Name
+		}
+		if name == "" && rc.Run != nil {
+			name = rc.Run.JobID
+		}
+		common.Logger(ctx).WithField(rawOutputField, true).Infof("Complete job name: %s", name)
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func newJobExecutor(info jobInfo, sf stepFactory, rc *RunContext) common.Executor {
+	steps := make([]common.Executor, 0)
+	preSteps := make([]common.Executor, 0)
+	// Collected separately: every action is downloaded before the first pre step runs.
+	stepPreSteps := make([]common.Executor, 0)
+	preparers := make([]actionPreparer, 0)
+	var postExecutor common.Executor
+
+	steps = append(steps, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+		if len(info.matrix()) > 0 {
+			logger.Infof("Matrix: %v", info.matrix())
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	infoSteps := info.steps()
+
+	if len(infoSteps) == 0 {
+		return common.NewDebugExecutor("No steps found")
+	}
+
+	preSteps = append(preSteps, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		// Have to be skipped for some Tests
+		if rc.Run == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		rc.ExprEval = rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(ctx)
+		// evaluate environment variables since they can contain
+		// GitHub's special environment variables.
+		for k, v := range rc.GetEnv() {
+			rc.Env[k] = rc.ExprEval.Interpolate(ctx, v)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	for i, stepModel := range infoSteps {
+		if stepModel == nil {
+			return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+				return fmt.Errorf("invalid Step %v: missing run or uses key", i)
+			}
+		}
+		if stepModel.ID == "" {
+			stepModel.ID = strconv.Itoa(i)
+		}
+		stepModel.Number = i
+
+		step, err := sf.newStep(stepModel, rc)
+		if err != nil {
+			return common.NewErrorExecutor(err)
+		}
+
+		if preparer, ok := step.(actionPreparer); ok {
+			preparers = append(preparers, preparer)
+		}
+
+		stepIdx := stepModel.Number
+		preExec := step.pre()
+		stepPreSteps = append(stepPreSteps, useStepLogger(rc, stepModel, stepStagePre, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			rc.CurrentStepIndex = stepIdx
+			preErr := preExec(ctx)
+			if preErr != nil {
+				reportStepError(ctx, rc, preErr)
+			} else if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				reportStepError(ctx, rc, ctx.Err())
+			}
+			return preErr
+		}))
+
+		stepExec := step.main()
+		steps = append(steps, useStepLogger(rc, stepModel, stepStageMain, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			rc.CurrentStepIndex = stepIdx
+			err := stepExec(ctx)
+			if err != nil {
+				reportStepError(ctx, rc, err)
+			} else if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				reportStepError(ctx, rc, ctx.Err())
+			}
+			return nil
+		}))
+
+		postFn := step.post()
+		postExec := useStepLogger(rc, stepModel, stepStagePost, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			rc.CurrentStepIndex = stepIdx
+			err := postFn(ctx)
+			if err != nil {
+				reportStepError(ctx, rc, err)
+			} else if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				reportStepError(ctx, rc, ctx.Err())
+			}
+			return err
+		})
+		if postExecutor != nil {
+			// run the post executor in reverse order
+			postExecutor = postExec.Finally(postExecutor)
+		} else {
+			postExecutor = postExec
+		}
+	}
+
+	// The setup section of the job log. The started hook goes first, so what it sets up is
+	// in place for the first action download and the first step.
+	preSteps = append(preSteps, rc.runJobStartedHook)
+	preSteps = append(preSteps, printPrepareActions(rc, preparers))
+	preSteps = append(preSteps, stepPreSteps...)
+	preSteps = append(preSteps, printCompleteJobName(rc))
+
+	// Ahead of the teardown below, while the job environment is still up.
+	postExecutor = postExecutor.Finally(rc.runJobCompletedHook)
+
+	postExecutor = postExecutor.Finally(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		jobError := common.JobError(ctx)
+		var err error
+		// jobError == nil keeps a failed job's container alive for post-mortem debugging when
+		// AutoRemove is off (the act-CLI --rm behavior; the shipped runner always sets
+		// AutoRemove). A cancelled run is not a failure to inspect, and the cancel-path post
+		// context now carries its own error container so a failing post step makes jobError
+		// non-nil — OR in rc.jobCancelled so cancellation still always tears the container down.
+		if rc.Config.AutoRemove || jobError == nil || rc.jobCancelled {
+			// always allow 1 min for stopping and removing the runner, even if we were cancelled
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(common.WithLogger(context.Background(), common.Logger(ctx)), time.Minute)
+			defer cancel()
+
+			logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+			tryUploadJobSummary(ctx, rc)
+			// For Gitea
+			// We don't need to call `stopServiceContainers` here since it will be called by following `info.stopContainer`
+			// logger.Infof("Cleaning up services for job %s", rc.JobName)
+			// if err := rc.stopServiceContainers()(ctx); err != nil {
+			// 	logger.Errorf("Error while cleaning services: %v", err)
+			// }
+
+			logger.Infof("Cleaning up container for job %s", rc.JobName)
+			if err = info.stopContainer()(ctx); err != nil {
+				logger.Errorf("##[error]%s", EscapeCommandData("Error while stop job container: "+err.Error()))
+			}
+
+			// For Gitea
+			// We don't need to call `NewDockerNetworkRemoveExecutor` here since it is called by above `info.stopContainer`
+			// if !rc.IsHostEnv(ctx) && rc.Config.ContainerNetworkMode == "" {
+			// 	// clean network in docker mode only
+			// 	// if the value of `ContainerNetworkMode` is empty string,
+			// 	// it means that the network to which containers are connecting is created by `runner`,
+			// 	// so, we should remove the network at last.
+			// 	networkName, _ := rc.networkName()
+			// 	logger.Infof("Cleaning up network for job %s, and network name is: %s", rc.JobName, networkName)
+			// 	if err := container.NewDockerNetworkRemoveExecutor(networkName)(ctx); err != nil {
+			// 		logger.Errorf("Error while cleaning network: %v", err)
+			// 	}
+			// }
+		}
+		setJobResult(ctx, info, rc, jobError == nil)
+		setJobOutputs(ctx, rc)
+
+		return err
+	})
+
+	stepsExecutor := newStepsExecutor(rc, preSteps, steps)
+
+	return common.NewPipelineExecutor(info.startContainer(), stepsExecutor.
+		Finally(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			// Record an interrupt (backstop for interrupts that land outside the main
+			// step loop) so the post steps observe the cancelled/failed job status.
+			rc.markInterrupted(ctx.Err())
+			postCtx, cancel := postStepsContext(ctx)
+			defer cancel()
+			return postExecutor(postCtx)
+		}).
+		Finally(info.interpolateOutputs()).
+		Finally(info.closeContainer()))
+}
+
+// postStepsContext derives the context used to run the job's post/cleanup steps from the
+// finished main-pipeline context. Cleanup has to run even when the run was interrupted, so the
+// returned context always carries a fresh bounded deadline and is never itself cancelled.
+//
+//   - context.Canceled (server cancel): detach from the cancelled context via a fresh root so
+//     the post steps can run.
+//   - context.DeadlineExceeded (job timeout): detach the deadline with WithoutCancel, which
+//     keeps the original values — including the job-error container — so the timeout failure and
+//     any post-step error are preserved and the job is still reported as failed.
+//   - otherwise: run on the live context unchanged.
+func postStepsContext(ctx context.Context) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+	switch ctx.Err() {
+	case context.Canceled:
+		// The cancelled context is abandoned for a fresh root, which drops the job-error
+		// container installed at the job root. Re-attach a fresh one so a failing post step
+		// records its error via SetJobError instead of panicking on a nil container.
+		return context.WithTimeout(common.WithJobErrorContainer(common.WithLogger(context.Background(), common.Logger(ctx))), 5*time.Minute)
+	case context.DeadlineExceeded:
+		return context.WithTimeout(context.WithoutCancel(ctx), 5*time.Minute)
+	default:
+		return ctx, func() {}
+	}
+}
+
+// newStepsExecutor sequences the job's pre steps and main steps.
+//
+// The pre steps run as a normal pipeline that short-circuits on the first failure or
+// cancellation. The main-steps executor then runs unconditionally — even if a pre step failed
+// or the job was interrupted — so always()/cancelled()/failure() main steps still run, mirroring
+// GitHub Actions. This is safe because each main step re-evaluates its own `if` (a pre-step
+// failure flips the expression job status to failure, so success()-default steps skip) and
+// newMainStepsExecutor detaches from an interrupted context before running the remaining steps.
+//
+// A pre-step failure or interrupt is still propagated so the job is reported with the correct
+// conclusion; the pre error takes precedence since it happened first.
+func newStepsExecutor(rc *RunContext, preSteps, steps []common.Executor) common.Executor {
+	preExecutor := common.NewPipelineExecutor(preSteps...)
+	mainExecutor := newMainStepsExecutor(rc, steps)
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		preErr := preExecutor(ctx)
+		mainErr := mainExecutor(ctx)
+		if preErr != nil {
+			return preErr
+		}
+		return mainErr
+	}
+}
+
+// newMainStepsExecutor runs the job's main-stage step executors in order. Unlike a plain
+// pipeline, an interruption (context.Canceled from a server cancel, or context.DeadlineExceeded
+// from the job timeout) does not abandon the remaining steps: it marks the job cancelled when
+// appropriate and keeps iterating under a fresh, bounded context so steps whose `if` still
+// evaluates true — always() and cancelled() — run for cleanup, mirroring GitHub Actions. Steps
+// that default to success() skip themselves because success() is false once the job is no longer
+// successful. The main-step wrappers report their own errors and return nil, so the loop drives
+// step ordering off the context, not return values.
+func newMainStepsExecutor(rc *RunContext, steps []common.Executor) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		for i, step := range steps {
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				return runMainStepsAfterInterrupt(ctx, rc, steps[i:])
+			}
+			_ = step(ctx)
+		}
+		// An interrupt can land during the final step, after the loop's last context
+		// check; record it so the post steps still observe the cancelled/failed status.
+		rc.markInterrupted(ctx.Err())
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// runMainStepsAfterInterrupt runs the remaining main steps after the job context was cancelled or
+// timed out. It detaches from the interrupted context (keeping its values: logger and job error)
+// and applies a fresh deadline so always()/cancelled() steps run to completion. The original
+// interrupt error is returned so callers up the chain still see the job as cancelled/timed out.
+func runMainStepsAfterInterrupt(ctx context.Context, rc *RunContext, steps []common.Executor) error {
+	interruptErr := ctx.Err()
+	rc.markInterrupted(interruptErr)
+	freshCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.WithoutCancel(ctx), 5*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+	for _, step := range steps {
+		_ = step(freshCtx)
+	}
+	return interruptErr
+}
+
+func setJobResult(ctx context.Context, info jobInfo, rc *RunContext, success bool) {
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+
+	// Matrix combinations share one *model.Job and run in parallel; serialize the
+	// read-modify-write of the job result so a failing combination is not lost-updated by a
+	// concurrent succeeding one.
+	job := rc.Run.Job()
+	var continueOnError bool
+	if !success {
+		// Use a fresh context so an expired job timeout cannot block expression evaluation.
+		evalCtx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), common.Logger(ctx))
+		continueOnError = evaluateJobContinueOnError(evalCtx, rc, job)
+	}
+	jobResult := func() string {
+		defer lockJob(job)()
+		result := "success"
+		// we have only one result for a whole matrix build, so we need
+		// to keep an existing result state if we run a matrix
+		if len(info.matrix()) > 0 && job.Result != "" {
+			result = job.Result
+		}
+		if !success {
+			result = "failure"
+			job.SetContinueOnError(continueOnError)
+		}
+		info.result(result)
+		return result
+	}()
+
+	if rc.caller != nil {
+		// set reusable workflow job result
+		rc.caller.setReusedWorkflowJobResult(rc.JobName, jobResult) // For Gitea
+		return
+	}
+
+	jobResultMessage := "succeeded"
+	if jobResult != "success" {
+		jobResultMessage = "failed"
+	}
+
+	logger.WithField("jobResult", jobResult).Infof("Job %s", jobResultMessage)
+}
+
+func setJobOutputs(ctx context.Context, rc *RunContext) {
+	if rc.caller != nil {
+		// map outputs for reusable workflows
+		callerOutputs := make(map[string]string)
+
+		ee := rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(ctx)
+
+		for k, v := range rc.Run.Workflow.WorkflowCallConfig().Outputs {
+			callerOutputs[k] = ee.Interpolate(ctx, ee.Interpolate(ctx, v.Value))
+		}
+
+		// Matrix combinations of a reusable-workflow caller share the caller's *model.Job;
+		// serialize the write so parallel combos don't race on its Outputs field.
+		callerJob := rc.caller.runContext.Run.Job()
+		defer lockJob(callerJob)()
+		callerJob.Outputs = callerOutputs
+	}
+}
+
+// applyJobTimeout applies the job-level timeout-minutes to ctx, mirroring the
+// step-level evaluateStepTimeout in step.go.
+func applyJobTimeout(ctx context.Context, rc *RunContext, job *model.Job) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+	timeout := rc.ExprEval.Interpolate(ctx, job.TimeoutMinutes)
+	if timeout != "" {
+		if timeoutMinutes, err := strconv.ParseInt(timeout, 10, 64); err == nil {
+			return context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Duration(timeoutMinutes)*time.Minute)
+		}
+	}
+	return ctx, func() {}
+}
+
+// evaluateJobContinueOnError evaluates the job-level continue-on-error expression.
+func evaluateJobContinueOnError(ctx context.Context, rc *RunContext, job *model.Job) bool {
+	expr := strings.TrimSpace(job.RawContinueOnError)
+	if expr == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	continueOnError, err := EvalBool(ctx, rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(ctx), expr, exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckNone)
+	if err != nil {
+		common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("continue-on-error expression %q evaluation failed: %v", expr, err)
+		return false
+	}
+	return continueOnError
+}
+
+func tryUploadJobSummary(ctx context.Context, rc *RunContext) {
+	if rc == nil || rc.JobContainer == nil || rc.Config == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	// Bound the whole upload phase so a slow or unreachable endpoint cannot consume
+	// the job cleanup budget reserved for stopping and removing the container.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, jobSummaryUploadPhaseTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+	env := rc.GetEnv()
+	caps := strings.TrimSpace(env["GITEA_ACTIONS_CAPABILITIES"])
+	if !hasJobSummaryCapability(caps) {
+		// Server did not advertise support. Do not attempt upload.
+		return
+	}
+	runtimeURL := strings.TrimSpace(env["ACTIONS_RUNTIME_URL"])
+	runtimeToken := strings.TrimSpace(env["ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN"])
+	runID := strings.TrimSpace(env["GITEA_RUN_ID"])
+	if runtimeURL == "" || runtimeToken == "" || runID == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	if rc.Run == nil || rc.Run.Job() == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	// The numeric ActionRunJob ID is not exposed in the proto Task message or task context,
+	// but the server signs it into the ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN JWT claims. We decode the
+	// unverified claims to retrieve it; the server re-verifies the token on the request.
+	jobID := extractJobIDFromRuntimeToken(runtimeToken)
+	if jobID <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	base := strings.TrimRight(runtimeURL, "/") + "/_apis/pipelines/workflows/" + runID +
+		"/jobs/" + strconv.FormatInt(jobID, 10) + "/steps/"
+	actPath := rc.JobContainer.GetActPath()
+	// Reuse a single client across all step uploads so connections can be pooled.
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: jobSummaryUploadRequestTimeout}
+	for i := range rc.Run.Job().Steps {
+		summaryPath := path.Join(actPath, "workflow", "step-summary-"+strconv.Itoa(i)+".md")
+		body, ok := readSingleFileFromContainerArchive(ctx, rc.JobContainer, summaryPath, maxJobSummaryBytes)
+		if !ok || len(body) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		uploadJobSummary(ctx, client, base+strconv.Itoa(i)+"/summary", runtimeToken, body)
+	}
+}
+
+// extractJobIDFromRuntimeToken returns the JobID claim from an ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN JWT
+// without verifying its signature. Returns 0 if the token is unparseable or has no JobID.
+func extractJobIDFromRuntimeToken(token string) int64 {
+	parts := strings.Split(token, ".")
+	if len(parts) != 3 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	payload, err := base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(parts[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	var claims struct {
+		JobID int64 `json:"JobID"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(payload, &claims); err != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return claims.JobID
+}
+
+func hasJobSummaryCapability(caps string) bool {
+	return slices.Contains(strings.FieldsFunc(caps, func(r rune) bool {
+		return r == ',' || unicode.IsSpace(r)
+	}), "job-summary")
+}
+
+func uploadJobSummary(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client, url, runtimeToken string, body []byte) {
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+
+	var lastStatus int
+	var lastErr error
+	for attempt := 0; attempt < 2; attempt++ {
+		status, err := putJobSummary(ctx, client, url, runtimeToken, body)
+		if err == nil && status/100 == 2 {
+			return
+		}
+		lastStatus = status
+		lastErr = err
+		if attempt == 1 || !isTransientJobSummaryUploadFailure(status, err) {
+			break
+		}
+		timer := time.NewTimer(jobSummaryUploadRetryDelay)
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			timer.Stop()
+			lastErr = ctx.Err()
+			attempt = 1
+		case <-timer.C:
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Best-effort only; do not fail job, but log because capability was advertised.
+	if lastErr != nil {
+		logger.WithError(lastErr).Warn("job summary upload failed")
+		return
+	}
+	logger.Warnf("job summary upload failed: status=%d", lastStatus)
+}
+
+func putJobSummary(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client, url, runtimeToken string, body []byte) (int, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPut, url, bytes.NewReader(body))
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+runtimeToken)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "text/markdown; charset=utf-8")
+
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, resp.Body)
+	return resp.StatusCode, nil
+}
+
+func isTransientJobSummaryUploadFailure(status int, err error) bool {
+	return err != nil || status == http.StatusRequestTimeout || status == http.StatusTooManyRequests || status/100 == 5
+}
+
+func readSingleFileFromContainerArchive(ctx context.Context, env container.ExecutionsEnvironment, p string, maxBytes int64) ([]byte, bool) {
+	rc, err := env.GetContainerArchive(ctx, p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	defer rc.Close()
+
+	tr := tar.NewReader(rc)
+	for {
+		header, err := tr.Next()
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			return nil, false
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false
+		}
+		if header.Typeflag != tar.TypeReg {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !archiveEntryMatchesPath(header.Name, p) {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Summaries larger than the limit are truncated rather than dropped, so the
+		// user still gets the leading content (mirroring how GitHub caps oversized
+		// step summaries instead of discarding them). Read one extra byte so an
+		// over-limit file is detected from the actual stream rather than trusting
+		// header.Size, then cap the returned content at maxBytes.
+		b, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(tr, maxBytes+1))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false
+		}
+		if int64(len(b)) > maxBytes {
+			// Reserve room for the marker so the marked-up result still fits in maxBytes.
+			marker := []byte(jobSummaryTruncationMarker)
+			keep := max(maxBytes-int64(len(marker)), 0)
+			b = append(b[:keep], marker...)
+			common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("job summary truncated: path=%s max=%d", p, maxBytes)
+		}
+		return b, true
+	}
+}
+
+func archiveEntryMatchesPath(entryName, requestedPath string) bool {
+	entryName = path.Clean(strings.TrimPrefix(entryName, "/"))
+	requestedPath = path.Clean(strings.TrimPrefix(requestedPath, "/"))
+	return entryName == requestedPath || entryName == path.Base(requestedPath)
+}
+
+func useStepLogger(rc *RunContext, stepModel *model.Step, stage stepStage, executor common.Executor) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		ctx = withStepLogger(ctx, stepModel.Number, stepModel.ID, rc.ExprEval.Interpolate(ctx, stepModel.String()), stage.String())
+
+		rawLogger := common.Logger(ctx).WithField("raw_output", true)
+		logWriter := common.NewLineWriter(rc.commandHandler(ctx), func(s string) bool {
+			if rc.Config.LogOutput {
+				rawLogger.Infof("%s", s)
+			} else {
+				rawLogger.Debugf("%s", s)
+			}
+			return true
+		})
+
+		oldout, olderr := rc.JobContainer.ReplaceLogWriter(logWriter, logWriter)
+		defer rc.JobContainer.ReplaceLogWriter(oldout, olderr)
+
+		// Flush any buffered, not-yet-newline-terminated trailing line once the
+		// step has finished, so the final line of the step's output is not lost
+		// when it is not newline-terminated.
+		defer common.FlushWriter(logWriter)
+
+		return executor(ctx)
+	}
+}

internal/act/runner/job_hooks.go

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"cmp"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"maps"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/container"
+)
+
+// GitHub's job-hook variables, read as a fallback when the settings are unset.
+const (
+	jobStartedHookEnv   = "ACTIONS_RUNNER_HOOK_JOB_STARTED"
+	jobCompletedHookEnv = "ACTIONS_RUNNER_HOOK_JOB_COMPLETED"
+)
+
+// Kept apart from the per-step file-command files, which are truncated on every step.
+const (
+	hookEnvFileCommand  = "workflow/hook-envs.txt"
+	hookPathFileCommand = "workflow/hook-path.txt"
+)
+
+func (rc *RunContext) runJobStartedHook(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return rc.runJobHook(ctx, cmp.Or(rc.Config.JobStartedHook, rc.Config.Env[jobStartedHookEnv]), "job started")
+}
+
+func (rc *RunContext) runJobCompletedHook(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return rc.runJobHook(ctx, cmp.Or(rc.Config.JobCompletedHook, rc.Config.Env[jobCompletedHookEnv]), "job completed")
+}
+
+// runJobHook runs one hook in the job environment. Either hook failing fails the job, as
+// on GitHub, where the operator is responsible for the hook's own resilience.
+func (rc *RunContext) runJobHook(ctx context.Context, hookPath, name string) error {
+	if hookPath == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	cmd, shell := hookCommand(hookPath)
+	rawLogger := common.Logger(ctx).WithField(rawOutputField, true)
+	defer rawLogger.Infof("::endgroup::")
+	rawLogger.Infof("::group::Run '%s'", EscapeCommandData(hookPath))
+	rawLogger.Infof("A %s hook has been configured by the runner administrator", name)
+	if shell != "" {
+		rawLogger.Infof("shell: %s", shell)
+	}
+
+	env := maps.Clone(rc.GetEnv())
+	if jobContainer := rc.Run.Job().Container(); jobContainer != nil {
+		maps.Copy(env, jobContainer.Env)
+	}
+	rc.withGithubEnv(ctx, rc.getGithubContext(ctx), env)
+	rc.ApplyExtraPath(ctx, &env)
+
+	err := rc.setupHookFileCommands(ctx, env)
+	if err == nil {
+		err = rc.JobContainer.Exec(cmd, env, "", "")(ctx)
+	}
+	// Processed even on failure, so a hook that exports what it managed to set up before
+	// failing still hands it to the job.
+	err = cmp.Or(err, rc.processHookFileCommands(ctx))
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	err = fmt.Errorf("the %s hook %q failed: %w", name, hookPath, err)
+	// Flip the job status the way a failing pre step does, so success()-default main steps
+	// skip and the task is reported failed.
+	reportStepError(ctx, rc, err)
+	return err
+}
+
+// setupHookFileCommands points the hook at its GITHUB_ENV and GITHUB_PATH files, so it can
+// export to the job's steps, and truncates them so the second hook does not re-read what
+// the first one wrote.
+func (rc *RunContext) setupHookFileCommands(ctx context.Context, env map[string]string) error {
+	actPath := rc.JobContainer.GetActPath()
+	env["GITHUB_ENV"] = path.Join(actPath, hookEnvFileCommand)
+	env["GITHUB_PATH"] = path.Join(actPath, hookPathFileCommand)
+	env["GITEA_ENV"] = env["GITHUB_ENV"]
+	env["GITEA_PATH"] = env["GITHUB_PATH"]
+
+	return rc.JobContainer.Copy(actPath,
+		&container.FileEntry{Name: hookEnvFileCommand, Mode: 0o666},
+		&container.FileEntry{Name: hookPathFileCommand, Mode: 0o666},
+	)(ctx)
+}
+
+func (rc *RunContext) processHookFileCommands(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if err := processRunnerEnvFileCommand(ctx, hookEnvFileCommand, rc, rc.setEnv); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return rc.UpdateExtraPath(ctx, path.Join(rc.JobContainer.GetActPath(), hookPathFileCommand))
+}
+
+// hookCommand mirrors actions/runner, which deliberately does not apply the shell flags it
+// gives `run:` steps — a hook sets its own. See docs/adrs/1751-runner-job-hooks.md there.
+// The second return value is how the invocation is shown in the log, empty when the file is
+// executed directly.
+func hookCommand(hookPath string) (cmd []string, shell string) {
+	switch strings.ToLower(path.Ext(hookPath)) {
+	case ".sh":
+		return []string{"bash", "-e", hookPath}, "bash -e {0}"
+	case ".ps1":
+		return []string{"pwsh", "-command", ". '" + hookPath + "'"}, `pwsh -command ". '{0}'"`
+	default:
+		return []string{hookPath}, ""
+	}
+}

internal/act/runner/job_hooks_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"maps"
+	"testing"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// hookContainer records the command a hook was run with and answers with what the hook
+// wrote to its GITHUB_ENV and GITHUB_PATH files.
+type hookContainer struct {
+	fakeContainer
+	cmd     []string
+	env     map[string]string
+	err     error
+	envFile map[string]string
+	pathTar []byte
+}
+
+func (c *hookContainer) ToContainerPath(path string) string { return path }
+func (c *hookContainer) IsEnvironmentCaseInsensitive() bool { return false }
+
+func (c *hookContainer) GetRunnerContext(context.Context) map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{"os": "Linux"}
+}
+
+func (c *hookContainer) Exec(command []string, env map[string]string, _, _ string) common.Executor {
+	return func(context.Context) error {
+		c.cmd, c.env = command, env
+		return c.err
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *hookContainer) UpdateFromEnv(_ string, env *map[string]string) common.Executor {
+	return func(context.Context) error {
+		maps.Copy(*env, c.envFile)
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *hookContainer) GetContainerArchive(context.Context, string) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	return io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(c.pathTar)), nil
+}
+
+// newHookRunContext returns a RunContext and the context to run a hook with, whose logger is
+// silenced so the hook's job-log output does not reach the test output.
+func newHookRunContext(jobContainer *hookContainer, config *Config) (*RunContext, context.Context) {
+	// Env is left nil so that it is built from the config, as it is for a real job.
+	rc := &RunContext{
+		Config:       config,
+		Run:          &model.Run{JobID: "job", Workflow: &model.Workflow{Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"job": {}}}},
+		JobContainer: jobContainer,
+	}
+	logger, _ := test.NewNullLogger()
+	ctx := common.WithJobErrorContainer(common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger.WithField("test", true)))
+	rc.ExprEval = rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(ctx)
+	return rc, ctx
+}
+
+func TestRunJobHook(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("runs the hook with the job environment", func(t *testing.T) {
+		jobContainer := &hookContainer{}
+		rc, ctx := newHookRunContext(jobContainer, &Config{
+			JobStartedHook: "/hooks/started.sh",
+			Env:            map[string]string{"A_VAR": "value", jobStartedHookEnv: "/from/env.sh"},
+		})
+
+		require.NoError(t, rc.runJobStartedHook(ctx))
+
+		// The setting wins over the environment variable.
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"bash", "-e", "/hooks/started.sh"}, jobContainer.cmd)
+		assert.Equal(t, "value", jobContainer.env["A_VAR"])
+		// The github environment is there too, so a hook can tell which job it runs for.
+		assert.Equal(t, "job", jobContainer.env["GITHUB_JOB"])
+		assert.Equal(t, "/var/run/act/workflow/hook-envs.txt", jobContainer.env["GITHUB_ENV"])
+		assert.Equal(t, "/var/run/act/workflow/hook-path.txt", jobContainer.env["GITHUB_PATH"])
+	})
+
+	// Each hook reads its own variable, so a swapped constant cannot pass.
+	t.Run("falls back to the GitHub environment variables", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for name, hook := range map[string]struct {
+			env string
+			run func(*RunContext, context.Context) error
+		}{
+			"started":   {jobStartedHookEnv, (*RunContext).runJobStartedHook},
+			"completed": {jobCompletedHookEnv, (*RunContext).runJobCompletedHook},
+		} {
+			t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+				jobContainer := &hookContainer{}
+				rc, ctx := newHookRunContext(jobContainer, &Config{Env: map[string]string{hook.env: "/from/env.sh"}})
+
+				require.NoError(t, hook.run(rc, ctx))
+				assert.Equal(t, []string{"bash", "-e", "/from/env.sh"}, jobContainer.cmd)
+			})
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("exports what the hook wrote to GITHUB_ENV and GITHUB_PATH", func(t *testing.T) {
+		jobContainer := &hookContainer{
+			envFile: map[string]string{"FROM_HOOK": "1"},
+			pathTar: tarArchive(t, tarEntry{name: "hook-path.txt", body: "/opt/tool/bin\n"}),
+		}
+		rc, ctx := newHookRunContext(jobContainer, &Config{JobStartedHook: "/hooks/started.sh"})
+
+		require.NoError(t, rc.runJobStartedHook(ctx))
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "1", rc.Env["FROM_HOOK"])
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"/opt/tool/bin"}, rc.ExtraPath)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("a failing hook fails the job", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rc, ctx := newHookRunContext(&hookContainer{err: errors.New("boom")}, &Config{JobStartedHook: "/hooks/started.sh"})
+
+		err := rc.runJobStartedHook(ctx)
+
+		require.ErrorContains(t, err, `the job started hook "/hooks/started.sh" failed`)
+		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "boom")
+		// The failure has to flip the job status, or success()-default steps would still
+		// run and the task would be reported successful despite the missing setup.
+		assert.Equal(t, "failure", rc.getJobContext().Status)
+		require.ErrorContains(t, common.JobError(ctx), "boom")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("is a no-op without a hook", func(t *testing.T) {
+		jobContainer := &hookContainer{}
+		rc, ctx := newHookRunContext(jobContainer, &Config{})
+
+		require.NoError(t, rc.runJobStartedHook(ctx))
+		require.NoError(t, rc.runJobCompletedHook(ctx))
+		assert.Nil(t, jobContainer.cmd)
+	})
+}
+
+// actions/runner deliberately runs a hook without the flags it gives `run:` steps, and an
+// executable without a known extension speaks for itself through its shebang.
+func TestHookCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	for hookPath, want := range map[string]struct {
+		cmd   []string
+		shell string
+	}{
+		"/hooks/started.sh":  {[]string{"bash", "-e", "/hooks/started.sh"}, "bash -e {0}"},
+		"/hooks/started.PS1": {[]string{"pwsh", "-command", ". '/hooks/started.PS1'"}, `pwsh -command ". '{0}'"`},
+		"/hooks/started":     {[]string{"/hooks/started"}, ""},
+	} {
+		cmd, shell := hookCommand(hookPath)
+		assert.Equal(t, want.cmd, cmd, hookPath)
+		assert.Equal(t, want.shell, shell, hookPath)
+	}
+}

internal/act/runner/local_repository_cache.go

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2024 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	goURL "net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/filecollector"
+)
+
+type LocalRepositoryCache struct {
+	Parent            ActionCache
+	LocalRepositories map[string]string
+	CacheDirCache     map[string]string
+}
+
+func (l *LocalRepositoryCache) Fetch(ctx context.Context, cacheDir, url, ref, token string) (string, error) {
+	if dest, ok := l.LocalRepositories[fmt.Sprintf("%s@%s", url, ref)]; ok {
+		l.CacheDirCache[fmt.Sprintf("%s@%s", cacheDir, ref)] = dest
+		return ref, nil
+	}
+	if purl, err := goURL.Parse(url); err == nil {
+		if dest, ok := l.LocalRepositories[fmt.Sprintf("%s@%s", strings.TrimPrefix(purl.Path, "/"), ref)]; ok {
+			l.CacheDirCache[fmt.Sprintf("%s@%s", cacheDir, ref)] = dest
+			return ref, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return l.Parent.Fetch(ctx, cacheDir, url, ref, token)
+}
+
+func (l *LocalRepositoryCache) GetTarArchive(ctx context.Context, cacheDir, sha, includePrefix string) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	// sha is mapped to ref in fetch if there is a local override
+	if dest, ok := l.CacheDirCache[fmt.Sprintf("%s@%s", cacheDir, sha)]; ok {
+		srcPath := filepath.Join(dest, includePrefix)
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+		tw := tar.NewWriter(buf)
+		defer tw.Close()
+		srcPath = filepath.Clean(srcPath)
+		fi, err := os.Lstat(srcPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		tc := &filecollector.TarCollector{
+			TarWriter: tw,
+		}
+		if fi.IsDir() {
+			srcPrefix := srcPath
+			if !strings.HasSuffix(srcPrefix, string(filepath.Separator)) {
+				srcPrefix += string(filepath.Separator)
+			}
+			fc := &filecollector.FileCollector{
+				Fs:        &filecollector.DefaultFs{},
+				SrcPath:   srcPath,
+				SrcPrefix: srcPrefix,
+				Handler:   tc,
+			}
+			err = filepath.Walk(srcPath, fc.CollectFiles(ctx, []string{}))
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		} else {
+			var f io.ReadCloser
+			var linkname string
+			if fi.Mode()&fs.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+				linkname, err = os.Readlink(srcPath)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+			} else {
+				f, err = os.Open(srcPath)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				defer f.Close()
+			}
+			err := tc.WriteFile(fi.Name(), fi, linkname, f)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		return io.NopCloser(buf), nil
+	}
+	return l.Parent.GetTarArchive(ctx, cacheDir, sha, includePrefix)
+}

internal/act/runner/logger.go

@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/act/common"
+
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/term"
+)
+
+const (
+	// nocolor = 0
+	red     = 31
+	green   = 32
+	yellow  = 33
+	blue    = 34
+	magenta = 35
+	cyan    = 36
+	gray    = 37
+)
+
+const (
+	rawOutputField      = "raw_output"
+	scriptLineCyanField = "script_line_cyan"
+)
+
+var (
+	colors    []int
+	nextColor int
+	mux       sync.Mutex
+)
+
+func init() {
+	nextColor = 0
+	colors = []int{
+		blue, yellow, green, magenta, red, gray, cyan,
+	}
+}
+
+type masksContextKey string
+
+const masksContextKeyVal = masksContextKey("logrus.FieldLogger")
+
+// Logger returns the appropriate logger for current context
+func Masks(ctx context.Context) *[]string {
+	val := ctx.Value(masksContextKeyVal)
+	if val != nil {
+		if masks, ok := val.(*[]string); ok {
+			return masks
+		}
+	}
+	return &[]string{}
+}
+
+// WithMasks adds a value to the context for the logger
+func WithMasks(ctx context.Context, masks *[]string) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, masksContextKeyVal, masks)
+}
+
+type JobLoggerFactory interface {
+	WithJobLogger() *logrus.Logger
+}
+
+type jobLoggerFactoryContextKey string
+
+var jobLoggerFactoryContextKeyVal = (jobLoggerFactoryContextKey)("jobloggerkey")
+
+func WithJobLoggerFactory(ctx context.Context, factory JobLoggerFactory) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, jobLoggerFactoryContextKeyVal, factory)
+}
+
+// WithJobLogger attaches a new logger to context that is aware of steps
+func WithJobLogger(ctx context.Context, jobID, jobName string, config *Config, masks *[]string, matrix map[string]any) context.Context {
+	ctx = WithMasks(ctx, masks)
+
+	var logger *logrus.Logger
+	if jobLoggerFactory, ok := ctx.Value(jobLoggerFactoryContextKeyVal).(JobLoggerFactory); ok && jobLoggerFactory != nil {
+		logger = jobLoggerFactory.WithJobLogger()
+	} else {
+		var formatter logrus.Formatter
+		if config.JSONLogger {
+			formatter = &logrus.JSONFormatter{}
+		} else {
+			mux.Lock()
+			defer mux.Unlock()
+			nextColor++
+			formatter = &jobLogFormatter{
+				color:          colors[nextColor%len(colors)],
+				logPrefixJobID: config.LogPrefixJobID,
+			}
+		}
+
+		logger = logrus.New()
+		logger.SetOutput(os.Stdout)
+		logger.SetLevel(logrus.GetLevel())
+		logger.SetFormatter(formatter)
+	}
+
+	{ // Adapt to Gitea
+		if hook := common.LoggerHook(ctx); hook != nil {
+			logger.AddHook(hook)
+		}
+		if config.JobLoggerLevel != nil {
+			logger.SetLevel(*config.JobLoggerLevel)
+		} else {
+			logger.SetLevel(logrus.TraceLevel)
+		}
+	}
+
+	logger.SetFormatter(&maskedFormatter{
+		Formatter: logger.Formatter,
+		masker:    valueMasker(config.InsecureSecrets, config.Secrets),
+	})
+	rtn := logger.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+		"job":    jobName,
+		"jobID":  jobID,
+		"dryrun": common.Dryrun(ctx),
+		"matrix": matrix,
+	}).WithContext(ctx)
+
+	return common.WithLogger(ctx, rtn)
+}
+
+func WithCompositeLogger(ctx context.Context, masks *[]string) context.Context {
+	ctx = WithMasks(ctx, masks)
+	return common.WithLogger(ctx, common.Logger(ctx).WithFields(logrus.Fields{}).WithContext(ctx))
+}
+
+func WithCompositeStepLogger(ctx context.Context, stepID string) context.Context {
+	val := common.Logger(ctx)
+	stepIDs := make([]string, 0)
+
+	if logger, ok := val.(*logrus.Entry); ok {
+		if oldStepIDs, ok := logger.Data["stepID"].([]string); ok {
+			stepIDs = append(stepIDs, oldStepIDs...)
+		}
+	}
+
+	stepIDs = append(stepIDs, stepID)
+
+	return common.WithLogger(ctx, common.Logger(ctx).WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+		"stepID": stepIDs,
+	}).WithContext(ctx))
+}
+
+func withStepLogger(ctx context.Context, stepNumber int, stepID, stepName, stageName string) context.Context {
+	rtn := common.Logger(ctx).WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+		"stepNumber": stepNumber,
+		"step":       stepName,
+		"stepID":     []string{stepID},
+		"stage":      stageName,
+	})
+	return common.WithLogger(ctx, rtn)
+}
+
+type entryProcessor func(entry *logrus.Entry) *logrus.Entry
+
+// secretValueEncoders are the shapes a secret takes on its way into a log: a base64
+// payload, a JSON string, or a URL component. An action that serializes a secret leaks
+// it in one of these forms, which a mask of the verbatim value alone does not catch, so
+// every form is masked as well. This mirrors the value encoders of GitHub's runner.
+var secretValueEncoders = []func(string) string{
+	func(v string) string { return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(v)) },
+	base64ShiftEncoder(1),
+	base64ShiftEncoder(2),
+	jsonStringEscape,
+	jsonStringEscapeNoHTML,
+	url.QueryEscape,
+	url.PathEscape,
+}
+
+// minShiftedBase64Len is the shortest shifted base64 fragment worth masking. A shorter
+// one carries too few bytes of the secret to identify it and would mask unrelated output.
+const minShiftedBase64Len = 8
+
+// base64ShiftEncoder returns the part of a secret's base64 form that survives when the
+// secret does not start on a 3-byte boundary of the payload it is embedded in. base64
+// encodes three bytes at a time, so `Authorization: Basic base64("user:token")` contains
+// the base64 of the token alone only when the prefix length happens to be a multiple of
+// three; at the other two alignments the encoding of the whole value differs. Encoding
+// the secret behind shift filler bytes reproduces those alignments, which is what the
+// Base64StringEscapeShift1/2 encoders of GitHub's runner do.
+//
+// The leading group (filler mixed with the secret's first bytes) and the trailing group
+// (padded here, but continuing into whatever follows the secret) are dropped, leaving the
+// group-aligned middle that does appear verbatim in the log.
+func base64ShiftEncoder(shift int) func(string) string {
+	return func(v string) string {
+		buf := make([]byte, shift+len(v))
+		copy(buf[shift:], v)
+		encoded := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(buf)
+		// Keep only the aligned middle, and only when enough of it is left to be a
+		// distinctive pattern rather than a fragment that matches unrelated output.
+		if len(encoded) < 8+minShiftedBase64Len {
+			return ""
+		}
+		return encoded[4 : len(encoded)-4]
+	}
+}
+
+// jsonStringEscape returns v as it appears inside a JSON string, without the quotes,
+// which is what `toJSON(secrets)` or any action logging a JSON body produces. Go's encoder
+// escapes <, >, & (as act's own toJSON does); the non-HTML variant below covers the runtimes
+// that do not. When v has none of those characters both forms are equal and deduplicated.
+func jsonStringEscape(v string) string {
+	encoded, err := json.Marshal(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		return v
+	}
+	return string(encoded[1 : len(encoded)-1])
+}
+
+// jsonStringEscapeNoHTML is jsonStringEscape without HTML escaping, matching the JSON a
+// JavaScript (JSON.stringify) or .NET action emits, so a secret containing < > or & is
+// masked in that form too.
+func jsonStringEscapeNoHTML(v string) string {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	enc := json.NewEncoder(&buf)
+	enc.SetEscapeHTML(false)
+	if err := enc.Encode(v); err != nil {
+		return v
+	}
+	// Encode appends a newline; drop it along with the surrounding quotes.
+	encoded := strings.TrimRight(buf.String(), "\n")
+	return encoded[1 : len(encoded)-1]
+}
+
+func AppendSecretMasker(oldnew []string, v string) []string {
+	ret := oldnew
+
+	for l := range strings.SplitSeq(v, "\n") {
+		tm := strings.TrimSpace(l)
+		// formatted JSON secrets could otherwise mask {,[,],} everywhere
+		if len(tm) > 1 {
+			ret = append(ret, tm, "***")
+			// command data reaches the log escaped, so "pass%word" also arrives as "pass%25word"
+			if strings.ContainsAny(tm, "%\r\n") {
+				ret = append(ret, EscapeCommandData(tm), "***")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// The encoded forms are derived from the whole value: a multi-line secret is
+	// encoded as one string, not line by line.
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(v)
+	if len(trimmed) <= 1 {
+		return ret
+	}
+	for _, encode := range secretValueEncoders {
+		encoded := encode(trimmed)
+		// An encoding that leaves the value unchanged is already masked above.
+		if encoded == trimmed || len(encoded) <= 1 || slices.Contains(ret, encoded) {
+			continue
+		}
+		ret = append(ret, encoded, "***")
+	}
+
+	return ret
+}
+
+// valueMasker applies secrets and ::add-mask:: patterns to every log entry, including
+// raw_output (command/stream) lines; there is no bypass by field.
+func valueMasker(insecureSecrets bool, secrets map[string]string) entryProcessor {
+	var oldnew []string
+	for _, v := range secrets {
+		oldnew = AppendSecretMasker(oldnew, v)
+	}
+	oldnew = slices.Clip(oldnew)
+	defReplacer := strings.NewReplacer(oldnew...)
+
+	// A ::add-mask:: only ever appends to the job's mask slice, so the replacer built for
+	// it stays valid until the slice grows. Cache it, keyed by the slice itself and its
+	// length, instead of encoding every secret and mask again for each log line.
+	var (
+		mu       sync.Mutex
+		masksRef *[]string
+		pairs    []string
+		masked   int
+		replacer *strings.Replacer
+	)
+
+	return func(entry *logrus.Entry) *logrus.Entry {
+		if insecureSecrets {
+			return entry
+		}
+
+		masks := Masks(entry.Context)
+
+		if len(*masks) == 0 {
+			entry.Message = defReplacer.Replace(entry.Message)
+			return entry
+		}
+
+		mu.Lock()
+		// A composite action logs through the same masker with its own mask slice, so a
+		// different slice starts the cache over.
+		if masksRef != masks {
+			masksRef, pairs, masked, replacer = masks, oldnew, 0, nil
+		}
+		if replacer == nil || masked != len(*masks) {
+			for _, v := range (*masks)[masked:] {
+				pairs = AppendSecretMasker(pairs, v)
+			}
+			masked = len(*masks)
+			replacer = strings.NewReplacer(pairs...)
+		}
+		cmasker := replacer
+		mu.Unlock()
+
+		entry.Message = cmasker.Replace(entry.Message)
+
+		return entry
+	}
+}
+
+type maskedFormatter struct {
+	logrus.Formatter
+	masker entryProcessor
+}
+
+func (f *maskedFormatter) Format(entry *logrus.Entry) ([]byte, error) {
+	return f.Formatter.Format(f.masker(entry))
+}
+
+type jobLogFormatter struct {
+	color          int
+	logPrefixJobID bool
+}
+
+func (f *jobLogFormatter) Format(entry *logrus.Entry) ([]byte, error) {
+	b := &bytes.Buffer{}
+
+	// the web renderer decodes command data, so this local view has to as well
+	if _, _, _, ok := tryParseRawActionCommand(entry.Message + "\n"); ok {
+		entry.Message = UnescapeCommandData(entry.Message)
+	}
+
+	if f.isColored(entry) {
+		f.printColored(b, entry)
+	} else {
+		f.print(b, entry)
+	}
+
+	b.WriteByte('\n')
+	return b.Bytes(), nil
+}
+
+func (f *jobLogFormatter) printColored(b *bytes.Buffer, entry *logrus.Entry) {
+	entry.Message = strings.TrimSuffix(entry.Message, "\n")
+
+	var job any
+	if f.logPrefixJobID {
+		job = entry.Data["jobID"]
+	} else {
+		job = entry.Data["job"]
+	}
+
+	debugFlag := ""
+	if entry.Level == logrus.DebugLevel {
+		debugFlag = "[DEBUG] "
+	}
+
+	if entry.Data[rawOutputField] == true {
+		if entry.Data[scriptLineCyanField] == true {
+			fmt.Fprintf(b, "\x1b[%dm|\x1b[0m \x1b[36;1m%s\x1b[0m", f.color, entry.Message)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Fprintf(b, "\x1b[%dm|\x1b[0m %s", f.color, entry.Message)
+		}
+	} else if entry.Data["dryrun"] == true {
+		fmt.Fprintf(b, "\x1b[1m\x1b[%dm\x1b[7m*DRYRUN*\x1b[0m \x1b[%dm[%s] \x1b[0m%s%s", gray, f.color, job, debugFlag, entry.Message)
+	} else {
+		fmt.Fprintf(b, "\x1b[%dm[%s] \x1b[0m%s%s", f.color, job, debugFlag, entry.Message)
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *jobLogFormatter) print(b *bytes.Buffer, entry *logrus.Entry) {
+	entry.Message = strings.TrimSuffix(entry.Message, "\n")
+
+	var job any
+	if f.logPrefixJobID {
+		job = entry.Data["jobID"]
+	} else {
+		job = entry.Data["job"]
+	}
+
+	debugFlag := ""
+	if entry.Level == logrus.DebugLevel {
+		debugFlag = "[DEBUG] "
+	}
+
+	if entry.Data[rawOutputField] == true {
+		fmt.Fprintf(b, "[%s]   | %s", job, entry.Message)
+	} else if entry.Data["dryrun"] == true {
+		fmt.Fprintf(b, "*DRYRUN* [%s] %s%s", job, debugFlag, entry.Message)
+	} else {
+		fmt.Fprintf(b, "[%s] %s%s", job, debugFlag, entry.Message)
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *jobLogFormatter) isColored(entry *logrus.Entry) bool {
+	isColored := checkIfTerminal(entry.Logger.Out)
+
+	if force, ok := os.LookupEnv("CLICOLOR_FORCE"); ok && force != "0" {
+		isColored = true
+	} else if ok && force == "0" {
+		isColored = false
+	} else if os.Getenv("CLICOLOR") == "0" {
+		isColored = false
+	}
+
+	return isColored
+}
+
+func checkIfTerminal(w io.Writer) bool {
+	switch v := w.(type) {
+	case *os.File:
+		return term.IsTerminal(int(v.Fd()))
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}

internal/act/runner/logger_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"io"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestValueMasker(t *testing.T) {
+	table := []struct {
+		name       string
+		lines      string
+		secrets    map[string]string
+		masks      []string
+		disallowed []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "Multiline Private Key",
+			lines: "cat << EOF > private.key\nPRIVATE_KEY_BEGIN\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\nPRIVATE_KEY_END\nEOF",
+			secrets: map[string]string{
+				"PRIVATE_KEY": "PRIVATE_KEY_BEGIN\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\nPRIVATE_KEY_END",
+			},
+			disallowed: []string{"KEY", "dsdfseffefsefes", "PRIVATE_KEY_END"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Multiline Private Key in masks",
+			lines:      "cat << EOF > private.key\nPRIVATE_KEY_BEGIN\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\nPRIVATE_KEY_END\nEOF",
+			masks:      []string{"PRIVATE_KEY_BEGIN\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\nPRIVATE_KEY_END"},
+			disallowed: []string{"KEY", "dsdfseffefsefes", "PRIVATE_KEY_END"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Secret containing a percent sign",
+			lines:      "##[error]login failed for pass%25word",
+			secrets:    map[string]string{"TOKEN": "pass%word"},
+			disallowed: []string{"pass%25word"},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, entry := range table {
+		t.Run(entry.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx := WithMasks(t.Context(), &entry.masks)
+			masker := valueMasker(false, entry.secrets)
+			for line := range strings.SplitSeq(entry.lines, "\n") {
+				lentry := masker(&logrus.Entry{
+					Context: ctx,
+					Message: line,
+				})
+				for _, line := range entry.disallowed {
+					assert.NotContains(t, lentry.Message, line)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// A secret that reaches the log through an encoding — a base64 payload, a JSON body, a
+// URL — must be masked as well: masking only the verbatim value leaks it.
+func TestValueMaskerEncodedSecrets(t *testing.T) {
+	secret := `p@ss w"rd/1`
+	masker := valueMasker(false, map[string]string{"TOKEN": secret})
+
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name string
+		line string
+	}{
+		{"verbatim", "the token is " + secret},
+		{"base64", "Authorization: Basic " + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(secret))},
+		{"json", `{"token":"` + jsonStringEscape(secret) + `"}`},
+		{"query escaped", "https://example.com/?token=" + url.QueryEscape(secret)},
+		{"path escaped", "https://example.com/" + url.PathEscape(secret) + "/x"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			entry := masker(&logrus.Entry{Context: t.Context(), Message: tc.line})
+
+			assert.Contains(t, entry.Message, "***")
+			assert.NotContains(t, entry.Message, secret)
+			assert.NotContains(t, entry.Message, base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(secret)))
+			assert.NotContains(t, entry.Message, url.QueryEscape(secret))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// A secret containing " together with <, > or & serializes to JSON differently depending
+// on the runtime: act's own toJSON (and Go) HTML-escape <>&, while a JavaScript
+// (JSON.stringify) or .NET action leaves them literal. The secret must be masked in either
+// form, so a JS-serialized JSON body does not leak it.
+func TestValueMaskerJSONEscapesBothWays(t *testing.T) {
+	secret := `a"<b>&c`
+	masker := valueMasker(false, map[string]string{"TOKEN": secret})
+
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name string
+		form string
+	}{
+		{"html escaped (act toJSON / Go)", jsonStringEscape(secret)},
+		{"literal (JS JSON.stringify / .NET)", jsonStringEscapeNoHTML(secret)},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			entry := masker(&logrus.Entry{Context: t.Context(), Message: `{"t":"` + tc.form + `"}`})
+
+			assert.Contains(t, entry.Message, "***")
+			assert.NotContains(t, entry.Message, tc.form)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// ::add-mask:: values go through the same masker, so they get the same treatment.
+func TestValueMaskerEncodedMasks(t *testing.T) {
+	masks := []string{"s3cr3t value"}
+	masker := valueMasker(false, nil)
+
+	entry := masker(&logrus.Entry{
+		Context: WithMasks(t.Context(), &masks),
+		Message: "encoded: " + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("s3cr3t value")),
+	})
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "encoded: ***", entry.Message)
+}
+
+// A token in a Basic auth header is base64'd together with the user name, so the token's
+// own base64 only appears when the prefix length is a multiple of three. The other two
+// alignments must be masked as well, or `Authorization: Basic base64("user:token")` leaks
+// the token to anyone who can decode the log.
+func TestValueMaskerBase64Alignments(t *testing.T) {
+	secret := "s3cr3t-token-value"
+	masker := valueMasker(false, map[string]string{"TOKEN": secret})
+
+	// One prefix per alignment: len%3 of 0, 1 and 2.
+	for _, prefix := range []string{"x-access-token:", "user:", "ab:"} {
+		t.Run(prefix, func(t *testing.T) {
+			encoded := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(prefix + secret))
+			entry := masker(&logrus.Entry{Context: t.Context(), Message: "Authorization: Basic " + encoded})
+
+			assert.Contains(t, entry.Message, "***")
+			// The aligned middle of the secret must be gone, so the payload can no longer be
+			// decoded back into the token.
+			assert.NotEqual(t, "Authorization: Basic "+encoded, entry.Message)
+			decodable := strings.TrimPrefix(entry.Message, "Authorization: Basic ")
+			decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(decodable)
+			if err == nil {
+				assert.NotContains(t, string(decoded), secret)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// The masker caches its replacer, so it has to notice both a mask appended to the same
+// slice and a composite action logging with a slice of its own.
+func TestValueMaskerCachedReplacerSeesNewMasks(t *testing.T) {
+	masker := valueMasker(false, map[string]string{"TOKEN": "secret-token"})
+	mask := func(masks *[]string, message string) string {
+		return masker(&logrus.Entry{Context: WithMasks(t.Context(), masks), Message: message}).Message
+	}
+
+	job := []string{"first mask"}
+	assert.Equal(t, "a *** and ***", mask(&job, "a first mask and secret-token"))
+
+	// ::add-mask:: appends to the same slice
+	job = append(job, "second mask")
+	assert.Equal(t, "*** and ***", mask(&job, "first mask and second mask"))
+
+	// a composite action brings its own slice
+	composite := []string{"composite mask"}
+	assert.Equal(t, "*** but first mask", mask(&composite, "composite mask but first mask"))
+
+	// and the job's masks still apply once it is back
+	assert.Equal(t, "*** and *** but composite mask", mask(&job, "first mask and second mask but composite mask"))
+}
+
+func TestAppendSecretMaskerSkipsUselessEncodings(t *testing.T) {
+	// A token with no character an escape would touch only gains its base64 forms:
+	// JSON, query and path escaping all leave it unchanged.
+	pairs := AppendSecretMasker(nil, "plaintoken")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{
+		"plaintoken", "***",
+		base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("plaintoken")), "***",
+		// The two shifted alignments, each without its leading and trailing group.
+		"YWludG9r", "***",
+		"bGFpbnRv", "***",
+	}, pairs)
+
+	// Too short to mask.
+	assert.Empty(t, AppendSecretMasker(nil, "x"))
+}
+
+func TestJobLogFormatterDecodesCommandData(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := logrus.New()
+	logger.Out = io.Discard
+	format := func(message string) string {
+		out, err := (&jobLogFormatter{}).Format(&logrus.Entry{Logger: logger, Message: message, Data: logrus.Fields{rawOutputField: true}})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		return string(out)
+	}
+
+	assert.Contains(t, format("##[error]deploy 50%25 traffic"), "##[error]deploy 50% traffic")
+	// a plain line is not command data and keeps its literal escapes
+	assert.Contains(t, format("progress 50%25 done"), "progress 50%25 done")
+}

internal/act/runner/max_parallel_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v4"
+)
+
+func TestMaxParallelStrategy(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name                string
+		maxParallelString   string
+		expectedMaxParallel int
+	}{
+		{
+			name:                "max-parallel-1",
+			maxParallelString:   "1",
+			expectedMaxParallel: 1,
+		},
+		{
+			name:                "max-parallel-2",
+			maxParallelString:   "2",
+			expectedMaxParallel: 2,
+		},
+		{
+			name:                "max-parallel-default",
+			maxParallelString:   "",
+			expectedMaxParallel: 4,
+		},
+		{
+			name:                "max-parallel-10",
+			maxParallelString:   "10",
+			expectedMaxParallel: 10,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			matrix := map[string][]any{
+				"version": {1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
+			}
+
+			var rawMatrix yaml.Node
+			err := rawMatrix.Encode(matrix)
+			assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+
+			job := &model.Job{
+				Strategy: &model.Strategy{
+					MaxParallelString: tt.maxParallelString,
+					RawMatrix:         rawMatrix,
+				},
+			}
+
+			matrixes, err := job.GetMatrixes()
+			assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+			assert.NotNil(t, matrixes)
+			assert.Len(t, matrixes, 5)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedMaxParallel, job.Strategy.MaxParallel)
+		})
+	}
+}