fix(cleanup): kill Windows step process tree on cancel to avoid hang (#1011)

## Problem

Cancelling a job on a Windows host runner can leave the spawned process
tree running and hang the runner. When a step launches a shell that
starts a child which in turn spawns further GUI/background processes,
cancelling the job kills only the direct child (the default
`exec.CommandContext` behaviour). The surviving descendants inherited
the step's stdout/stderr pipe, so the read end never hit EOF and
`cmd.Wait()` blocked forever.

Because the step executor never returned:
- the orphaned processes kept running (the cancelled work was not
  actually stopped), and
- end-of-job cleanup (`Remove` → `terminateRunningProcesses`) was never
  reached, so the runner appeared to go offline / stop picking up jobs.

`CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP` does not help here — it affects Ctrl-C signal
delivery, not handle inheritance or tree termination.

## Fix

- Assign each Windows step process to a **Job Object** immediately after
  `cmd.Start()`. Descendants created afterwards are automatically part
  of the job.
- Override `cmd.Cancel` to `TerminateJobObject`, so cancellation kills
  the **entire descendant tree** atomically. This also closes the
  inherited pipe handles, so `cmd.Wait()` can return.
- Set `cmd.WaitDelay` (10s) as a safety net: once the process has
  exited, Wait force-closes the pipes and returns rather than blocking
  forever — covering the case where the job-object setup fails (e.g.
  nested-job restrictions), in which we fall back to the previous
  single-process kill.
- The Job Object is created **without** `JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE`,
  so closing the handle on normal completion does not kill legitimate
  background processes; the tree is only torn down on explicit cancel.

Implemented behind `runtime.GOOS == "windows"` with a Windows-only
`processKiller` (Job Object) and no-op stubs elsewhere, so non-Windows
behaviour (default cancellation + `Setpgid`) is unchanged.

## Changes

- `act/container/process_windows.go` — Job Object `processKiller`
  (create / assign / terminate).
- `act/container/process_other.go` — no-op stubs (`//go:build !windows`).
- `act/container/host_environment.go` — wire `cmd.Cancel` (tree kill)
  and `cmd.WaitDelay` into `exec()`.
- `go.mod` / `go.sum` — promote `golang.org/x/sys` to a direct
  dependency.

## Testing

I fully tested it already

## Notes

Follow-up to the Windows leftover-process reaping in #996: that sweep
now actually runs on cancellation because the step no longer hangs
before reaching it.

Reviewed-on: https://gitea.com/gitea/runner/pulls/1011
Reviewed-by: techknowlogick <9+techknowlogick@noreply.gitea.com>

.gitea/workflows/pull-pr-title.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+name: pr-title
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    types:
+    - opened
+    - edited
+    - reopened
+    - synchronize
+    - ready_for_review
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  lint-pr-title:
+    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 5
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+      with:
+        node-version: 24
+    - run: make lint-pr-title
+      env:
+        PR_TITLE: ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }}

.gitea/workflows/release-nightly.yml

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
       - name: goreleaser
-        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v6
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v7
         with:
           distribution: goreleaser-pro
           args: release --nightly
@@ -57,13 +57,13 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0 # all history for all branches and tags
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
 
       - name: Set up Docker BuildX
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
 
       - name: Login to DockerHub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
@@ -71,8 +71,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Echo the tag
         run: echo "${{ env.DOCKER_ORG }}/runner:nightly${{ matrix.variant.tag_suffix }}"
 
+      - name: Get Meta
+        id: meta
+        run: |
+          echo REPO_VERSION=$(git describe --tags --always | sed 's/-/+/' | sed 's/^v//') >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
       - name: Build and push
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
         with:
           context: .
           file: ./Dockerfile
@@ -83,3 +88,5 @@ jobs:
           push: true
           tags: |
             ${{ env.DOCKER_ORG }}/runner:nightly${{ matrix.variant.tag_suffix }}
+          build-args: |
+            VERSION=${{ steps.meta.outputs.REPO_VERSION }}

.gitea/workflows/release-tag.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
           passphrase: ${{ secrets.PASSPHRASE }}
           fingerprint: CC64B1DB67ABBEECAB24B6455FC346329753F4B0
       - name: goreleaser
-        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v6
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v7
         with:
           distribution: goreleaser-pro
           args: release
@@ -60,20 +60,20 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0 # all history for all branches and tags
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
 
       - name: Set up Docker BuildX
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
 
       - name: Login to DockerHub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
 
       - name: "Docker meta"
         id: docker_meta
-        uses: https://github.com/docker/metadata-action@v5
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v6
         with:
           images: |
             ${{ env.DOCKER_ORG }}/runner
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ jobs:
             suffix=${{ matrix.variant.tag_suffix }},onlatest=true
 
       - name: Build and push
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
         with:
           context: .
           file: ./Dockerfile
@@ -96,3 +96,5 @@ jobs:
             linux/arm64
           push: true
           tags: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.tags }}
+          build-args: |
+            VERSION=${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.version }}

.gitea/workflows/test.yml

@@ -9,14 +9,36 @@ jobs:
   lint:
     name: check and test
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      # The runner image ships a stale docker.io login; point docker at an empty config so
+      # image pulls go straight to anonymous instead of attempting (and failing) that auth
+      # first. The path must be a literal: the `runner` context is unavailable in job-level
+      # env, so `${{ runner.temp }}` would resolve to empty and config.Dir() would fall back
+      # to ~/.docker with the stale credentials.
+      DOCKER_CONFIG: /tmp/docker-noauth
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
           go-version-file: 'go.mod'
+      - name: prepare anonymous docker config
+        run: mkdir -p "$DOCKER_CONFIG" && echo '{}' > "$DOCKER_CONFIG/config.json"
+      # Pre-pull act/runner's two largest base images so a slow pull can't dominate `make test`;
+      # the rest (alpine/ubuntu) pull on demand, absorbed by the make-test -timeout. The host
+      # daemon retains them between runs, so this is usually a fast manifest re-check.
+      - name: pre-pull test images
+        run: |
+          for img in node:24-bookworm-slim nginx:alpine; do
+            for try in 1 2 3; do docker pull "$img" && break || sleep 5; done
+          done
       - name: lint
         run: make lint
       - name: build
         run: make build
       - name: test
-        run: make test
+        run: make test
+      # Build the dind image and run the daemon-facing tests against the docker version it
+      # ships, catching daemon-level regressions (e.g. gitea/runner#981) before release. Runs
+      # after `make test` so the images it needs are already present on the host daemon.
+      - name: test against dind image
+        run: make test-dind

.gitignore

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /gitea-runner
 .env
+!/act/runner/testdata/secrets/.env
 .runner
 coverage.txt
 /config.yaml
@@ -10,4 +11,4 @@ coverage.txt
 .vscode
 __debug_bin
 # gorelease binary folder
-dist
+/dist

Dockerfile

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ### BUILDER STAGE
 #
 #
-FROM golang:1.26-alpine AS builder
+FROM golang:1.26-alpine3.23 AS builder
 
 # Do not remove `git` here, it is required for getting runner version when executing `make build`
 RUN apk add --no-cache make git
@@ -17,7 +17,12 @@ RUN make clean && make build
 ### DIND VARIANT
 #
 #
-FROM docker:29-dind AS dind
+FROM docker:29.5.2-dind AS dind
+
+ARG VERSION=dev
+
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.source="https://gitea.com/gitea/runner"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.version="${VERSION}"
 
 RUN apk add --no-cache s6 bash git tzdata
 
@@ -32,7 +37,12 @@ ENTRYPOINT ["s6-svscan","/etc/s6"]
 ### DIND-ROOTLESS VARIANT
 #
 #
-FROM docker:29-dind-rootless AS dind-rootless
+FROM docker:29.5.2-dind-rootless AS dind-rootless
+
+ARG VERSION=dev
+
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.source="https://gitea.com/gitea/runner"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.version="${VERSION}"
 
 USER root
 RUN apk add --no-cache s6 bash git tzdata
@@ -53,7 +63,13 @@ ENTRYPOINT ["s6-svscan","/etc/s6"]
 ### BASIC VARIANT
 #
 #
-FROM alpine AS basic
+FROM alpine:3.23 AS basic
+
+ARG VERSION=dev
+
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.source="https://gitea.com/gitea/runner"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.version="${VERSION}"
+
 RUN apk add --no-cache tini bash git tzdata
 
 COPY --from=builder /opt/src/runner/gitea-runner /usr/local/bin/gitea-runner

Makefile

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ DOCKER_TAG ?= nightly
 DOCKER_REF := $(DOCKER_IMAGE):$(DOCKER_TAG)
 DOCKER_ROOTLESS_REF := $(DOCKER_IMAGE):$(DOCKER_TAG)-dind-rootless
 
-GOLANGCI_LINT_PACKAGE ?= github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@v2.11.4
-GOVULNCHECK_PACKAGE ?= golang.org/x/vuln/cmd/govulncheck@v1
+GOLANGCI_LINT_PACKAGE ?= github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@v2.12.2
+GOVULNCHECK_PACKAGE ?= golang.org/x/vuln/cmd/govulncheck@v1.3.0
 
 STATIC ?=
 EXTLDFLAGS ?=
@@ -118,6 +118,10 @@ lint-go: ## lint go files
 lint-go-fix: ## lint go files and fix issues
 	$(GO) run $(GOLANGCI_LINT_PACKAGE) run --fix
 
+.PHONY: lint-pr-title
+lint-pr-title: ## lint PR title against Conventional Commits (set PR_TITLE=...)
+	@node ./tools/lint-pr-title.ts
+
 .PHONY: security-check
 security-check: deps-tools
 	GOEXPERIMENT= $(GO) run $(GOVULNCHECK_PACKAGE) -show color ./... || true
@@ -136,8 +140,12 @@ tidy-check: tidy
 	fi
 
 .PHONY: test
-test: fmt-check security-check ## test everything
-	@$(GO) test -race -short -v -cover -coverprofile coverage.txt ./... && echo "\n==>\033[32m Ok\033[m\n" || exit 1
+test: fmt-check security-check ## test everything (integration tests self-skip without docker/network)
+	@$(GO) test -race -timeout 20m -v -cover -coverprofile coverage.txt ./... && echo "\n==>\033[32m Ok\033[m\n" || exit 1
+
+.PHONY: test-dind
+test-dind: ## run the daemon-facing tests against the built dind image (TARGET=dind|dind-rootless)
+	@./scripts/test-dind.sh $(TARGET)
 
 .PHONY: install
 install: $(GOFILES) ## install the runner binary via `go install`

act/artifactcache/handler.go

@@ -325,10 +325,6 @@ func (h *Handler) openDB() (*bolthold.Store, error) {
 func (h *Handler) find(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
 	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
 	keys := strings.Split(r.URL.Query().Get("keys"), ",")
-	// cache keys are case insensitive
-	for i, key := range keys {
-		keys[i] = strings.ToLower(key)
-	}
 	version := r.URL.Query().Get("version")
 
 	db, err := h.openDB()
@@ -371,8 +367,6 @@ func (h *Handler) reserve(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.P
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, err)
 		return
 	}
-	// cache keys are case insensitive
-	api.Key = strings.ToLower(api.Key)
 
 	cache := api.ToCache()
 	cache.Repo = cred.Repo
@@ -437,6 +431,7 @@ func (h *Handler) upload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprout
 	}
 	if err := h.storage.Write(cache.ID, start, r.Body); err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, 500, err)
+		return
 	}
 	h.useCache(id)
 	h.responseJSON(w, r, 200)

act/artifactcache/handler_test.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
+	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
@@ -338,6 +339,54 @@ func TestHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
+	t.Run("upload write failure returns only error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		key := strings.ToLower(t.Name())
+		version := "c19da02a2bd7e77277f1ac29ab45c09b7d46a4ee758284e26bb3045ad11d9d20"
+		var id uint64
+		{
+			body, err := json.Marshal(&Request{
+				Key:     key,
+				Version: version,
+				Size:    100,
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			resp, err := testClient.Post(base+"/caches", "application/json", bytes.NewReader(body))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			defer resp.Body.Close()
+			require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode)
+
+			got := struct {
+				CacheID uint64 `json:"cacheId"`
+			}{}
+			require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&got))
+			id = got.CacheID
+		}
+
+		storageFile := filepath.Join(dir, "not-a-directory")
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(storageFile, []byte("blocked"), 0o600))
+		originalStorage := handler.storage
+		handler.storage = &Storage{rootDir: storageFile}
+		defer func() {
+			handler.storage = originalStorage
+		}()
+
+		req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPatch,
+			fmt.Sprintf("%s/caches/%d", base, id), bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 100)))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
+		req.Header.Set("Content-Range", "bytes 0-99/*")
+		resp, err := testClient.Do(req)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+		require.Equal(t, 500, resp.StatusCode)
+
+		body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		var got map[string]string
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &got))
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, got["error"])
+	})
+
 	t.Run("commit early", func(t *testing.T) {
 		key := strings.ToLower(t.Name())
 		version := "c19da02a2bd7e77277f1ac29ab45c09b7d46a4ee758284e26bb3045ad11d9d20"
@@ -459,17 +508,20 @@ func TestHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, contents[except], content)
 	})
 
-	t.Run("case insensitive", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("case preserved", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Some actions (e.g. actions/setup-go, actions/setup-node) build cache keys that contain mixed-case fragments such as RUNNER_OS=Linux,
+		// then compare the cacheKey returned by the cache server to their original key with case-sensitive equality to decide whether the
+		// cache was a complete hit. The server must therefore preserve the original key case.
+
 		version := "c19da02a2bd7e77277f1ac29ab45c09b7d46a4ee758284e26bb3045ad11d9d20"
-		key := strings.ToLower(t.Name())
+		key := strings.ToLower(t.Name()) + "_ABC"
 		content := make([]byte, 100)
 		_, err := rand.Read(content)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		uploadCacheNormally(t, base, key+"_ABC", version, content)
+		uploadCacheNormally(t, base, key, version, content)
 
 		{
-			reqKey := key + "_aBc"
-			resp, err := testClient.Get(fmt.Sprintf("%s/cache?keys=%s&version=%s", base, reqKey, version))
+			resp, err := testClient.Get(fmt.Sprintf("%s/cache?keys=%s&version=%s", base, key, version))
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			defer resp.Body.Close()
 			require.Equal(t, 200, resp.StatusCode)
@@ -480,7 +532,8 @@ func TestHandler(t *testing.T) {
 			}{}
 			require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&got))
 			assert.Equal(t, "hit", got.Result)
-			assert.Equal(t, key+"_abc", got.CacheKey)
+			assert.Equal(t, key, got.CacheKey)
+			assert.NotEqual(t, strings.ToLower(key), got.CacheKey)
 		}
 	})
 
@@ -643,7 +696,7 @@ func uploadCacheNormally(t *testing.T, base, key, version string, content []byte
 		}{}
 		require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&got))
 		assert.Equal(t, "hit", got.Result)
-		assert.Equal(t, strings.ToLower(key), got.CacheKey)
+		assert.Equal(t, key, got.CacheKey)
 		archiveLocation = got.ArchiveLocation
 	}
 	{

act/artifacts/server_test.go

@@ -5,24 +5,25 @@
 package artifacts
 
 import (
-	"context"
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"maps"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
 	"os"
-	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"testing/fstest"
-
-	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/model"
-	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/runner"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 type writableMapFile struct {
@@ -234,89 +235,133 @@ func TestDownloadArtifactFile(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal("content", string(data))
 }
 
-type TestJobFileInfo struct {
-	workdir               string
-	workflowPath          string
-	eventName             string
-	errorMessage          string
-	platforms             map[string]string
-	containerArchitecture string
-}
-
-var (
-	artifactsPath = path.Join(os.TempDir(), "test-artifacts")
-	artifactsAddr = "127.0.0.1"
-	artifactsPort = "12345"
-)
-
+// TestArtifactFlow drives the real Serve() artifact server over a loopback socket, exercising
+// the same upload -> finalize -> list -> download protocol the upload-artifact/download-artifact
+// actions speak. Running it in-process (rather than from a job container) keeps it network-free
+// and reachable everywhere, including when the CI job is itself a container.
 func TestArtifactFlow(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("skipping integration test")
+	artifactPath := t.TempDir()
+
+	// Serve the exact routes Serve() wires up, on a real loopback socket via httptest. httptest
+	// picks a free port and Close() tears the server down synchronously — avoiding both the
+	// port-rebind race and Serve()'s detached ListenAndServe goroutine, which logger.Fatal()s
+	// (process exit) on a bind error and can outlive the test's temp-dir cleanup.
+	router := httprouter.New()
+	fsys := readWriteFSImpl{}
+	uploads(router, artifactPath, fsys)
+	downloads(router, artifactPath, fsys)
+	server := httptest.NewServer(router)
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	baseURL := server.URL
+	client := server.Client()
+	client.Timeout = 5 * time.Second
+
+	// request performs one HTTP call and returns the status and body. The default transport adds
+	// Accept-Encoding: gzip and transparently decompresses, so gzipped downloads come back plain.
+	request := func(t *testing.T, method, rawURL string, body io.Reader, header http.Header) (int, []byte) {
+		t.Helper()
+		req, err := http.NewRequest(method, rawURL, body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		maps.Copy(req.Header, header)
+		resp, err := client.Do(req)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+		data, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		return resp.StatusCode, data
 	}
 
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	t.Run("upload-and-download", func(t *testing.T) {
+		const runID, item, content = "1", "my-artifact/data.txt", "hello artifact\n"
 
-	cancel := Serve(ctx, artifactsPath, artifactsAddr, artifactsPort)
-	defer cancel()
+		status, data := request(t, http.MethodPost, baseURL+"/_apis/pipelines/workflows/"+runID+"/artifacts", nil, nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
+		var prep FileContainerResourceURL
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &prep))
+		require.Equal(t, baseURL+"/upload/"+runID, prep.FileContainerResourceURL)
 
-	platforms := map[string]string{
-		"ubuntu-latest": "node:24-bookworm", // Don't use node:24-bookworm-slim because it doesn't have curl command, which is used in the tests
-	}
+		status, data = request(t, http.MethodPut, prep.FileContainerResourceURL+"?itemPath="+url.QueryEscape(item), strings.NewReader(content), nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
+		var msg ResponseMessage
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &msg))
+		require.Equal(t, "success", msg.Message)
 
-	tables := []TestJobFileInfo{
-		{"testdata", "upload-and-download", "push", "", platforms, ""},
-		{"testdata", "GHSL-2023-004", "push", "", platforms, ""},
-	}
-	log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+		status, data = request(t, http.MethodPatch, baseURL+"/_apis/pipelines/workflows/"+runID+"/artifacts", nil, nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
 
-	for _, table := range tables {
-		runTestJobFile(ctx, t, table)
-	}
-}
+		status, data = request(t, http.MethodGet, baseURL+"/_apis/pipelines/workflows/"+runID+"/artifacts", nil, nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
+		var list NamedFileContainerResourceURLResponse
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &list))
+		require.Equal(t, 1, list.Count)
+		require.Equal(t, "my-artifact", list.Value[0].Name)
 
-func runTestJobFile(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, tjfi TestJobFileInfo) {
-	t.Run(tjfi.workflowPath, func(t *testing.T) {
-		fmt.Printf("::group::%s\n", tjfi.workflowPath) //nolint:forbidigo // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+		status, data = request(t, http.MethodGet, list.Value[0].FileContainerResourceURL+"?itemPath=my-artifact", nil, nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
+		var items ContainerItemResponse
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &items))
+		require.Len(t, items.Value, 1)
+		require.Equal(t, "file", items.Value[0].ItemType)
+		require.Equal(t, "my-artifact/data.txt", items.Value[0].Path)
 
-		if err := os.RemoveAll(artifactsPath); err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
+		status, data = request(t, http.MethodGet, items.Value[0].ContentLocation, nil, nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status)
+		require.Equal(t, content, string(data))
 
-		workdir, err := filepath.Abs(tjfi.workdir)
-		assert.NoError(t, err, workdir) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-		fullWorkflowPath := filepath.Join(workdir, tjfi.workflowPath)
-		runnerConfig := &runner.Config{
-			Workdir:               workdir,
-			BindWorkdir:           false,
-			EventName:             tjfi.eventName,
-			Platforms:             tjfi.platforms,
-			ReuseContainers:       false,
-			ContainerArchitecture: tjfi.containerArchitecture,
-			GitHubInstance:        "github.com",
-			ArtifactServerPath:    artifactsPath,
-			ArtifactServerAddr:    artifactsAddr,
-			ArtifactServerPort:    artifactsPort,
-		}
+		stored, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(artifactPath, runID, "my-artifact", "data.txt"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, content, string(stored))
+	})
 
-		runner, err := runner.New(runnerConfig)
-		assert.NoError(t, err, tjfi.workflowPath) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	t.Run("gzip-roundtrip", func(t *testing.T) {
+		const runID, item, content = "2", "logs/app.log", "compressed payload\n"
 
-		planner, err := model.NewWorkflowPlanner(fullWorkflowPath, true)
-		assert.NoError(t, err, fullWorkflowPath) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		gz := gzip.NewWriter(&buf)
+		_, err := gz.Write([]byte(content))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NoError(t, gz.Close())
 
-		plan, err := planner.PlanEvent(tjfi.eventName)
-		if err == nil {
-			err = runner.NewPlanExecutor(plan)(ctx)
-			if tjfi.errorMessage == "" {
-				assert.NoError(t, err, fullWorkflowPath) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-			} else {
-				assert.Error(t, err, tjfi.errorMessage) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-			}
-		} else {
-			assert.Nil(t, plan)
-		}
+		status, data := request(t, http.MethodPut, baseURL+"/upload/"+runID+"?itemPath="+url.QueryEscape(item),
+			&buf, http.Header{"Content-Encoding": []string{"gzip"}})
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
 
-		fmt.Println("::endgroup::") //nolint:forbidigo // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+		// stored compressed, with the server's gzip marker suffix
+		_, err = os.Stat(filepath.Join(artifactPath, runID, "logs", "app.log.gz__"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		status, data = request(t, http.MethodGet, baseURL+"/download/"+runID+"?itemPath=logs", nil, nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
+		var items ContainerItemResponse
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &items))
+		require.Len(t, items.Value, 1)
+		require.Equal(t, "logs/app.log", items.Value[0].Path)
+
+		status, data = request(t, http.MethodGet, items.Value[0].ContentLocation, nil, nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status)
+		require.Equal(t, content, string(data))
+	})
+
+	// GHSL-2023-004: an itemPath that climbs out of the run directory must be neutralised so the
+	// blob cannot be written outside the artifact root.
+	t.Run("GHSL-2023-004", func(t *testing.T) {
+		const runID, content = "3", "contained\n"
+
+		status, data := request(t, http.MethodPut, baseURL+"/upload/"+runID+"?itemPath="+url.QueryEscape("../../escape.txt"),
+			strings.NewReader(content), nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
+
+		stored, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(artifactPath, runID, "escape.txt"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, content, string(stored))
+
+		_, err = os.Stat(filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(artifactPath), "escape.txt"))
+		require.True(t, os.IsNotExist(err), "upload escaped the artifact root")
+
+		status, data = request(t, http.MethodGet, baseURL+"/artifact/"+runID+"/escape.txt", nil, nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status)
+		require.Equal(t, content, string(data))
 	})
 }
 

act/artifacts/testdata/GHSL-2023-004/artifacts.yml

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-
-name: "GHSL-2023-0004"
-on: push
-
-jobs:
-  test-artifacts:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - run: echo "hello world" > test.txt
-      - name: curl upload
-        run: curl --silent --show-error --fail ${ACTIONS_RUNTIME_URL}upload/1?itemPath=../../my-artifact/secret.txt --upload-file test.txt
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: my-artifact
-          path: test-artifacts
-      - name: 'Verify Artifact #1'
-        run: |
-          file="test-artifacts/secret.txt"
-          if [ ! -f $file ] ; then
-            echo "Expected file does not exist"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          if [ "$(cat $file)" != "hello world" ] ; then
-            echo "File contents of downloaded artifact are incorrect"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-      - name: Verify download should work by clean extra dots
-        run: curl --silent --show-error --fail --path-as-is -o out.txt ${ACTIONS_RUNTIME_URL}artifact/1/../../../1/my-artifact/secret.txt
-      - name: 'Verify download content'
-        run: |
-          file="out.txt"
-          if [ ! -f $file ] ; then
-            echo "Expected file does not exist"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          if [ "$(cat $file)" != "hello world" ] ; then
-            echo "File contents of downloaded artifact are incorrect"
-            exit 1
-          fi

act/artifacts/testdata/upload-and-download/artifacts.yml

@@ -1,230 +0,0 @@
-
-name: "Test that artifact uploads and downloads succeed"
-on: push
-
-jobs:
-  test-artifacts:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - run: mkdir -p path/to/artifact
-      - run: echo hello > path/to/artifact/world.txt
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: my-artifact
-          path: path/to/artifact/world.txt
-
-      - run: rm -rf path
-
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: my-artifact
-      - name: Display structure of downloaded files
-        run: ls -la
-
-      # Test end-to-end by uploading two artifacts and then downloading them
-      - name: Create artifact files
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p path/to/dir-1
-          mkdir -p path/to/dir-2
-          mkdir -p path/to/dir-3
-          mkdir -p path/to/dir-5
-          mkdir -p path/to/dir-6
-          mkdir -p path/to/dir-7
-          echo "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet" > path/to/dir-1/file1.txt
-          echo "Hello world from file #2" > path/to/dir-2/file2.txt
-          echo "This is a going to be a test for a large enough file that should get compressed with GZip. The @actions/artifact package uses GZip to upload files. This text should have a compression ratio greater than 100% so it should get uploaded using GZip" > path/to/dir-3/gzip.txt
-          dd if=/dev/random of=path/to/dir-5/file5.rnd bs=1024 count=1024
-          dd if=/dev/random of=path/to/dir-6/file6.rnd bs=1024 count=$((10*1024))
-          dd if=/dev/random of=path/to/dir-7/file7.rnd bs=1024 count=$((10*1024))
-
-      # Upload a single file artifact
-      - name: 'Upload artifact #1'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: 'Artifact-A'
-          path: path/to/dir-1/file1.txt
-      
-      # Upload using a wildcard pattern, name should default to 'artifact' if not provided
-      - name: 'Upload artifact #2'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          path: path/**/dir*/
-      
-      # Upload a directory that contains a file that will be uploaded with GZip
-      - name: 'Upload artifact #3'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: 'GZip-Artifact'
-          path: path/to/dir-3/
-      
-      # Upload a directory that contains a file that will be uploaded with GZip
-      - name: 'Upload artifact #4'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: 'Multi-Path-Artifact'
-          path: |
-            path/to/dir-1/*
-            path/to/dir-[23]/*
-            !path/to/dir-3/*.txt
-      
-      # Upload a mid-size file artifact
-      - name: 'Upload artifact #5'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: 'Mid-Size-Artifact'
-          path: path/to/dir-5/file5.rnd
-      
-      # Upload a big file artifact
-      - name: 'Upload artifact #6'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: 'Big-Artifact'
-          path: path/to/dir-6/file6.rnd
-
-      # Upload a big file artifact twice
-      - name: 'Upload artifact #7 (First)'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: 'Big-Uploaded-Twice'
-          path: path/to/dir-7/file7.rnd
-
-      # Upload a big file artifact twice
-      - name: 'Upload artifact #7 (Second)'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: 'Big-Uploaded-Twice'
-          path: path/to/dir-7/file7.rnd
-
-      # Verify artifacts. Switch to download-artifact@v2 once it's out of preview
-      
-      # Download Artifact #1 and verify the correctness of the content
-      - name: 'Download artifact #1'
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: 'Artifact-A'
-          path: some/new/path
-      
-      - name: 'Verify Artifact #1'
-        run: |
-          file="some/new/path/file1.txt"
-          if [ ! -f $file ] ; then
-            echo "Expected file does not exist"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          if [ "$(cat $file)" != "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet" ] ; then
-            echo "File contents of downloaded artifact are incorrect"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-      
-      # Download Artifact #2 and verify the correctness of the content
-      - name: 'Download artifact #2'
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: 'artifact'
-          path: some/other/path
-      
-      - name: 'Verify Artifact #2'
-        run: |
-          file1="some/other/path/to/dir-1/file1.txt"
-          file2="some/other/path/to/dir-2/file2.txt"
-          if [ ! -f $file1 -o ! -f $file2 ] ; then
-            echo "Expected files do not exist"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          if [ "$(cat $file1)" != "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet" -o "$(cat $file2)" != "Hello world from file #2" ] ; then
-            echo "File contents of downloaded artifacts are incorrect"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-      
-      # Download Artifact #3 and verify the correctness of the content
-      - name: 'Download artifact #3'
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: 'GZip-Artifact'
-          path: gzip/artifact/path
-      
-      # Because a directory was used as input during the upload the parent directories, path/to/dir-3/, should not be included in the uploaded artifact
-      - name: 'Verify Artifact #3'
-        run: |
-          gzipFile="gzip/artifact/path/gzip.txt"
-          if [ ! -f $gzipFile ] ; then
-            echo "Expected file do not exist"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          if [ "$(cat $gzipFile)" != "This is a going to be a test for a large enough file that should get compressed with GZip. The @actions/artifact package uses GZip to upload files. This text should have a compression ratio greater than 100% so it should get uploaded using GZip" ] ; then
-            echo "File contents of downloaded artifact is incorrect"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-      
-      - name: 'Download artifact #4'
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: 'Multi-Path-Artifact'
-          path: multi/artifact
-      
-      - name: 'Verify Artifact #4'
-        run: |
-          file1="multi/artifact/dir-1/file1.txt"
-          file2="multi/artifact/dir-2/file2.txt"
-          if [ ! -f $file1 -o ! -f $file2 ] ; then
-            echo "Expected files do not exist"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          if [ "$(cat $file1)" != "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet" -o "$(cat $file2)" != "Hello world from file #2" ] ; then
-            echo "File contents of downloaded artifacts are incorrect"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-      
-      - name: 'Download artifact #5'
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: 'Mid-Size-Artifact'
-          path: mid-size/artifact/path
-      
-      - name: 'Verify Artifact #5'
-        run: |
-          file="mid-size/artifact/path/file5.rnd"
-          if [ ! -f $file ] ; then
-            echo "Expected file does not exist"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          if ! diff $file path/to/dir-5/file5.rnd ; then
-            echo "File contents of downloaded artifact are incorrect"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-      
-      - name: 'Download artifact #6'
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: 'Big-Artifact'
-          path: big/artifact/path
-      
-      - name: 'Verify Artifact #6'
-        run: |
-          file="big/artifact/path/file6.rnd"
-          if [ ! -f $file ] ; then
-            echo "Expected file does not exist"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          if ! diff $file path/to/dir-6/file6.rnd ; then
-            echo "File contents of downloaded artifact are incorrect"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-
-      - name: 'Download artifact #7'
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
-        with:
-          name: 'Big-Uploaded-Twice'
-          path: big-uploaded-twice/artifact/path
-
-      - name: 'Verify Artifact #7'
-        run: |
-          file="big-uploaded-twice/artifact/path/file7.rnd"
-          if [ ! -f $file ] ; then
-            echo "Expected file does not exist"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          if ! diff $file path/to/dir-7/file7.rnd ; then
-            echo "File contents of downloaded artifact are incorrect"
-            exit 1
-          fi

act/common/cartesian.go

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 package common
 
+import "slices"
+
 // CartesianProduct takes map of lists and returns list of unique tuples
 func CartesianProduct(mapOfLists map[string][]any) []map[string]any {
 	listNames := make([]string, 0)
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ func cartN(a ...[]any) [][]any {
 		for j, n := range n {
 			pi[j] = a[j][n]
 		}
-		for j := len(n) - 1; j >= 0; j-- {
+		for j := range slices.Backward(n) {
 			n[j]++
 			if n[j] < len(a[j]) {
 				break

act/common/draw.go

@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
-// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package common
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-// Style is a specific style
-type Style int
-
-// Styles
-const (
-	StyleDoubleLine = iota
-	StyleSingleLine
-	StyleDashedLine
-	StyleNoLine
-)
-
-// NewPen creates a new pen
-func NewPen(style Style, color int) *Pen {
-	bgcolor := 49
-	if os.Getenv("CLICOLOR") == "0" {
-		color = 0
-		bgcolor = 0
-	}
-	return &Pen{
-		style:   style,
-		color:   color,
-		bgcolor: bgcolor,
-	}
-}
-
-type styleDef struct {
-	cornerTL string
-	cornerTR string
-	cornerBL string
-	cornerBR string
-	lineH    string
-	lineV    string
-}
-
-var styleDefs = []styleDef{
-	{"\u2554", "\u2557", "\u255a", "\u255d", "\u2550", "\u2551"},
-	{"\u256d", "\u256e", "\u2570", "\u256f", "\u2500", "\u2502"},
-	{"\u250c", "\u2510", "\u2514", "\u2518", "\u254c", "\u254e"},
-	{" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "},
-}
-
-// Pen struct
-type Pen struct {
-	style   Style
-	color   int
-	bgcolor int
-}
-
-// Drawing struct
-type Drawing struct {
-	buf   *strings.Builder
-	width int
-}
-
-func (p *Pen) drawTopBars(buf io.Writer, labels ...string) {
-	style := styleDefs[p.style]
-	for _, label := range labels {
-		bar := strings.Repeat(style.lineH, len(label)+2)
-		fmt.Fprintf(buf, " ")
-		fmt.Fprintf(buf, "\x1b[%d;%dm", p.color, p.bgcolor)
-		fmt.Fprintf(buf, "%s%s%s", style.cornerTL, bar, style.cornerTR)
-		fmt.Fprintf(buf, "\x1b[%dm", 0)
-	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(buf, "\n")
-}
-
-func (p *Pen) drawBottomBars(buf io.Writer, labels ...string) {
-	style := styleDefs[p.style]
-	for _, label := range labels {
-		bar := strings.Repeat(style.lineH, len(label)+2)
-		fmt.Fprintf(buf, " ")
-		fmt.Fprintf(buf, "\x1b[%d;%dm", p.color, p.bgcolor)
-		fmt.Fprintf(buf, "%s%s%s", style.cornerBL, bar, style.cornerBR)
-		fmt.Fprintf(buf, "\x1b[%dm", 0)
-	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(buf, "\n")
-}
-
-func (p *Pen) drawLabels(buf io.Writer, labels ...string) {
-	style := styleDefs[p.style]
-	for _, label := range labels {
-		fmt.Fprintf(buf, " ")
-		fmt.Fprintf(buf, "\x1b[%d;%dm", p.color, p.bgcolor)
-		fmt.Fprintf(buf, "%s %s %s", style.lineV, label, style.lineV)
-		fmt.Fprintf(buf, "\x1b[%dm", 0)
-	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(buf, "\n")
-}
-
-// DrawArrow between boxes
-func (p *Pen) DrawArrow() *Drawing {
-	drawing := &Drawing{
-		buf:   new(strings.Builder),
-		width: 1,
-	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(drawing.buf, "\x1b[%dm", p.color)
-	fmt.Fprintf(drawing.buf, "\u2b07")
-	fmt.Fprintf(drawing.buf, "\x1b[%dm", 0)
-	return drawing
-}
-
-// DrawBoxes to draw boxes
-func (p *Pen) DrawBoxes(labels ...string) *Drawing {
-	width := 0
-	for _, l := range labels {
-		width += len(l) + 2 + 2 + 1
-	}
-	drawing := &Drawing{
-		buf:   new(strings.Builder),
-		width: width,
-	}
-	p.drawTopBars(drawing.buf, labels...)
-	p.drawLabels(drawing.buf, labels...)
-	p.drawBottomBars(drawing.buf, labels...)
-
-	return drawing
-}
-
-// Draw to writer
-func (d *Drawing) Draw(writer io.Writer, centerOnWidth int) {
-	padSize := max((centerOnWidth-d.GetWidth())/2, 0)
-	for l := range strings.SplitSeq(d.buf.String(), "\n") {
-		if len(l) > 0 {
-			padding := strings.Repeat(" ", padSize)
-			fmt.Fprintf(writer, "%s%s\n", padding, l)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// GetWidth of drawing
-func (d *Drawing) GetWidth() int {
-	return d.width
-}

act/common/executor.go

@@ -12,24 +12,6 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
-// Warning that implements `error` but safe to ignore
-type Warning struct {
-	Message string
-}
-
-// Error the contract for error
-func (w Warning) Error() string {
-	return w.Message
-}
-
-// Warningf create a warning
-func Warningf(format string, args ...any) Warning {
-	w := Warning{
-		Message: fmt.Sprintf(format, args...),
-	}
-	return w
-}
-
 // Executor define contract for the steps of a workflow
 type Executor func(ctx context.Context) error
 
@@ -97,6 +79,12 @@ func NewErrorExecutor(err error) Executor {
 
 // NewParallelExecutor creates a new executor from a parallel of other executors
 func NewParallelExecutor(parallel int, executors ...Executor) Executor {
+	if len(executors) == 0 {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			return ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
+
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		work := make(chan Executor, len(executors))
 		errs := make(chan error, len(executors))
@@ -156,14 +144,8 @@ func NewParallelExecutor(parallel int, executors ...Executor) Executor {
 // Then runs another executor if this executor succeeds
 func (e Executor) Then(then Executor) Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		err := e(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			switch err.(type) {
-			case Warning:
-				Logger(ctx).Warning(err.Error())
-			default:
-				return err
-			}
+		if err := e(ctx); err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
 		if ctx.Err() != nil {
 			return ctx.Err()

act/common/executor_parallel_advanced_test.go

@@ -170,68 +170,6 @@ func TestMaxParallelWithErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-// TestMaxParallelPerformance tests performance characteristics
-func TestMaxParallelPerformance(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("Skipping performance test in short mode")
-	}
-
-	t.Run("ParallelFasterThanSequential", func(t *testing.T) {
-		executors := make([]Executor, 10)
-		for i := range 10 {
-			executors[i] = func(ctx context.Context) error {
-				time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
-				return nil
-			}
-		}
-
-		ctx := context.Background()
-
-		// Sequential (max-parallel=1)
-		start := time.Now()
-		err := NewParallelExecutor(1, executors...)(ctx)
-		sequentialDuration := time.Since(start)
-		assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-
-		// Parallel (max-parallel=5)
-		start = time.Now()
-		err = NewParallelExecutor(5, executors...)(ctx)
-		parallelDuration := time.Since(start)
-		assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-
-		// Parallel should be significantly faster
-		assert.Less(t, parallelDuration, sequentialDuration/2,
-			"Parallel execution should be at least 2x faster")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("OptimalWorkerCount", func(t *testing.T) {
-		executors := make([]Executor, 20)
-		for i := range 20 {
-			executors[i] = func(ctx context.Context) error {
-				time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
-				return nil
-			}
-		}
-
-		ctx := context.Background()
-
-		// Test with different worker counts
-		workerCounts := []int{1, 2, 5, 10, 20}
-		durations := make(map[int]time.Duration)
-
-		for _, count := range workerCounts {
-			start := time.Now()
-			err := NewParallelExecutor(count, executors...)(ctx)
-			durations[count] = time.Since(start)
-			assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-		}
-
-		// More workers should generally be faster (up to a point)
-		assert.Less(t, durations[5], durations[1], "5 workers should be faster than 1")
-		assert.Less(t, durations[10], durations[2], "10 workers should be faster than 2")
-	})
-}
-
 // TestMaxParallelResourceSharing tests resource sharing scenarios
 func TestMaxParallelResourceSharing(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("SharedResourceWithMutex", func(t *testing.T) {

act/common/executor_test.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func TestNewWorkflow(t *testing.T) {
@@ -119,6 +120,19 @@ func TestNewParallelExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(errSingle)
 }
 
+func TestNewParallelExecutorEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	require.NoError(t, NewParallelExecutor(2)(ctx))
+
+	canceledCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	err := NewParallelExecutor(2)(canceledCtx)
+	assert.ErrorIs(err, context.Canceled)
+}
+
 func TestNewParallelExecutorFailed(t *testing.T) {
 	assert := assert.New(t)
 

act/common/file.go

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
-// Copyright 2020 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package common
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-)
-
-// CopyFile copy file
-func CopyFile(source, dest string) (err error) {
-	sourcefile, err := os.Open(source)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	defer sourcefile.Close()
-
-	destfile, err := os.Create(dest)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	defer destfile.Close()
-
-	_, err = io.Copy(destfile, sourcefile)
-	if err == nil {
-		sourceinfo, err := os.Stat(source)
-		if err != nil {
-			_ = os.Chmod(dest, sourceinfo.Mode())
-		}
-	}
-
-	return err
-}
-
-// CopyDir recursive copy of directory
-func CopyDir(source, dest string) (err error) {
-	// get properties of source dir
-	sourceinfo, err := os.Stat(source)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// create dest dir
-
-	err = os.MkdirAll(dest, sourceinfo.Mode())
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	objects, err := os.ReadDir(source)
-
-	for _, obj := range objects {
-		sourcefilepointer := source + "/" + obj.Name()
-
-		destinationfilepointer := dest + "/" + obj.Name()
-
-		if obj.IsDir() {
-			// create sub-directories - recursively
-			err = CopyDir(sourcefilepointer, destinationfilepointer)
-			if err != nil {
-				fmt.Println(err) //nolint:forbidigo // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-			}
-		} else {
-			// perform copy
-			err = CopyFile(sourcefilepointer, destinationfilepointer)
-			if err != nil {
-				fmt.Println(err) //nolint:forbidigo // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return err
-}

act/common/git/git.go

@@ -38,9 +38,11 @@ var (
 	ErrNoRepo   = errors.New("unable to find git repo")
 )
 
-// acquireCloneLock returns an unlock function after locking the per-directory mutex for dir.
-// Only concurrent operations targeting the same directory are erialized; clones into different directories run in parallel.
-func acquireCloneLock(dir string) func() {
+// AcquireCloneLock returns an unlock function after locking the per-directory mutex for dir.
+// Only concurrent operations targeting the same directory are serialized; clones into different directories run in parallel.
+// Callers reading files inside dir (e.g. tarring a checked-out action into a job container) must hold this lock too,
+// otherwise a concurrent NewGitCloneExecutor on the same dir can mutate the worktree mid-read.
+func AcquireCloneLock(dir string) func() {
 	v, _ := cloneLocks.LoadOrStore(dir, &sync.Mutex{})
 	mu := v.(*sync.Mutex)
 	mu.Lock()
@@ -64,8 +66,21 @@ func (e *Error) Commit() string {
 	return e.commit
 }
 
+// goGitMu serializes go-git repository access across the process. go-git is not safe for
+// concurrent use of the same repository (even read access decodes packfiles into shared
+// state), so parallel jobs inspecting the shared workdir repo race without this. The guarded
+// operations are fast local reads; gitea runs one job per process, so the lock is effectively
+// uncontended in production.
+var goGitMu sync.Mutex
+
 // FindGitRevision get the current git revision
 func FindGitRevision(ctx context.Context, file string) (shortSha, sha string, err error) {
+	goGitMu.Lock()
+	defer goGitMu.Unlock()
+	return findGitRevision(ctx, file)
+}
+
+func findGitRevision(ctx context.Context, file string) (shortSha, sha string, err error) {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 
 	gitDir, err := git.PlainOpenWithOptions(
@@ -97,10 +112,13 @@ func FindGitRevision(ctx context.Context, file string) (shortSha, sha string, er
 
 // FindGitRef get the current git ref
 func FindGitRef(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
+	goGitMu.Lock()
+	defer goGitMu.Unlock()
+
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 
 	logger.Debugf("Loading revision from git directory")
-	_, ref, err := FindGitRevision(ctx, file)
+	_, ref, err := findGitRevision(ctx, file)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
@@ -172,6 +190,8 @@ func FindGitRef(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
 
 // FindGithubRepo get the repo
 func FindGithubRepo(ctx context.Context, file, githubInstance, remoteName string) (string, error) {
+	goGitMu.Lock()
+	defer goGitMu.Unlock()
 	if remoteName == "" {
 		remoteName = "origin"
 	}
@@ -241,47 +261,50 @@ type NewGitCloneExecutorInput struct {
 	InsecureSkipTLS bool
 }
 
-// CloneIfRequired ...
-func CloneIfRequired(ctx context.Context, refName plumbing.ReferenceName, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput, logger log.FieldLogger) (*git.Repository, error) {
+// CloneIfRequired returns the repository and a boolean indicating whether an existing local clone was reused.
+func CloneIfRequired(ctx context.Context, refName plumbing.ReferenceName, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput, logger log.FieldLogger) (*git.Repository, bool, error) {
 	r, err := git.PlainOpen(input.Dir)
-	if err != nil {
-		var progressWriter io.Writer
-		if isatty.IsTerminal(os.Stdout.Fd()) || isatty.IsCygwinTerminal(os.Stdout.Fd()) {
-			if entry, ok := logger.(*log.Entry); ok {
-				progressWriter = entry.WriterLevel(log.DebugLevel)
-			} else if lgr, ok := logger.(*log.Logger); ok {
-				progressWriter = lgr.WriterLevel(log.DebugLevel)
-			} else {
-				log.Errorf("Unable to get writer from logger (type=%T)", logger)
-				progressWriter = os.Stdout
-			}
-		}
+	if err == nil {
+		// Reuse existing clone
+		return r, true, nil
+	}
 
-		cloneOptions := git.CloneOptions{
-			URL:      input.URL,
-			Progress: progressWriter,
-
-			InsecureSkipTLS: input.InsecureSkipTLS, // For Gitea
-		}
-		if input.Token != "" {
-			cloneOptions.Auth = &http.BasicAuth{
-				Username: "token",
-				Password: input.Token,
-			}
-		}
-
-		r, err = git.PlainCloneContext(ctx, input.Dir, false, &cloneOptions)
-		if err != nil {
-			logger.Errorf("Unable to clone %v %s: %v", input.URL, refName, err)
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		if err = os.Chmod(input.Dir, 0o755); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+	var progressWriter io.Writer
+	if isatty.IsTerminal(os.Stdout.Fd()) || isatty.IsCygwinTerminal(os.Stdout.Fd()) {
+		if entry, ok := logger.(*log.Entry); ok {
+			progressWriter = entry.WriterLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+		} else if lgr, ok := logger.(*log.Logger); ok {
+			progressWriter = lgr.WriterLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+		} else {
+			log.Errorf("Unable to get writer from logger (type=%T)", logger)
+			progressWriter = os.Stdout
 		}
 	}
 
-	return r, nil
+	cloneOptions := git.CloneOptions{
+		URL:      input.URL,
+		Progress: progressWriter,
+
+		InsecureSkipTLS: input.InsecureSkipTLS, // For Gitea
+	}
+	if input.Token != "" {
+		cloneOptions.Auth = &http.BasicAuth{
+			Username: "token",
+			Password: input.Token,
+		}
+	}
+
+	r, err = git.PlainCloneContext(ctx, input.Dir, false, &cloneOptions)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Errorf("Unable to clone %v %s: %v", input.URL, refName, err)
+		return nil, false, err
+	}
+
+	if err = os.Chmod(input.Dir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return nil, false, err
+	}
+
+	return r, false, nil
 }
 
 func gitOptions(token string) (fetchOptions git.FetchOptions, pullOptions git.PullOptions) {
@@ -305,13 +328,13 @@ func gitOptions(token string) (fetchOptions git.FetchOptions, pullOptions git.Pu
 func NewGitCloneExecutor(input NewGitCloneExecutorInput) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-		logger.Infof("  \u2601  git clone '%s' # ref=%s", input.URL, input.Ref)
+		logger.Infof("git clone '%s' # ref=%s", input.URL, input.Ref)
 		logger.Debugf("  cloning %s to %s", input.URL, input.Dir)
 
-		defer acquireCloneLock(input.Dir)()
+		defer AcquireCloneLock(input.Dir)()
 
 		refName := plumbing.ReferenceName("refs/heads/" + input.Ref)
-		r, err := CloneIfRequired(ctx, refName, input, logger)
+		r, reused, err := CloneIfRequired(ctx, refName, input, logger)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -336,10 +359,10 @@ func NewGitCloneExecutor(input NewGitCloneExecutorInput) common.Executor {
 		var hash *plumbing.Hash
 		rev := plumbing.Revision(input.Ref)
 		if hash, err = r.ResolveRevision(rev); err != nil {
+			// ResolveRevision returns a nil hash on error, and a branch ref legitimately fails
+			// here (no local refs/heads/<ref>); the duck-typing below resolves it.
 			logger.Errorf("Unable to resolve %s: %v", input.Ref, err)
-		}
-
-		if hash.String() != input.Ref && strings.HasPrefix(hash.String(), input.Ref) {
+		} else if hash.String() != input.Ref && strings.HasPrefix(hash.String(), input.Ref) {
 			return &Error{
 				err:    ErrShortRef,
 				commit: hash.String(),
@@ -390,12 +413,18 @@ func NewGitCloneExecutor(input NewGitCloneExecutorInput) common.Executor {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
+
+		reusedMsg := ""
+
 		if !isOfflineMode {
 			if err = w.Pull(&pullOptions); err != nil && err != git.NoErrAlreadyUpToDate {
 				logger.Debugf("Unable to pull %s: %v", refName, err)
 			}
+		} else if reused {
+			reusedMsg = " (reused in offline mode)"
 		}
-		logger.Debugf("Cloned %s to %s", input.URL, input.Dir)
+
+		logger.Debugf("Cloned %s to %s%s", input.URL, input.Dir, reusedMsg)
 
 		if hash.String() != input.Ref && refType == "branch" {
 			logger.Debugf("Provided ref is not a sha. Updating branch ref after pull")

act/common/git/git_test.go

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
@@ -50,10 +49,6 @@ func TestFindGitSlug(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func testDir(t *testing.T) string {
-	return t.TempDir()
-}
-
 func cleanGitHooks(dir string) error {
 	hooksDir := filepath.Join(dir, ".git", "hooks")
 	files, err := os.ReadDir(hooksDir)
@@ -78,8 +73,7 @@ func cleanGitHooks(dir string) error {
 func TestFindGitRemoteURL(t *testing.T) {
 	assert := assert.New(t)
 
-	basedir := testDir(t)
-	gitConfig()
+	basedir := t.TempDir()
 	err := gitCmd("init", basedir)
 	assert.NoError(err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 	err = cleanGitHooks(basedir)
@@ -102,8 +96,7 @@ func TestFindGitRemoteURL(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGitFindRef(t *testing.T) {
-	basedir := testDir(t)
-	gitConfig()
+	basedir := t.TempDir()
 
 	for name, tt := range map[string]struct {
 		Prepare func(t *testing.T, dir string)
@@ -180,36 +173,55 @@ func TestGitFindRef(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGitCloneExecutor(t *testing.T) {
+	// Build a local bare "remote" so this runs offline and fast. The cases below mirror
+	// the tag/branch/sha/short-sha ref paths the executor handles, formerly exercised by
+	// cloning actions/checkout and anchore/scan-action over the network.
+	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
+
+	workDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "initial"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "tag", "v2"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "origin", "v2"))
+
+	// A branch with a dash in the name (mirrors the historical scan-action@act-fails case).
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "act-fails"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "branch-commit"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "origin", "act-fails"))
+
+	out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", workDir, "rev-parse", "main").Output()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	fullSha := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
+
 	for name, tt := range map[string]struct {
-		Err      error
-		URL, Ref string
+		Err error
+		Ref string
 	}{
 		"tag": {
 			Err: nil,
-			URL: "https://github.com/actions/checkout",
 			Ref: "v2",
 		},
 		"branch": {
 			Err: nil,
-			URL: "https://github.com/anchore/scan-action",
 			Ref: "act-fails",
 		},
 		"sha": {
 			Err: nil,
-			URL: "https://github.com/actions/checkout",
-			Ref: "5a4ac9002d0be2fb38bd78e4b4dbde5606d7042f", // v2
+			Ref: fullSha,
 		},
 		"short-sha": {
-			Err: &Error{ErrShortRef, "5a4ac9002d0be2fb38bd78e4b4dbde5606d7042f"},
-			URL: "https://github.com/actions/checkout",
-			Ref: "5a4ac90", // v2
+			Err: &Error{ErrShortRef, fullSha},
+			Ref: fullSha[:7],
 		},
 	} {
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			clone := NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
-				URL: tt.URL,
+				URL: remoteDir,
 				Ref: tt.Ref,
-				Dir: testDir(t),
+				Dir: t.TempDir(),
 			})
 
 			err := clone(context.Background())
@@ -228,8 +240,6 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutorNonFastForwardRef(t *testing.T) {
 	// non-fast-forward between two fetches. Before the fix, the fetch used Force=false,
 	// causing go-git to return ErrForceNeeded and short-circuit the checkout.
 
-	gitConfig()
-
 	// Create a bare "remote" repo with an initial commit on main and a feature branch.
 	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
@@ -279,22 +289,67 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutorNonFastForwardRef(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "second", strings.TrimSpace(string(out)), "working tree should be at the latest commit")
 }
 
-func gitConfig() {
-	if os.Getenv("GITHUB_ACTIONS") == "true" {
-		var err error
-		if err = gitCmd("config", "--global", "user.email", "test@test.com"); err != nil {
-			log.Error(err)
-		}
-		if err = gitCmd("config", "--global", "user.name", "Unit Test"); err != nil {
-			log.Error(err)
-		}
-	}
+func TestGitCloneExecutorOfflineMode(t *testing.T) {
+	// Build a local "remote" with a single commit on main.
+	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
+	workDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "initial"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
+
+	// Prime the cache with an online clone of main.
+	cacheDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+		URL: remoteDir,
+		Ref: "main",
+		Dir: cacheDir,
+	})(context.Background()))
+
+	t.Run("cached branch resolves without fetching", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Offline reuse of a cached branch must succeed even though ResolveRevision(input.Ref)
+		// finds no local refs/heads/<ref>.
+		err := NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+			URL:         remoteDir,
+			Ref:         "main",
+			Dir:         cacheDir,
+			OfflineMode: true,
+		})(context.Background())
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", cacheDir, "log", "--oneline", "-1", "--format=%s").Output()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "initial", strings.TrimSpace(string(out)))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unresolvable cached ref returns error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// The ref was never cached; offline mode cannot resolve it and must return an error.
+		err := NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+			URL:         remoteDir,
+			Ref:         "never-fetched",
+			Dir:         cacheDir,
+			OfflineMode: true,
+		})(context.Background())
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
 }
 
 func gitCmd(args ...string) error {
 	cmd := exec.Command("git", args...)
 	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
 	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	// Inject a deterministic identity and ignore the host's global/system config so commits
+	// succeed regardless of the host having no user.name/user.email (e.g. CI, GITHUB_ACTIONS
+	// unset) or a global commit.gpgsign, and without mutating the developer's ~/.gitconfig.
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(),
+		"GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Unit Test",
+		"GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=test@test.com",
+		"GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=Unit Test",
+		"GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=test@test.com",
+		"GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL=/dev/null",
+		"GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM=/dev/null",
+	)
 
 	err := cmd.Run()
 	if exitError, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
@@ -310,11 +365,11 @@ func TestAcquireCloneLock(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("same directory serializes", func(t *testing.T) {
 		dir := t.TempDir()
 
-		unlock1 := acquireCloneLock(dir)
+		unlock1 := AcquireCloneLock(dir)
 
 		secondAcquired := make(chan struct{})
 		go func() {
-			unlock := acquireCloneLock(dir)
+			unlock := AcquireCloneLock(dir)
 			close(secondAcquired)
 			unlock()
 		}()
@@ -338,12 +393,12 @@ func TestAcquireCloneLock(t *testing.T) {
 		dirA := t.TempDir()
 		dirB := t.TempDir()
 
-		unlockA := acquireCloneLock(dirA)
+		unlockA := AcquireCloneLock(dirA)
 		defer unlockA()
 
 		done := make(chan struct{})
 		go func() {
-			unlock := acquireCloneLock(dirB)
+			unlock := AcquireCloneLock(dirB)
 			unlock()
 			close(done)
 		}()

act/container/container_types.go

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ type NewContainerInput struct {
 	// Gitea specific
 	AutoRemove   bool
 	ValidVolumes []string
+	AllocatePTY  bool // allocate a pseudo-TTY for the container's exec processes
 }
 
 // FileEntry is a file to copy to a container

act/container/docker_auth.go

@@ -8,34 +8,33 @@ package container
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"strings"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 
+	"github.com/distribution/reference"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/config"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/config/credentials"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/registry"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/registry"
 )
 
 func LoadDockerAuthConfig(ctx context.Context, image string) (registry.AuthConfig, error) {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-	config, err := config.Load(config.Dir())
+	// config.LoadDefaultConfigFile panics on nil io.Writer when the config
+	// file is malformed; use config.Load to route errors through the logger.
+	cfg, err := config.Load(config.Dir())
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Warnf("Could not load docker config: %v", err)
 		return registry.AuthConfig{}, err
 	}
-
-	if !config.ContainsAuth() {
-		config.CredentialsStore = credentials.DetectDefaultStore(config.CredentialsStore)
+	registryKey := registryAuthConfigKey("docker.io")
+	if image != "" {
+		if registryRef, refErr := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(image); refErr != nil {
+			logger.Warnf("Could not normalize image reference: %v", refErr)
+		} else {
+			registryKey = registryAuthConfigKey(reference.Domain(registryRef))
+		}
 	}
 
-	hostName := "index.docker.io"
-	index := strings.IndexRune(image, '/')
-	if index > -1 && (strings.ContainsAny(image[:index], ".:") || image[:index] == "localhost") {
-		hostName = image[:index]
-	}
-
-	authConfig, err := config.GetAuthConfig(hostName)
+	authConfig, err := cfg.GetAuthConfig(registryKey)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Warnf("Could not get auth config from docker config: %v", err)
 		return registry.AuthConfig{}, err
@@ -46,17 +45,16 @@ func LoadDockerAuthConfig(ctx context.Context, image string) (registry.AuthConfi
 
 func LoadDockerAuthConfigs(ctx context.Context) map[string]registry.AuthConfig {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-	config, err := config.Load(config.Dir())
+	cfg, err := config.Load(config.Dir())
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Warnf("Could not load docker config: %v", err)
 		return nil
 	}
-
-	if !config.ContainsAuth() {
-		config.CredentialsStore = credentials.DetectDefaultStore(config.CredentialsStore)
+	creds, err := cfg.GetAllCredentials()
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Warnf("Could not get docker auth configs: %v", err)
+		return nil
 	}
-
-	creds, _ := config.GetAllCredentials()
 	authConfigs := make(map[string]registry.AuthConfig, len(creds))
 	for k, v := range creds {
 		authConfigs[k] = registry.AuthConfig(v)
@@ -64,3 +62,10 @@ func LoadDockerAuthConfigs(ctx context.Context) map[string]registry.AuthConfig {
 
 	return authConfigs
 }
+
+func registryAuthConfigKey(domainName string) string {
+	if domainName == "docker.io" || domainName == "index.docker.io" {
+		return "https://index.docker.io/v1/"
+	}
+	return domainName
+}

act/container/docker_build.go

@@ -14,10 +14,12 @@ import (
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/archive"
-	"github.com/moby/buildkit/frontend/dockerfile/dockerignore"
+	"github.com/moby/go-archive"
+	"github.com/moby/go-archive/compression"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/client"
 	"github.com/moby/patternmatcher"
+	"github.com/moby/patternmatcher/ignorefile"
+	specs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 )
 
 // NewDockerBuildExecutor function to create a run executor for the container
@@ -25,9 +27,9 @@ func NewDockerBuildExecutor(input NewDockerBuildExecutorInput) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 		if input.Platform != "" {
-			logger.Infof("%sdocker build -t %s --platform %s %s", logPrefix, input.ImageTag, input.Platform, input.ContextDir)
+			logger.Infof("docker build -t %s --platform %s %s", input.ImageTag, input.Platform, input.ContextDir)
 		} else {
-			logger.Infof("%sdocker build -t %s %s", logPrefix, input.ImageTag, input.ContextDir)
+			logger.Infof("docker build -t %s %s", input.ImageTag, input.ContextDir)
 		}
 		if common.Dryrun(ctx) {
 			return nil
@@ -42,13 +44,19 @@ func NewDockerBuildExecutor(input NewDockerBuildExecutorInput) common.Executor {
 		logger.Debugf("Building image from '%v'", input.ContextDir)
 
 		tags := []string{input.ImageTag}
-		options := types.ImageBuildOptions{
+		options := client.ImageBuildOptions{
 			Tags:        tags,
 			Remove:      true,
-			Platform:    input.Platform,
 			AuthConfigs: LoadDockerAuthConfigs(ctx),
 			Dockerfile:  input.Dockerfile,
 		}
+		platform, err := parsePlatform(input.Platform)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if platform != nil {
+			options.Platforms = []specs.Platform{*platform}
+		}
 		var buildContext io.ReadCloser
 		if input.BuildContext != nil {
 			buildContext = io.NopCloser(input.BuildContext)
@@ -76,7 +84,7 @@ func createBuildContext(ctx context.Context, contextDir, relDockerfile string) (
 	common.Logger(ctx).Debugf("Creating archive for build context dir '%s' with relative dockerfile '%s'", contextDir, relDockerfile)
 
 	// And canonicalize dockerfile name to a platform-independent one
-	relDockerfile = archive.CanonicalTarNameForPath(relDockerfile)
+	relDockerfile = filepath.ToSlash(relDockerfile)
 
 	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(contextDir, ".dockerignore"))
 	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
@@ -86,7 +94,7 @@ func createBuildContext(ctx context.Context, contextDir, relDockerfile string) (
 
 	var excludes []string
 	if err == nil {
-		excludes, err = dockerignore.ReadAll(f) //nolint:staticcheck // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+		excludes, err = ignorefile.ReadAll(f)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -106,9 +114,8 @@ func createBuildContext(ctx context.Context, contextDir, relDockerfile string) (
 		includes = append(includes, ".dockerignore", relDockerfile)
 	}
 
-	compression := archive.Uncompressed
 	buildCtx, err := archive.TarWithOptions(contextDir, &archive.TarOptions{
-		Compression:     compression,
+		Compression:     compression.None,
 		ExcludePatterns: excludes,
 		IncludeFiles:    includes,
 	})

act/container/docker_cli_test.go

@@ -16,15 +16,18 @@ package container
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
-	networktypes "github.com/docker/docker/api/types/network"
 	"github.com/docker/go-connections/nat"
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/cmpopts"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/container"
+	networktypes "github.com/moby/moby/api/types/network"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
 	"gotest.tools/v3/assert"
@@ -77,21 +80,21 @@ func setupRunFlags() (*pflag.FlagSet, *containerOptions) {
 	return flags, copts
 }
 
-func mustParse(t *testing.T, args string) (*container.Config, *container.HostConfig) {
+func mustParse(t *testing.T, args string) (*container.Config, *container.HostConfig, *networktypes.NetworkingConfig) {
 	t.Helper()
-	config, hostConfig, _, err := parseRun(append(strings.Split(args, " "), "ubuntu", "bash"))
+	config, hostConfig, networkingConfig, err := parseRun(append(strings.Split(args, " "), "ubuntu", "bash"))
 	assert.NilError(t, err)
-	return config, hostConfig
+	return config, hostConfig, networkingConfig
 }
 
 func TestParseRunLinks(t *testing.T) {
-	if _, hostConfig := mustParse(t, "--link a:b"); len(hostConfig.Links) == 0 || hostConfig.Links[0] != "a:b" {
+	if _, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, "--link a:b"); len(hostConfig.Links) == 0 || hostConfig.Links[0] != "a:b" {
 		t.Fatalf("Error parsing links. Expected []string{\"a:b\"}, received: %v", hostConfig.Links)
 	}
-	if _, hostConfig := mustParse(t, "--link a:b --link c:d"); len(hostConfig.Links) < 2 || hostConfig.Links[0] != "a:b" || hostConfig.Links[1] != "c:d" {
+	if _, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, "--link a:b --link c:d"); len(hostConfig.Links) < 2 || hostConfig.Links[0] != "a:b" || hostConfig.Links[1] != "c:d" {
 		t.Fatalf("Error parsing links. Expected []string{\"a:b\", \"c:d\"}, received: %v", hostConfig.Links)
 	}
-	if _, hostConfig := mustParse(t, ""); len(hostConfig.Links) != 0 {
+	if _, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, ""); len(hostConfig.Links) != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("Error parsing links. No link expected, received: %v", hostConfig.Links)
 	}
 }
@@ -140,7 +143,7 @@ func TestParseRunAttach(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	for _, tc := range tests {
 		t.Run(tc.input, func(t *testing.T) {
-			config, _ := mustParse(t, tc.input)
+			config, _, _ := mustParse(t, tc.input)
 			assert.Equal(t, config.AttachStdin, tc.expected.AttachStdin)
 			assert.Equal(t, config.AttachStdout, tc.expected.AttachStdout)
 			assert.Equal(t, config.AttachStderr, tc.expected.AttachStderr)
@@ -194,10 +197,10 @@ func TestParseRunWithInvalidArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestParseWithVolumes(t *testing.T) {
+func TestParseWithVolumes(t *testing.T) { //nolint:gocyclo // verbatim copy from docker/cli tests
 	// A single volume
 	arr, tryit := setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/tmp`}, []string{`c:\tmp`})
-	if config, hostConfig := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds != nil {
+	if config, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %q should not mount-bind anything. Received %v", tryit, hostConfig.Binds)
 	} else if _, exists := config.Volumes[arr[0]]; !exists {
 		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %q is missing from volumes. Received %v", tryit, config.Volumes)
@@ -205,7 +208,7 @@ func TestParseWithVolumes(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Two volumes
 	arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/tmp`, `/var`}, []string{`c:\tmp`, `c:\var`})
-	if config, hostConfig := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds != nil {
+	if config, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %q should not mount-bind anything. Received %v", tryit, hostConfig.Binds)
 	} else if _, exists := config.Volumes[arr[0]]; !exists {
 		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %s is missing from volumes. Received %v", arr[0], config.Volumes)
@@ -215,13 +218,13 @@ func TestParseWithVolumes(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// A single bind mount
 	arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp`}, []string{os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp`})
-	if config, hostConfig := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || hostConfig.Binds[0] != arr[0] {
+	if config, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || hostConfig.Binds[0] != arr[0] {
 		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %q should mount-bind the path before the colon into the path after the colon. Received %v %v", arr[0], hostConfig.Binds, config.Volumes)
 	}
 
 	// Two bind mounts.
 	arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp`, `/hostVar:/containerVar`}, []string{os.Getenv("ProgramData") + `:c:\ContainerPD`, os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp`})
-	if _, hostConfig := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || compareRandomizedStrings(hostConfig.Binds[0], hostConfig.Binds[1], arr[0], arr[1]) != nil {
+	if _, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || compareRandomizedStrings(hostConfig.Binds[0], hostConfig.Binds[1], arr[0], arr[1]) != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, `%s and %s` did not mount-bind correctly. Received %v", arr[0], arr[1], hostConfig.Binds)
 	}
 
@@ -230,26 +233,26 @@ func TestParseWithVolumes(t *testing.T) {
 	arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume(
 		[]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp:ro`, `/hostVar:/containerVar:rw`},
 		[]string{os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp:rw`, os.Getenv("ProgramData") + `:c:\ContainerPD:rw`})
-	if _, hostConfig := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || compareRandomizedStrings(hostConfig.Binds[0], hostConfig.Binds[1], arr[0], arr[1]) != nil {
+	if _, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || compareRandomizedStrings(hostConfig.Binds[0], hostConfig.Binds[1], arr[0], arr[1]) != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, `%s and %s` did not mount-bind correctly. Received %v", arr[0], arr[1], hostConfig.Binds)
 	}
 
 	// Similar to previous test but with alternate modes which are only supported by Linux
 	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
 		arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp:ro,Z`, `/hostVar:/containerVar:rw,Z`}, []string{})
-		if _, hostConfig := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || compareRandomizedStrings(hostConfig.Binds[0], hostConfig.Binds[1], arr[0], arr[1]) != nil {
+		if _, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || compareRandomizedStrings(hostConfig.Binds[0], hostConfig.Binds[1], arr[0], arr[1]) != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, `%s and %s` did not mount-bind correctly. Received %v", arr[0], arr[1], hostConfig.Binds)
 		}
 
 		arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp:Z`, `/hostVar:/containerVar:z`}, []string{})
-		if _, hostConfig := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || compareRandomizedStrings(hostConfig.Binds[0], hostConfig.Binds[1], arr[0], arr[1]) != nil {
+		if _, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || compareRandomizedStrings(hostConfig.Binds[0], hostConfig.Binds[1], arr[0], arr[1]) != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, `%s and %s` did not mount-bind correctly. Received %v", arr[0], arr[1], hostConfig.Binds)
 		}
 	}
 
 	// One bind mount and one volume
 	arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp`, `/containerVar`}, []string{os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp`, `c:\containerTmp`})
-	if config, hostConfig := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || len(hostConfig.Binds) > 1 || hostConfig.Binds[0] != arr[0] {
+	if config, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || len(hostConfig.Binds) > 1 || hostConfig.Binds[0] != arr[0] {
 		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %s and %s should only one and only one bind mount %s. Received %s", arr[0], arr[1], arr[0], hostConfig.Binds)
 	} else if _, exists := config.Volumes[arr[1]]; !exists {
 		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags %s and %s. %s is missing from volumes. Received %v", arr[0], arr[1], arr[1], config.Volumes)
@@ -258,7 +261,7 @@ func TestParseWithVolumes(t *testing.T) {
 	// Root to non-c: drive letter (Windows specific)
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{}, []string{os.Getenv("SystemDrive") + `\:d:`})
-		if config, hostConfig := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || len(hostConfig.Binds) > 1 || hostConfig.Binds[0] != arr[0] || len(config.Volumes) != 0 {
+		if config, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || len(hostConfig.Binds) > 1 || hostConfig.Binds[0] != arr[0] || len(config.Volumes) != 0 {
 			t.Fatalf("Error parsing %s. Should have a single bind mount and no volumes", arr[0])
 		}
 	}
@@ -294,6 +297,36 @@ func compareRandomizedStrings(a, b, c, d string) error {
 	return errors.Errorf("strings don't match")
 }
 
+func mustNetworkPort(t *testing.T, value string) networktypes.Port {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	port, err := networktypes.ParsePort(value)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to parse network port %q: %v", value, err)
+	}
+	return port
+}
+
+func mustAddr(t *testing.T, value string) netip.Addr {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(value)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to parse address %q: %v", value, err)
+	}
+	return addr
+}
+
+func mustAddrs(t *testing.T, values ...string) []netip.Addr {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	addrs := make([]netip.Addr, 0, len(values))
+	for _, value := range values {
+		addrs = append(addrs, mustAddr(t, value))
+	}
+	return addrs
+}
+
 // Simple parse with MacAddress validation
 func TestParseWithMacAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	invalidMacAddress := "--mac-address=invalidMacAddress"
@@ -301,9 +334,10 @@ func TestParseWithMacAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{invalidMacAddress, "img", "cmd"}); err != nil && err.Error() != "invalidMacAddress is not a valid mac address" {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected an error with %v mac-address, got %v", invalidMacAddress, err)
 	}
-	if config, _ := mustParse(t, validMacAddress); config.MacAddress != "92:d0:c6:0a:29:33" { //nolint:staticcheck // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-		t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have '92:d0:c6:0a:29:33' as MacAddress, got '%v'", config.MacAddress) //nolint:staticcheck // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-	}
+	_, hostConfig, networkingConfig := mustParse(t, validMacAddress)
+	endpoint := networkingConfig.EndpointsConfig[string(hostConfig.NetworkMode)]
+	assert.Check(t, endpoint != nil)
+	assert.Equal(t, "92:d0:c6:0a:29:33", endpoint.MacAddress.String())
 }
 
 func TestRunFlagsParseWithMemory(t *testing.T) {
@@ -312,7 +346,7 @@ func TestRunFlagsParseWithMemory(t *testing.T) {
 	err := flags.Parse(args)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, `invalid argument "invalid" for "-m, --memory" flag`)
 
-	_, hostconfig := mustParse(t, "--memory=1G")
+	_, hostconfig, _ := mustParse(t, "--memory=1G")
 	assert.Check(t, is.Equal(int64(1073741824), hostconfig.Memory))
 }
 
@@ -322,10 +356,10 @@ func TestParseWithMemorySwap(t *testing.T) {
 	err := flags.Parse(args)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, `invalid argument "invalid" for "--memory-swap" flag`)
 
-	_, hostconfig := mustParse(t, "--memory-swap=1G")
+	_, hostconfig, _ := mustParse(t, "--memory-swap=1G")
 	assert.Check(t, is.Equal(int64(1073741824), hostconfig.MemorySwap))
 
-	_, hostconfig = mustParse(t, "--memory-swap=-1")
+	_, hostconfig, _ = mustParse(t, "--memory-swap=-1")
 	assert.Check(t, is.Equal(int64(-1), hostconfig.MemorySwap))
 }
 
@@ -340,14 +374,14 @@ func TestParseHostname(t *testing.T) {
 	hostnameWithDomain := "--hostname=hostname.domainname"
 	hostnameWithDomainTld := "--hostname=hostname.domainname.tld"
 	for hostname, expectedHostname := range validHostnames {
-		if config, _ := mustParse(t, "--hostname="+hostname); config.Hostname != expectedHostname {
+		if config, _, _ := mustParse(t, "--hostname="+hostname); config.Hostname != expectedHostname {
 			t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have 'hostname' as %q, got %q", expectedHostname, config.Hostname)
 		}
 	}
-	if config, _ := mustParse(t, hostnameWithDomain); config.Hostname != "hostname.domainname" || config.Domainname != "" {
+	if config, _, _ := mustParse(t, hostnameWithDomain); config.Hostname != "hostname.domainname" || config.Domainname != "" {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have 'hostname' as hostname.domainname, got %q", config.Hostname)
 	}
-	if config, _ := mustParse(t, hostnameWithDomainTld); config.Hostname != "hostname.domainname.tld" || config.Domainname != "" {
+	if config, _, _ := mustParse(t, hostnameWithDomainTld); config.Hostname != "hostname.domainname.tld" || config.Domainname != "" {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have 'hostname' as hostname.domainname.tld, got %q", config.Hostname)
 	}
 }
@@ -361,26 +395,28 @@ func TestParseHostnameDomainname(t *testing.T) {
 		"domainname-63-bytes-long-should-be-valid-and-without-any-errors": "domainname-63-bytes-long-should-be-valid-and-without-any-errors",
 	}
 	for domainname, expectedDomainname := range validDomainnames {
-		if config, _ := mustParse(t, "--domainname="+domainname); config.Domainname != expectedDomainname {
+		if config, _, _ := mustParse(t, "--domainname="+domainname); config.Domainname != expectedDomainname {
 			t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have 'domainname' as %q, got %q", expectedDomainname, config.Domainname)
 		}
 	}
-	if config, _ := mustParse(t, "--hostname=some.prefix --domainname=domainname"); config.Hostname != "some.prefix" || config.Domainname != "domainname" {
+	if config, _, _ := mustParse(t, "--hostname=some.prefix --domainname=domainname"); config.Hostname != "some.prefix" || config.Domainname != "domainname" {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have 'hostname' as 'some.prefix' and 'domainname' as 'domainname', got %q and %q", config.Hostname, config.Domainname)
 	}
-	if config, _ := mustParse(t, "--hostname=another-prefix --domainname=domainname.tld"); config.Hostname != "another-prefix" || config.Domainname != "domainname.tld" {
+	if config, _, _ := mustParse(t, "--hostname=another-prefix --domainname=domainname.tld"); config.Hostname != "another-prefix" || config.Domainname != "domainname.tld" {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have 'hostname' as 'another-prefix' and 'domainname' as 'domainname.tld', got %q and %q", config.Hostname, config.Domainname)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestParseWithExpose(t *testing.T) {
-	invalids := map[string]string{
-		":":                   "invalid port format for --expose: :",
-		"8080:9090":           "invalid port format for --expose: 8080:9090",
-		"NaN/tcp":             `invalid range format for --expose: NaN/tcp, error: strconv.ParseUint: parsing "NaN": invalid syntax`,
-		"NaN-NaN/tcp":         `invalid range format for --expose: NaN-NaN/tcp, error: strconv.ParseUint: parsing "NaN": invalid syntax`,
-		"8080-NaN/tcp":        `invalid range format for --expose: 8080-NaN/tcp, error: strconv.ParseUint: parsing "NaN": invalid syntax`,
-		"1234567890-8080/tcp": `invalid range format for --expose: 1234567890-8080/tcp, error: strconv.ParseUint: parsing "1234567890": value out of range`,
+	invalids := []string{
+		":",
+		"8080:9090",
+		"/tcp",
+		"/udp",
+		"NaN/tcp",
+		"NaN-NaN/tcp",
+		"8080-NaN/tcp",
+		"1234567890-8080/tcp",
 	}
 	valids := map[string][]nat.Port{
 		"8080/tcp":      {"8080/tcp"},
@@ -389,9 +425,9 @@ func TestParseWithExpose(t *testing.T) {
 		"8080-8080/udp": {"8080/udp"},
 		"8080-8082/tcp": {"8080/tcp", "8081/tcp", "8082/tcp"},
 	}
-	for expose, expectedError := range invalids {
-		if _, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{fmt.Sprintf("--expose=%v", expose), "img", "cmd"}); err == nil || err.Error() != expectedError {
-			t.Fatalf("Expected error '%v' with '--expose=%v', got '%v'", expectedError, expose, err)
+	for _, expose := range invalids {
+		if _, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{fmt.Sprintf("--expose=%v", expose), "img", "cmd"}); err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Expected error with '--expose=%v', got none", expose)
 		}
 	}
 	for expose, exposedPorts := range valids {
@@ -403,7 +439,7 @@ func TestParseWithExpose(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatalf("Expected %v exposed port, got %v", len(exposedPorts), len(config.ExposedPorts))
 		}
 		for _, port := range exposedPorts {
-			if _, ok := config.ExposedPorts[port]; !ok {
+			if _, ok := config.ExposedPorts[mustNetworkPort(t, string(port))]; !ok {
 				t.Fatalf("Expected %v, got %v", exposedPorts, config.ExposedPorts)
 			}
 		}
@@ -418,7 +454,7 @@ func TestParseWithExpose(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	ports := []nat.Port{"80/tcp", "81/tcp"}
 	for _, port := range ports {
-		if _, ok := config.ExposedPorts[port]; !ok {
+		if _, ok := config.ExposedPorts[mustNetworkPort(t, string(port))]; !ok {
 			t.Fatalf("Expected %v, got %v", ports, config.ExposedPorts)
 		}
 	}
@@ -498,9 +534,9 @@ func TestParseNetworkConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			expected: map[string]*networktypes.EndpointSettings{
 				"net1": {
 					IPAMConfig: &networktypes.EndpointIPAMConfig{
-						IPv4Address:  "172.20.88.22",
-						IPv6Address:  "2001:db8::8822",
-						LinkLocalIPs: []string{"169.254.2.2", "fe80::169:254:2:2"},
+						IPv4Address:  mustAddr(t, "172.20.88.22"),
+						IPv6Address:  mustAddr(t, "2001:db8::8822"),
+						LinkLocalIPs: mustAddrs(t, "169.254.2.2", "fe80::169:254:2:2"),
 					},
 					Links:   []string{"foo:bar", "bar:baz"},
 					Aliases: []string{"web1", "web2"},
@@ -527,9 +563,9 @@ func TestParseNetworkConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				"net1": {
 					DriverOpts: map[string]string{"field1": "value1"},
 					IPAMConfig: &networktypes.EndpointIPAMConfig{
-						IPv4Address:  "172.20.88.22",
-						IPv6Address:  "2001:db8::8822",
-						LinkLocalIPs: []string{"169.254.2.2", "fe80::169:254:2:2"},
+						IPv4Address:  mustAddr(t, "172.20.88.22"),
+						IPv6Address:  mustAddr(t, "2001:db8::8822"),
+						LinkLocalIPs: mustAddrs(t, "169.254.2.2", "fe80::169:254:2:2"),
 					},
 					Links:   []string{"foo:bar", "bar:baz"},
 					Aliases: []string{"web1", "web2"},
@@ -538,8 +574,8 @@ func TestParseNetworkConfig(t *testing.T) {
 				"net3": {
 					DriverOpts: map[string]string{"field3": "value3"},
 					IPAMConfig: &networktypes.EndpointIPAMConfig{
-						IPv4Address: "172.20.88.22",
-						IPv6Address: "2001:db8::8822",
+						IPv4Address: mustAddr(t, "172.20.88.22"),
+						IPv6Address: mustAddr(t, "2001:db8::8822"),
 					},
 					Aliases: []string{"web3"},
 				},
@@ -556,8 +592,8 @@ func TestParseNetworkConfig(t *testing.T) {
 						"field2": "value2",
 					},
 					IPAMConfig: &networktypes.EndpointIPAMConfig{
-						IPv4Address: "172.20.88.22",
-						IPv6Address: "2001:db8::8822",
+						IPv4Address: mustAddr(t, "172.20.88.22"),
+						IPv6Address: mustAddr(t, "2001:db8::8822"),
 					},
 					Aliases: []string{"web1", "web2"},
 				},
@@ -610,7 +646,9 @@ func TestParseNetworkConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 			assert.NilError(t, err)
 			assert.DeepEqual(t, hConfig.NetworkMode, tc.expectedCfg.NetworkMode)
-			assert.DeepEqual(t, nwConfig.EndpointsConfig, tc.expected)
+			if diff := cmp.Diff(tc.expected, nwConfig.EndpointsConfig, cmpopts.EquateComparable(netip.Addr{})); diff != "" {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected endpoints (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
+			}
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -631,7 +669,7 @@ func TestParseModes(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// uts ko
-	_, _, _, err = parseRun([]string{"--uts=container:", "img", "cmd"})
+	_, _, _, err = parseRun([]string{"--uts=container:", "img", "cmd"}) //nolint:dogsled // verbatim copy from docker/cli tests
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "--uts: invalid UTS mode")
 
 	// uts ok
@@ -691,10 +729,9 @@ func TestParseRestartPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestParseRestartPolicyAutoRemove(t *testing.T) {
-	expected := "Conflicting options: --restart and --rm"
-	_, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--rm", "--restart=always", "img", "cmd"})
-	if err == nil || err.Error() != expected {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected error %v, but got none", expected)
+	_, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--rm", "--restart=always", "img", "cmd"}) //nolint:dogsled // verbatim copy from docker/cli tests
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Expected error for conflicting --restart and --rm, but got none")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -752,7 +789,7 @@ func TestParseLoggingOpts(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestParseEnvfileVariables(t *testing.T) { //nolint:dupl // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+func TestParseEnvfileVariables(t *testing.T) { //nolint:dupl // verbatim copy from docker/cli tests
 	e := "open nonexistent: no such file or directory"
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		e = "open nonexistent: The system cannot find the file specified."
@@ -795,7 +832,7 @@ func TestParseEnvfileVariablesWithBOMUnicode(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// UTF16 with BOM
-	e := "contains invalid utf8 bytes at line"
+	e := "invalid env file"
 	if _, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--env-file=testdata/utf16.env", "img", "cmd"}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), e) {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected an error with message '%s', got %v", e, err)
 	}
@@ -805,7 +842,7 @@ func TestParseEnvfileVariablesWithBOMUnicode(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestParseLabelfileVariables(t *testing.T) { //nolint:dupl // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+func TestParseLabelfileVariables(t *testing.T) { //nolint:dupl // verbatim copy from docker/cli tests
 	e := "open nonexistent: no such file or directory"
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		e = "open nonexistent: The system cannot find the file specified."

act/container/docker_images.go

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	cerrdefs "github.com/containerd/errdefs"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/client"
 )
 
 // ImageExistsLocally returns a boolean indicating if an image with the
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ func ImageExistsLocally(ctx context.Context, imageName, platform string) (bool,
 	}
 	defer cli.Close()
 
-	inspectImage, _, err := cli.ImageInspectWithRaw(ctx, imageName)
-	if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+	inspectImage, err := cli.ImageInspect(ctx, imageName)
+	if cerrdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
 		return false, nil
 	} else if err != nil {
 		return false, err
@@ -46,14 +46,14 @@ func RemoveImage(ctx context.Context, imageName string, force, pruneChildren boo
 	}
 	defer cli.Close()
 
-	inspectImage, _, err := cli.ImageInspectWithRaw(ctx, imageName)
-	if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+	inspectImage, err := cli.ImageInspect(ctx, imageName)
+	if cerrdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
 		return false, nil
 	} else if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
 
-	if _, err = cli.ImageRemove(ctx, inspectImage.ID, types.ImageRemoveOptions{
+	if _, err = cli.ImageRemove(ctx, inspectImage.ID, client.ImageRemoveOptions{
 		Force:         force,
 		PruneChildren: pruneChildren,
 	}); err != nil {

act/container/docker_images_test.go

@@ -6,66 +6,64 @@ package container
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"io"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func init() {
 	log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
 }
 
-func TestImageExistsLocally(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("skipping integration test")
-	}
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	// to help make this test reliable and not flaky, we need to have
-	// an image that will exist, and onew that won't exist
-
-	// Test if image exists with specific tag
-	invalidImageTag, err := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, "library/alpine:this-random-tag-will-never-exist", "linux/amd64")
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-	assert.False(t, invalidImageTag)
-
-	// Test if image exists with specific architecture (image platform)
-	invalidImagePlatform, err := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, "alpine:latest", "windows/amd64")
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-	assert.False(t, invalidImagePlatform)
-
-	// pull an image
-	cli, err := client.NewClientWithOpts(client.FromEnv)
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-	cli.NegotiateAPIVersion(context.Background())
-
-	// Chose alpine latest because it's so small
-	// maybe we should build an image instead so that tests aren't reliable on dockerhub
-	readerDefault, err := cli.ImagePull(ctx, "node:24-bookworm-slim", types.ImagePullOptions{
-		Platform: "linux/amd64",
-	})
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-	defer readerDefault.Close()
-	_, err = io.ReadAll(readerDefault)
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-
-	imageDefaultArchExists, err := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, "node:24-bookworm-slim", "linux/amd64")
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-	assert.True(t, imageDefaultArchExists)
-
-	// Validate if another architecture platform can be pulled
-	readerArm64, err := cli.ImagePull(ctx, "node:24-bookworm-slim", types.ImagePullOptions{
-		Platform: "linux/arm64",
-	})
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-	defer readerArm64.Close()
-	_, err = io.ReadAll(readerArm64)
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-
-	imageArm64Exists, err := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, "node:24-bookworm-slim", "linux/arm64")
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-	assert.True(t, imageArm64Exists)
+// buildScratchImage builds a tiny empty image for the given platform locally (FROM scratch, no
+// network or emulation since there is nothing to run) and returns its tag, removing it after
+// the test.
+func buildScratchImage(t *testing.T, platform string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	tag := fmt.Sprintf("act-test-exists-%s:latest", strings.TrimPrefix(platform, "linux/"))
+	cmd := exec.Command("docker", "build", "--platform", platform, "-t", tag, "-")
+	cmd.Stdin = strings.NewReader("FROM scratch\nLABEL act-test=1\n")
+	// Force BuildKit: it records the requested architecture in the image config for a
+	// FROM-scratch build, whereas the classic builder ignores --platform and tags it with the
+	// host arch, which would break the per-platform existence assertions below.
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1")
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	require.NoError(t, err, string(out))
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = exec.Command("docker", "rmi", "-f", tag).Run() })
+	return tag
+}
+
+func TestImageExistsLocally(t *testing.T) {
+	requireDocker(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// a non-existent image is reported absent
+	missing, err := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, "library/alpine:this-random-tag-will-never-exist", "linux/amd64")
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.False(t, missing)
+
+	// Build tiny images for two architectures locally so per-platform existence can be checked
+	// offline (formerly pulled node:24-bookworm-slim for amd64 and arm64 over the network).
+	amd64Ref := buildScratchImage(t, "linux/amd64")
+	arm64Ref := buildScratchImage(t, "linux/arm64")
+
+	amd64Exists, err := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, amd64Ref, "linux/amd64")
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.True(t, amd64Exists)
+
+	// a non-host architecture image is detected for its own architecture
+	arm64Exists, err := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, arm64Ref, "linux/arm64")
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.True(t, arm64Exists)
+
+	// a present image is reported absent for a different platform
+	wrongPlatform, err := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, amd64Ref, "linux/arm64")
+	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	assert.False(t, wrongPlatform)
 }

act/container/docker_logger.go

@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ type dockerMessage struct {
 	Progress string `json:"progress"`
 }
 
-const logPrefix = "  \U0001F433  "
-
 func logDockerResponse(logger logrus.FieldLogger, dockerResponse io.ReadCloser, isError bool) error {
 	if dockerResponse == nil {
 		return nil

act/container/docker_network.go

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/client"
 )
 
 func NewDockerNetworkCreateExecutor(name string) common.Executor {
@@ -23,20 +23,20 @@ func NewDockerNetworkCreateExecutor(name string) common.Executor {
 		defer cli.Close()
 
 		// Only create the network if it doesn't exist
-		networks, err := cli.NetworkList(ctx, types.NetworkListOptions{})
+		networks, err := cli.NetworkList(ctx, client.NetworkListOptions{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		// For Gitea, reduce log noise
 		// common.Logger(ctx).Debugf("%v", networks)
-		for _, network := range networks {
-			if network.Name == name {
+		for _, n := range networks.Items {
+			if n.Name == name {
 				common.Logger(ctx).Debugf("Network %v exists", name)
 				return nil
 			}
 		}
 
-		_, err = cli.NetworkCreate(ctx, name, types.NetworkCreate{
+		_, err = cli.NetworkCreate(ctx, name, client.NetworkCreateOptions{
 			Driver: "bridge",
 			Scope:  "local",
 		})
@@ -56,23 +56,23 @@ func NewDockerNetworkRemoveExecutor(name string) common.Executor {
 		}
 		defer cli.Close()
 
-		// Make shure that all network of the specified name are removed
+		// Make sure that all network of the specified name are removed
 		// cli.NetworkRemove refuses to remove a network if there are duplicates
-		networks, err := cli.NetworkList(ctx, types.NetworkListOptions{})
+		networks, err := cli.NetworkList(ctx, client.NetworkListOptions{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		// For Gitea, reduce log noise
 		// common.Logger(ctx).Debugf("%v", networks)
-		for _, network := range networks {
-			if network.Name == name {
-				result, err := cli.NetworkInspect(ctx, network.ID, types.NetworkInspectOptions{})
+		for _, n := range networks.Items {
+			if n.Name == name {
+				result, err := cli.NetworkInspect(ctx, n.ID, client.NetworkInspectOptions{})
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
 
-				if len(result.Containers) == 0 {
-					if err = cli.NetworkRemove(ctx, network.ID); err != nil {
+				if len(result.Network.Containers) == 0 {
+					if _, err = cli.NetworkRemove(ctx, n.ID, client.NetworkRemoveOptions{}); err != nil {
 						common.Logger(ctx).Debugf("%v", err)
 					}
 				} else {

act/container/docker_platform.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2025 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd))
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	specs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
+)
+
+// parsePlatform parses an "os/arch[/variant]" string into a Platform. An empty input
+// returns (nil, nil), meaning "no platform constraint". A non-empty but malformed
+// string is rejected explicitly so it cannot silently fall through to the daemon's
+// default architecture.
+func parsePlatform(platform string) (*specs.Platform, error) {
+	if platform == "" {
+		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // no platform constraint requested
+	}
+
+	parts := strings.Split(platform, "/")
+	if len(parts) < 2 || len(parts) > 3 || parts[0] == "" || parts[1] == "" || (len(parts) == 3 && parts[2] == "") {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid platform %q: expected os/arch[/variant]", platform)
+	}
+
+	spec := &specs.Platform{
+		OS:           strings.ToLower(parts[0]),
+		Architecture: strings.ToLower(parts[1]),
+	}
+	if len(parts) == 3 {
+		spec.Variant = strings.ToLower(parts[2])
+	}
+
+	return spec, nil
+}

act/container/docker_platform_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestParsePlatform(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("empty input returns nil platform without error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got, err := parsePlatform("")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, got)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("os/arch", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got, err := parsePlatform("linux/amd64")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, got)
+		assert.Equal(t, "linux", got.OS)
+		assert.Equal(t, "amd64", got.Architecture)
+		assert.Empty(t, got.Variant)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("os/arch/variant", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got, err := parsePlatform("linux/arm/v7")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, got)
+		assert.Equal(t, "linux", got.OS)
+		assert.Equal(t, "arm", got.Architecture)
+		assert.Equal(t, "v7", got.Variant)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("input is lowercased", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got, err := parsePlatform("Linux/AMD64/V8")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, got)
+		assert.Equal(t, "linux", got.OS)
+		assert.Equal(t, "amd64", got.Architecture)
+		assert.Equal(t, "v8", got.Variant)
+	})
+
+	for _, bad := range []string{
+		"amd64",
+		"linux",
+		"linux/",
+		"/amd64",
+		"/",
+		"//",
+		"linux/arm/",
+		"linux/arm/v7/extra",
+	} {
+		t.Run("rejects "+bad, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := parsePlatform(bad)
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			assert.Nil(t, got)
+		})
+	}
+}

act/container/docker_pull.go

@@ -8,23 +8,23 @@ package container
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 
 	"github.com/distribution/reference"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/registry"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/pkg/authconfig"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/registry"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/client"
+	specs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 )
 
 // NewDockerPullExecutor function to create a run executor for the container
 func NewDockerPullExecutor(input NewDockerPullExecutorInput) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-		logger.Debugf("%sdocker pull %v", logPrefix, input.Image)
+		logger.Debugf("docker pull %v", input.Image)
 
 		if common.Dryrun(ctx) {
 			return nil
@@ -78,26 +78,29 @@ func NewDockerPullExecutor(input NewDockerPullExecutorInput) common.Executor {
 	}
 }
 
-func getImagePullOptions(ctx context.Context, input NewDockerPullExecutorInput) (types.ImagePullOptions, error) {
-	imagePullOptions := types.ImagePullOptions{
-		Platform: input.Platform,
+func getImagePullOptions(ctx context.Context, input NewDockerPullExecutorInput) (client.ImagePullOptions, error) {
+	imagePullOptions := client.ImagePullOptions{}
+	platform, err := parsePlatform(input.Platform)
+	if err != nil {
+		return imagePullOptions, err
+	}
+	if platform != nil {
+		imagePullOptions.Platforms = []specs.Platform{*platform}
 	}
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 
 	if input.Username != "" && input.Password != "" {
 		logger.Debugf("using authentication for docker pull")
 
-		authConfig := registry.AuthConfig{
+		encodedAuth, err := authconfig.Encode(registry.AuthConfig{
 			Username: input.Username,
 			Password: input.Password,
-		}
-
-		encodedJSON, err := json.Marshal(authConfig)
+		})
 		if err != nil {
 			return imagePullOptions, err
 		}
 
-		imagePullOptions.RegistryAuth = base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(encodedJSON)
+		imagePullOptions.RegistryAuth = encodedAuth
 	} else {
 		authConfig, err := LoadDockerAuthConfig(ctx, input.Image)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -108,19 +111,17 @@ func getImagePullOptions(ctx context.Context, input NewDockerPullExecutorInput)
 		}
 		logger.Info("using DockerAuthConfig authentication for docker pull")
 
-		encodedJSON, err := json.Marshal(authConfig)
+		imagePullOptions.RegistryAuth, err = authconfig.Encode(authConfig)
 		if err != nil {
 			return imagePullOptions, err
 		}
-
-		imagePullOptions.RegistryAuth = base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(encodedJSON)
 	}
 
 	return imagePullOptions, nil
 }
 
-func cleanImage(ctx context.Context, image string) string {
-	ref, err := reference.ParseAnyReference(image)
+func cleanImage(ctx context.Context, imageName string) string {
+	ref, err := reference.ParseAnyReference(imageName)
 	if err != nil {
 		common.Logger(ctx).Error(err)
 		return ""

act/container/docker_pull_test.go

@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ func TestCleanImage(t *testing.T) {
 func TestGetImagePullOptions(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
+	orig := config.Dir()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { config.SetDir(orig) })
+
 	config.SetDir("/non-existent/docker")
 
 	options, err := getImagePullOptions(ctx, NewDockerPullExecutorInput{})

act/container/docker_run.go

@@ -17,31 +17,32 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 	"runtime"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/filecollector"
 
+	"dario.cat/mergo"
 	"github.com/Masterminds/semver"
+	cerrdefs "github.com/containerd/errdefs"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/compose/loader"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/connhelper"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/mount"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/network"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/stdcopy"
 	"github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5/helper/polyfill"
 	"github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5/osfs"
 	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/gitignore"
 	"github.com/gobwas/glob"
-	"github.com/imdario/mergo"
 	"github.com/joho/godotenv"
 	"github.com/kballard/go-shellquote"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/pkg/stdcopy"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/mount"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/network"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/system"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/client"
 	specs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
-	"golang.org/x/term"
 )
 
 // NewContainer creates a reference to a container
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ func NewContainer(input *NewContainerInput) ExecutionsEnvironment {
 
 func (cr *containerReference) ConnectToNetwork(name string) common.Executor {
 	return common.
-		NewDebugExecutor("%sdocker network connect %s %s", logPrefix, name, cr.input.Name).
+		NewDebugExecutor("docker network connect %s %s", name, cr.input.Name).
 		Then(
 			common.NewPipelineExecutor(
 				cr.connect(),
@@ -64,9 +65,13 @@ func (cr *containerReference) ConnectToNetwork(name string) common.Executor {
 
 func (cr *containerReference) connectToNetwork(name string, aliases []string) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		return cr.cli.NetworkConnect(ctx, name, cr.input.Name, &network.EndpointSettings{
-			Aliases: aliases,
+		_, err := cr.cli.NetworkConnect(ctx, name, client.NetworkConnectOptions{
+			Container: cr.input.Name,
+			EndpointConfig: &network.EndpointSettings{
+				Aliases: aliases,
+			},
 		})
+		return err
 	}
 }
 
@@ -74,7 +79,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) connectToNetwork(name string, aliases []string) co
 // API version is 1.41 and beyond
 func supportsContainerImagePlatform(ctx context.Context, cli client.APIClient) bool {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-	ver, err := cli.ServerVersion(ctx)
+	ver, err := cli.ServerVersion(ctx, client.ServerVersionOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Panicf("Failed to get Docker API Version: %s", err)
 		return false
@@ -90,7 +95,7 @@ func supportsContainerImagePlatform(ctx context.Context, cli client.APIClient) b
 
 func (cr *containerReference) Create(capAdd, capDrop []string) common.Executor {
 	return common.
-		NewInfoExecutor("%sdocker create image=%s platform=%s entrypoint=%+q cmd=%+q network=%+q", logPrefix, cr.input.Image, cr.input.Platform, cr.input.Entrypoint, cr.input.Cmd, cr.input.NetworkMode).
+		NewInfoExecutor("docker create image=%s platform=%s entrypoint=%+q cmd=%+q network=%+q", cr.input.Image, cr.input.Platform, cr.input.Entrypoint, cr.input.Cmd, cr.input.NetworkMode).
 		Then(
 			common.NewPipelineExecutor(
 				cr.connect(),
@@ -102,7 +107,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) Create(capAdd, capDrop []string) common.Executor {
 
 func (cr *containerReference) Start(attach bool) common.Executor {
 	return common.
-		NewInfoExecutor("%sdocker run image=%s platform=%s entrypoint=%+q cmd=%+q network=%+q", logPrefix, cr.input.Image, cr.input.Platform, cr.input.Entrypoint, cr.input.Cmd, cr.input.NetworkMode).
+		NewInfoExecutor("docker run image=%s platform=%s entrypoint=%+q cmd=%+q network=%+q", cr.input.Image, cr.input.Platform, cr.input.Entrypoint, cr.input.Cmd, cr.input.NetworkMode).
 		Then(
 			common.NewPipelineExecutor(
 				cr.connect(),
@@ -125,7 +130,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) Start(attach bool) common.Executor {
 
 func (cr *containerReference) Pull(forcePull bool) common.Executor {
 	return common.
-		NewInfoExecutor("%sdocker pull image=%s platform=%s username=%s forcePull=%t", logPrefix, cr.input.Image, cr.input.Platform, cr.input.Username, forcePull).
+		NewInfoExecutor("docker pull image=%s platform=%s username=%s forcePull=%t", cr.input.Image, cr.input.Platform, cr.input.Username, forcePull).
 		Then(
 			NewDockerPullExecutor(NewDockerPullExecutorInput{
 				Image:     cr.input.Image,
@@ -147,7 +152,9 @@ func (cr *containerReference) Copy(destPath string, files ...*FileEntry) common.
 
 func (cr *containerReference) CopyDir(destPath, srcPath string, useGitIgnore bool) common.Executor {
 	return common.NewPipelineExecutor(
-		common.NewInfoExecutor("%sdocker cp src=%s dst=%s", logPrefix, srcPath, destPath),
+		common.NewInfoExecutor("docker cp src=%s dst=%s", srcPath, destPath),
+		cr.connect(),
+		cr.find(),
 		cr.copyDir(destPath, srcPath, useGitIgnore),
 		func(ctx context.Context) error {
 			// If this fails, then folders have wrong permissions on non root container
@@ -163,8 +170,21 @@ func (cr *containerReference) GetContainerArchive(ctx context.Context, srcPath s
 	if common.Dryrun(ctx) {
 		return nil, errors.New("DRYRUN is not supported in GetContainerArchive")
 	}
-	a, _, err := cr.cli.CopyFromContainer(ctx, cr.id, srcPath)
-	return a, err
+	// Direct entry point (no pipeline) — revalidate cr.id ourselves.
+	if err := cr.connect()(ctx); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := cr.find()(ctx); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if cr.id == "" {
+		return nil, cr.missingContainerError("get archive %s", srcPath)
+	}
+	result, err := cr.cli.CopyFromContainer(ctx, cr.id, client.CopyFromContainerOptions{SourcePath: srcPath})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return result.Content, nil
 }
 
 func (cr *containerReference) UpdateFromEnv(srcPath string, env *map[string]string) common.Executor {
@@ -177,7 +197,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) UpdateFromImageEnv(env *map[string]string) common.
 
 func (cr *containerReference) Exec(command []string, env map[string]string, user, workdir string) common.Executor {
 	return common.NewPipelineExecutor(
-		common.NewInfoExecutor("%sdocker exec cmd=[%s] user=%s workdir=%s", logPrefix, strings.Join(command, " "), user, workdir),
+		common.NewInfoExecutor("docker exec cmd=[%s] user=%s workdir=%s", strings.Join(command, " "), user, workdir),
 		cr.connect(),
 		cr.find(),
 		cr.exec(command, env, user, workdir),
@@ -222,22 +242,27 @@ func GetDockerClient(ctx context.Context) (cli client.APIClient, err error) {
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		cli, err = client.NewClientWithOpts(
+		cli, err = client.New(
 			client.WithHost(helper.Host),
 			client.WithDialContext(helper.Dialer),
 		)
 	} else {
-		cli, err = client.NewClientWithOpts(client.FromEnv)
+		cli, err = client.New(client.FromEnv)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to docker daemon: %w", err)
 	}
-	cli.NegotiateAPIVersion(ctx)
+	// Best-effort API version negotiation, matching the old client.NegotiateAPIVersion
+	// behaviour. Ping failures here are non-fatal: the connection is exercised again on
+	// the first real call, and the client falls back to the daemon's default API version.
+	if _, err := cli.Ping(ctx, client.PingOptions{NegotiateAPIVersion: true}); err != nil {
+		common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("docker daemon ping during version negotiation failed, continuing: %v", err)
+	}
 
 	return cli, nil
 }
 
-func GetHostInfo(ctx context.Context) (info types.Info, err error) { //nolint:staticcheck // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+func GetHostInfo(ctx context.Context) (info system.Info, err error) {
 	var cli client.APIClient
 	cli, err = GetDockerClient(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -245,12 +270,12 @@ func GetHostInfo(ctx context.Context) (info types.Info, err error) { //nolint:st
 	}
 	defer cli.Close()
 
-	info, err = cli.Info(ctx)
+	result, err := cli.Info(ctx, client.InfoOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
 		return info, err
 	}
 
-	return info, nil
+	return result.Info, nil
 }
 
 // Arch fetches values from docker info and translates architecture to
@@ -302,19 +327,31 @@ func (cr *containerReference) Close() common.Executor {
 	}
 }
 
+// missingContainerError is the shared "container X does not exist" error
+// used by ops that need a live cr.id.
+func (cr *containerReference) missingContainerError(format string, args ...any) error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("container %q does not exist; cannot "+format, append([]any{cr.input.Name}, args...)...)
+}
+
 func (cr *containerReference) find() common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		if cr.id != "" {
-			return nil
+			// Validate cached id; clear only on definitive NotFound so a
+			// transient daemon error doesn't abort cleanup pipelines.
+			_, err := cr.cli.ContainerInspect(ctx, cr.id, client.ContainerInspectOptions{})
+			if !cerrdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
+				return nil
+			}
+			cr.id = ""
 		}
-		containers, err := cr.cli.ContainerList(ctx, types.ContainerListOptions{ //nolint:staticcheck // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+		containers, err := cr.cli.ContainerList(ctx, client.ContainerListOptions{
 			All: true,
 		})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to list containers: %w", err)
 		}
 
-		for _, c := range containers {
+		for _, c := range containers.Items {
 			for _, name := range c.Names {
 				if name[1:] == cr.input.Name {
 					cr.id = c.ID
@@ -323,7 +360,6 @@ func (cr *containerReference) find() common.Executor {
 			}
 		}
 
-		cr.id = ""
 		return nil
 	}
 }
@@ -335,7 +371,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) remove() common.Executor {
 		}
 
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-		err := cr.cli.ContainerRemove(ctx, cr.id, types.ContainerRemoveOptions{ //nolint:staticcheck // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+		_, err := cr.cli.ContainerRemove(ctx, cr.id, client.ContainerRemoveOptions{
 			RemoveVolumes: true,
 			Force:         true,
 		})
@@ -438,15 +474,22 @@ func (cr *containerReference) create(capAdd, capDrop []string) common.Executor {
 			return nil
 		}
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-		isTerminal := term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdout.Fd()))
 		input := cr.input
+		exposedPorts, err := convertPortSet(input.ExposedPorts)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		portBindings, err := convertPortMap(input.PortBindings)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 
 		config := &container.Config{
 			Image:        input.Image,
 			WorkingDir:   input.WorkingDir,
 			Env:          input.Env,
-			ExposedPorts: input.ExposedPorts,
-			Tty:          isTerminal,
+			ExposedPorts: exposedPorts,
+			Tty:          input.AllocatePTY,
 		}
 		// For Gitea, reduce log noise
 		// logger.Debugf("Common container.Config ==> %+v", config)
@@ -470,15 +513,9 @@ func (cr *containerReference) create(capAdd, capDrop []string) common.Executor {
 
 		var platSpecs *specs.Platform
 		if supportsContainerImagePlatform(ctx, cr.cli) && cr.input.Platform != "" {
-			desiredPlatform := strings.SplitN(cr.input.Platform, `/`, 2)
-
-			if len(desiredPlatform) != 2 {
-				return fmt.Errorf("incorrect container platform option '%s'", cr.input.Platform)
-			}
-
-			platSpecs = &specs.Platform{
-				Architecture: desiredPlatform[1],
-				OS:           desiredPlatform[0],
+			platSpecs, err = parsePlatform(cr.input.Platform)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -490,13 +527,13 @@ func (cr *containerReference) create(capAdd, capDrop []string) common.Executor {
 			NetworkMode:  container.NetworkMode(input.NetworkMode),
 			Privileged:   input.Privileged,
 			UsernsMode:   container.UsernsMode(input.UsernsMode),
-			PortBindings: input.PortBindings,
+			PortBindings: portBindings,
 			AutoRemove:   input.AutoRemove,
 		}
 		// For Gitea, reduce log noise
 		// logger.Debugf("Common container.HostConfig ==> %+v", hostConfig)
 
-		config, hostConfig, err := cr.mergeContainerConfigs(ctx, config, hostConfig)
+		config, hostConfig, err = cr.mergeContainerConfigs(ctx, config, hostConfig)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -520,7 +557,13 @@ func (cr *containerReference) create(capAdd, capDrop []string) common.Executor {
 			}
 		}
 
-		resp, err := cr.cli.ContainerCreate(ctx, config, hostConfig, networkingConfig, platSpecs, input.Name)
+		resp, err := cr.cli.ContainerCreate(ctx, client.ContainerCreateOptions{
+			Config:           config,
+			HostConfig:       hostConfig,
+			NetworkingConfig: networkingConfig,
+			Platform:         platSpecs,
+			Name:             input.Name,
+		})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create container: '%w'", err)
 		}
@@ -538,7 +581,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) extractFromImageEnv(env *map[string]string) common
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 
-		inspect, _, err := cr.cli.ImageInspectWithRaw(ctx, cr.input.Image)
+		inspect, err := cr.cli.ImageInspect(ctx, cr.input.Image)
 		if err != nil {
 			logger.Error(err)
 			return fmt.Errorf("inspect image: %w", err)
@@ -573,6 +616,9 @@ func (cr *containerReference) extractFromImageEnv(env *map[string]string) common
 
 func (cr *containerReference) exec(cmd []string, env map[string]string, user, workdir string) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		if cr.id == "" {
+			return cr.missingContainerError("exec %v", cmd)
+		}
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 		// Fix slashes when running on Windows
 		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
@@ -584,7 +630,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) exec(cmd []string, env map[string]string, user, wo
 		}
 
 		logger.Debugf("Exec command '%s'", cmd)
-		isTerminal := term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdout.Fd()))
+		isTerminal := cr.input.AllocatePTY
 		envList := make([]string, 0)
 		for k, v := range env {
 			envList = append(envList, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", k, v))
@@ -602,12 +648,12 @@ func (cr *containerReference) exec(cmd []string, env map[string]string, user, wo
 		}
 		logger.Debugf("Working directory '%s'", wd)
 
-		idResp, err := cr.cli.ContainerExecCreate(ctx, cr.id, types.ExecConfig{
+		idResp, err := cr.cli.ExecCreate(ctx, cr.id, client.ExecCreateOptions{
 			User:         user,
 			Cmd:          cmd,
 			WorkingDir:   wd,
 			Env:          envList,
-			Tty:          isTerminal,
+			TTY:          isTerminal,
 			AttachStderr: true,
 			AttachStdout: true,
 		})
@@ -615,20 +661,20 @@ func (cr *containerReference) exec(cmd []string, env map[string]string, user, wo
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create exec: %w", err)
 		}
 
-		resp, err := cr.cli.ContainerExecAttach(ctx, idResp.ID, types.ExecStartCheck{
-			Tty: isTerminal,
+		resp, err := cr.cli.ExecAttach(ctx, idResp.ID, client.ExecAttachOptions{
+			TTY: isTerminal,
 		})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to attach to exec: %w", err)
 		}
 		defer resp.Close()
 
-		err = cr.waitForCommand(ctx, isTerminal, resp, idResp, user, workdir)
+		err = cr.waitForCommand(ctx, isTerminal, resp.HijackedResponse, idResp, user, workdir)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		inspectResp, err := cr.cli.ContainerExecInspect(ctx, idResp.ID)
+		inspectResp, err := cr.cli.ExecInspect(ctx, idResp.ID, client.ExecInspectOptions{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to inspect exec: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -642,7 +688,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) exec(cmd []string, env map[string]string, user, wo
 
 func (cr *containerReference) tryReadID(opt string, cbk func(id int)) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		idResp, err := cr.cli.ContainerExecCreate(ctx, cr.id, types.ExecConfig{
+		idResp, err := cr.cli.ExecCreate(ctx, cr.id, client.ExecCreateOptions{
 			Cmd:          []string{"id", opt},
 			AttachStdout: true,
 			AttachStderr: true,
@@ -651,7 +697,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) tryReadID(opt string, cbk func(id int)) common.Exe
 			return nil
 		}
 
-		resp, err := cr.cli.ContainerExecAttach(ctx, idResp.ID, types.ExecStartCheck{})
+		resp, err := cr.cli.ExecAttach(ctx, idResp.ID, client.ExecAttachOptions{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil
 		}
@@ -681,7 +727,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) tryReadGID() common.Executor {
 	return cr.tryReadID("-g", func(id int) { cr.GID = id })
 }
 
-func (cr *containerReference) waitForCommand(ctx context.Context, isTerminal bool, resp types.HijackedResponse, _ types.IDResponse, _, _ string) error {
+func (cr *containerReference) waitForCommand(ctx context.Context, isTerminal bool, resp client.HijackedResponse, _ client.ExecCreateResult, _, _ string) error {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 
 	cmdResponse := make(chan error)
@@ -727,6 +773,9 @@ func (cr *containerReference) waitForCommand(ctx context.Context, isTerminal boo
 }
 
 func (cr *containerReference) CopyTarStream(ctx context.Context, destPath string, tarStream io.Reader) error {
+	if cr.id == "" {
+		return cr.missingContainerError("copy to %s", destPath)
+	}
 	// Mkdir
 	buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	tw := tar.NewWriter(buf)
@@ -736,12 +785,18 @@ func (cr *containerReference) CopyTarStream(ctx context.Context, destPath string
 		Typeflag: tar.TypeDir,
 	})
 	tw.Close()
-	err := cr.cli.CopyToContainer(ctx, cr.id, "/", buf, types.CopyToContainerOptions{})
+	_, err := cr.cli.CopyToContainer(ctx, cr.id, client.CopyToContainerOptions{
+		DestinationPath: "/",
+		Content:         buf,
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to mkdir to copy content to container: %w", err)
 	}
 	// Copy Content
-	err = cr.cli.CopyToContainer(ctx, cr.id, destPath, tarStream, types.CopyToContainerOptions{})
+	_, err = cr.cli.CopyToContainer(ctx, cr.id, client.CopyToContainerOptions{
+		DestinationPath: destPath,
+		Content:         tarStream,
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy content to container: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -754,6 +809,9 @@ func (cr *containerReference) CopyTarStream(ctx context.Context, destPath string
 
 func (cr *containerReference) copyDir(dstPath, srcPath string, useGitIgnore bool) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		if cr.id == "" {
+			return cr.missingContainerError("copy directory to %s", dstPath)
+		}
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 		tarFile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "act")
 		if err != nil {
@@ -815,7 +873,10 @@ func (cr *containerReference) copyDir(dstPath, srcPath string, useGitIgnore bool
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to seek tar archive: %w", err)
 		}
-		err = cr.cli.CopyToContainer(ctx, cr.id, "/", tarFile, types.CopyToContainerOptions{})
+		_, err = cr.cli.CopyToContainer(ctx, cr.id, client.CopyToContainerOptions{
+			DestinationPath: "/",
+			Content:         tarFile,
+		})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy content to container: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -825,6 +886,9 @@ func (cr *containerReference) copyDir(dstPath, srcPath string, useGitIgnore bool
 
 func (cr *containerReference) copyContent(dstPath string, files ...*FileEntry) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		if cr.id == "" {
+			return cr.missingContainerError("copy to %s", dstPath)
+		}
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 		var buf bytes.Buffer
 		tw := tar.NewWriter(&buf)
@@ -849,7 +913,10 @@ func (cr *containerReference) copyContent(dstPath string, files ...*FileEntry) c
 		}
 
 		logger.Debugf("Extracting content to '%s'", dstPath)
-		err := cr.cli.CopyToContainer(ctx, cr.id, dstPath, &buf, types.CopyToContainerOptions{})
+		_, err := cr.cli.CopyToContainer(ctx, cr.id, client.CopyToContainerOptions{
+			DestinationPath: dstPath,
+			Content:         &buf,
+		})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy content to container: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -859,7 +926,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) copyContent(dstPath string, files ...*FileEntry) c
 
 func (cr *containerReference) attach() common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		out, err := cr.cli.ContainerAttach(ctx, cr.id, types.ContainerAttachOptions{ //nolint:staticcheck // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+		out, err := cr.cli.ContainerAttach(ctx, cr.id, client.ContainerAttachOptions{
 			Stream: true,
 			Stdout: true,
 			Stderr: true,
@@ -867,7 +934,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) attach() common.Executor {
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to attach to container: %w", err)
 		}
-		isTerminal := term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdout.Fd()))
+		isTerminal := cr.input.AllocatePTY
 
 		var outWriter io.Writer
 		outWriter = cr.input.Stdout
@@ -897,7 +964,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) start() common.Executor {
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 		logger.Debugf("Starting container: %v", cr.id)
 
-		if err := cr.cli.ContainerStart(ctx, cr.id, types.ContainerStartOptions{}); err != nil { //nolint:staticcheck // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+		if _, err := cr.cli.ContainerStart(ctx, cr.id, client.ContainerStartOptions{}); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to start container: %w", err)
 		}
 
@@ -909,14 +976,16 @@ func (cr *containerReference) start() common.Executor {
 func (cr *containerReference) wait() common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-		statusCh, errCh := cr.cli.ContainerWait(ctx, cr.id, container.WaitConditionNotRunning)
+		waitResult := cr.cli.ContainerWait(ctx, cr.id, client.ContainerWaitOptions{
+			Condition: container.WaitConditionNotRunning,
+		})
 		var statusCode int64
 		select {
-		case err := <-errCh:
+		case err := <-waitResult.Error:
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("failed to wait for container: %w", err)
 			}
-		case status := <-statusCh:
+		case status := <-waitResult.Result:
 			statusCode = status.StatusCode
 		}
 
@@ -936,22 +1005,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) sanitizeConfig(ctx context.Context, config *contai
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 
 	if len(cr.input.ValidVolumes) > 0 {
-		globs := make([]glob.Glob, 0, len(cr.input.ValidVolumes))
-		for _, v := range cr.input.ValidVolumes {
-			if g, err := glob.Compile(v); err != nil {
-				logger.Errorf("create glob from %s error: %v", v, err)
-			} else {
-				globs = append(globs, g)
-			}
-		}
-		isValid := func(v string) bool {
-			for _, g := range globs {
-				if g.Match(v) {
-					return true
-				}
-			}
-			return false
-		}
+		matcher := newValidVolumeMatcher(ctx, cr.input.ValidVolumes)
 		// sanitize binds
 		sanitizedBinds := make([]string, 0, len(hostConfig.Binds))
 		for _, bind := range hostConfig.Binds {
@@ -965,7 +1019,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) sanitizeConfig(ctx context.Context, config *contai
 				sanitizedBinds = append(sanitizedBinds, bind)
 				continue
 			}
-			if isValid(parsed.Source) {
+			if matcher.isValid(parsed.Source, mount.Type(parsed.Type)) {
 				sanitizedBinds = append(sanitizedBinds, bind)
 			} else {
 				logger.Warnf("[%s] is not a valid volume, will be ignored", parsed.Source)
@@ -975,7 +1029,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) sanitizeConfig(ctx context.Context, config *contai
 		// sanitize mounts
 		sanitizedMounts := make([]mount.Mount, 0, len(hostConfig.Mounts))
 		for _, mt := range hostConfig.Mounts {
-			if isValid(mt.Source) {
+			if matcher.isValid(mt.Source, mt.Type) {
 				sanitizedMounts = append(sanitizedMounts, mt)
 			} else {
 				logger.Warnf("[%s] is not a valid volume, will be ignored", mt.Source)
@@ -989,3 +1043,129 @@ func (cr *containerReference) sanitizeConfig(ctx context.Context, config *contai
 
 	return config, hostConfig
 }
+
+type validVolumeMatcher struct {
+	allowAll bool
+	named    []glob.Glob
+	host     []glob.Glob
+}
+
+func newValidVolumeMatcher(ctx context.Context, validVolumes []string) validVolumeMatcher {
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+	ret := validVolumeMatcher{
+		named: make([]glob.Glob, 0, len(validVolumes)),
+		host:  make([]glob.Glob, 0, len(validVolumes)),
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range validVolumes {
+		if v == "**" {
+			ret.allowAll = true
+			continue
+		}
+		if !isHostVolumePattern(v) {
+			if g, err := glob.Compile(v); err != nil {
+				logger.Errorf("create glob from %s error: %v", v, err)
+			} else {
+				ret.named = append(ret.named, g)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		normalized, err := normalizeHostVolumePath(v)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Errorf("normalize volume pattern %s error: %v", v, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if g, err := glob.Compile(normalized); err != nil {
+			logger.Errorf("create glob from %s error: %v", normalized, err)
+		} else {
+			ret.host = append(ret.host, g)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ret
+}
+
+func (m validVolumeMatcher) isValid(source string, sourceType mount.Type) bool {
+	if m.allowAll {
+		return true
+	}
+	if isHostVolumeSource(source, sourceType) {
+		normalized, err := normalizeHostVolumePath(source)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		for _, g := range m.host {
+			if g.Match(normalized) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, g := range m.named {
+		if g.Match(source) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func isHostVolumePattern(pattern string) bool {
+	return filepath.IsAbs(pattern) ||
+		strings.HasPrefix(pattern, "."+string(filepath.Separator)) ||
+		strings.HasPrefix(pattern, ".."+string(filepath.Separator)) ||
+		strings.Contains(pattern, "/") ||
+		strings.Contains(pattern, `\`)
+}
+
+func isHostVolumeSource(source string, sourceType mount.Type) bool {
+	if sourceType == mount.TypeBind {
+		return true
+	}
+	if sourceType == mount.TypeVolume {
+		return false
+	}
+	return isHostVolumePattern(source)
+}
+
+func normalizeHostVolumePath(path string) (string, error) {
+	abs, err := filepath.Abs(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return evalSymlinksExistingPrefix(abs)
+}
+
+func evalSymlinksExistingPrefix(path string) (string, error) {
+	resolved, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(path)
+	if err == nil {
+		return filepath.Clean(resolved), nil
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	current := path
+	var missing []string
+	for {
+		_, err := os.Lstat(current)
+		if err == nil {
+			resolved, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(current)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+			for _, name := range slices.Backward(missing) {
+				resolved = filepath.Join(resolved, name)
+			}
+			return filepath.Clean(resolved), nil
+		}
+		if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		parent := filepath.Dir(current)
+		if parent == current {
+			return filepath.Clean(path), nil
+		}
+		missing = append(missing, filepath.Base(current))
+		current = parent
+	}
+}

act/container/docker_run_test.go

@@ -11,15 +11,17 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"net"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	cerrdefs "github.com/containerd/errdefs"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/container"
+	mobyclient "github.com/moby/moby/client"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/mock"
@@ -27,9 +29,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestDocker(t *testing.T) {
+	requireDocker(t)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	client, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer client.Close()
 
 	dockerBuild := NewDockerBuildExecutor(NewDockerBuildExecutorInput{
@@ -67,33 +70,43 @@ func TestDocker(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 type mockDockerClient struct {
-	client.APIClient
+	mobyclient.APIClient
 	mock.Mock
 }
 
-func (m *mockDockerClient) ContainerExecCreate(ctx context.Context, id string, opts types.ExecConfig) (types.IDResponse, error) {
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ExecCreate(ctx context.Context, id string, opts mobyclient.ExecCreateOptions) (mobyclient.ExecCreateResult, error) {
 	args := m.Called(ctx, id, opts)
-	return args.Get(0).(types.IDResponse), args.Error(1)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ExecCreateResult), args.Error(1)
 }
 
-func (m *mockDockerClient) ContainerExecAttach(ctx context.Context, id string, opts types.ExecStartCheck) (types.HijackedResponse, error) {
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ExecAttach(ctx context.Context, id string, opts mobyclient.ExecAttachOptions) (mobyclient.ExecAttachResult, error) {
 	args := m.Called(ctx, id, opts)
-	return args.Get(0).(types.HijackedResponse), args.Error(1)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ExecAttachResult), args.Error(1)
 }
 
-func (m *mockDockerClient) ContainerExecInspect(ctx context.Context, execID string) (types.ContainerExecInspect, error) {
-	args := m.Called(ctx, execID)
-	return args.Get(0).(types.ContainerExecInspect), args.Error(1)
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ExecInspect(ctx context.Context, execID string, opts mobyclient.ExecInspectOptions) (mobyclient.ExecInspectResult, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, execID, opts)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ExecInspectResult), args.Error(1)
 }
 
-func (m *mockDockerClient) ContainerWait(ctx context.Context, containerID string, condition container.WaitCondition) (<-chan container.WaitResponse, <-chan error) {
-	args := m.Called(ctx, containerID, condition)
-	return args.Get(0).(<-chan container.WaitResponse), args.Get(1).(<-chan error)
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ContainerWait(ctx context.Context, containerID string, opts mobyclient.ContainerWaitOptions) mobyclient.ContainerWaitResult {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, containerID, opts)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ContainerWaitResult)
 }
 
-func (m *mockDockerClient) CopyToContainer(ctx context.Context, id, path string, content io.Reader, options types.CopyToContainerOptions) error {
-	args := m.Called(ctx, id, path, content, options)
-	return args.Error(0)
+func (m *mockDockerClient) CopyToContainer(ctx context.Context, id string, options mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions) (mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, id, options)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ContainerInspect(ctx context.Context, id string, opts mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions) (mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, id, opts)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ContainerList(ctx context.Context, opts mobyclient.ContainerListOptions) (mobyclient.ContainerListResult, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, opts)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ContainerListResult), args.Error(1)
 }
 
 type endlessReader struct {
@@ -125,10 +138,12 @@ func TestDockerExecAbort(t *testing.T) {
 	conn.On("Write", mock.AnythingOfType("[]uint8")).Return(1, nil)
 
 	client := &mockDockerClient{}
-	client.On("ContainerExecCreate", ctx, "123", mock.AnythingOfType("types.ExecConfig")).Return(types.IDResponse{ID: "id"}, nil)
-	client.On("ContainerExecAttach", ctx, "id", mock.AnythingOfType("types.ExecStartCheck")).Return(types.HijackedResponse{
-		Conn:   conn,
-		Reader: bufio.NewReader(endlessReader{}),
+	client.On("ExecCreate", ctx, "123", mock.AnythingOfType("client.ExecCreateOptions")).Return(mobyclient.ExecCreateResult{ID: "id"}, nil)
+	client.On("ExecAttach", ctx, "id", mock.AnythingOfType("client.ExecAttachOptions")).Return(mobyclient.ExecAttachResult{
+		HijackedResponse: mobyclient.HijackedResponse{
+			Conn:   conn,
+			Reader: bufio.NewReader(endlessReader{}),
+		},
 	}, nil)
 
 	cr := &containerReference{
@@ -162,12 +177,14 @@ func TestDockerExecFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	conn := &mockConn{}
 
 	client := &mockDockerClient{}
-	client.On("ContainerExecCreate", ctx, "123", mock.AnythingOfType("types.ExecConfig")).Return(types.IDResponse{ID: "id"}, nil)
-	client.On("ContainerExecAttach", ctx, "id", mock.AnythingOfType("types.ExecStartCheck")).Return(types.HijackedResponse{
-		Conn:   conn,
-		Reader: bufio.NewReader(strings.NewReader("output")),
+	client.On("ExecCreate", ctx, "123", mock.AnythingOfType("client.ExecCreateOptions")).Return(mobyclient.ExecCreateResult{ID: "id"}, nil)
+	client.On("ExecAttach", ctx, "id", mock.AnythingOfType("client.ExecAttachOptions")).Return(mobyclient.ExecAttachResult{
+		HijackedResponse: mobyclient.HijackedResponse{
+			Conn:   conn,
+			Reader: bufio.NewReader(strings.NewReader("output")),
+		},
 	}, nil)
-	client.On("ContainerExecInspect", ctx, "id").Return(types.ContainerExecInspect{
+	client.On("ExecInspect", ctx, "id", mobyclient.ExecInspectOptions{}).Return(mobyclient.ExecInspectResult{
 		ExitCode: 1,
 	}, nil)
 
@@ -197,8 +214,11 @@ func TestDockerWaitFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
 
 	client := &mockDockerClient{}
-	client.On("ContainerWait", ctx, "123", container.WaitConditionNotRunning).
-		Return((<-chan container.WaitResponse)(statusCh), (<-chan error)(errCh))
+	client.On("ContainerWait", ctx, "123", mobyclient.ContainerWaitOptions{Condition: container.WaitConditionNotRunning}).
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerWaitResult{
+			Result: (<-chan container.WaitResponse)(statusCh),
+			Error:  (<-chan error)(errCh),
+		})
 
 	cr := &containerReference{
 		id:  "123",
@@ -220,11 +240,13 @@ func TestDockerWaitFailure(t *testing.T) {
 func TestDockerCopyTarStream(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
-	conn := &mockConn{}
-
 	client := &mockDockerClient{}
-	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "123", "/", mock.Anything, mock.AnythingOfType("types.CopyToContainerOptions")).Return(nil)
-	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "123", "/var/run/act", mock.Anything, mock.AnythingOfType("types.CopyToContainerOptions")).Return(nil)
+	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "123", mock.MatchedBy(func(opts mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions) bool {
+		return opts.DestinationPath == "/" && opts.Content != nil
+	})).Return(mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult{}, nil)
+	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "123", mock.MatchedBy(func(opts mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions) bool {
+		return opts.DestinationPath == "/var/run/act" && opts.Content != nil
+	})).Return(mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult{}, nil)
 	cr := &containerReference{
 		id:  "123",
 		cli: client,
@@ -235,20 +257,18 @@ func TestDockerCopyTarStream(t *testing.T) {
 
 	_ = cr.CopyTarStream(ctx, "/var/run/act", &bytes.Buffer{})
 
-	conn.AssertExpectations(t)
 	client.AssertExpectations(t)
 }
 
 func TestDockerCopyTarStreamErrorInCopyFiles(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
-	conn := &mockConn{}
-
 	merr := errors.New("Failure")
 
 	client := &mockDockerClient{}
-	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "123", "/", mock.Anything, mock.AnythingOfType("types.CopyToContainerOptions")).Return(merr)
-	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "123", "/", mock.Anything, mock.AnythingOfType("types.CopyToContainerOptions")).Return(merr)
+	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "123", mock.MatchedBy(func(opts mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions) bool {
+		return opts.DestinationPath == "/" && opts.Content != nil
+	})).Return(mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult{}, merr)
 	cr := &containerReference{
 		id:  "123",
 		cli: client,
@@ -260,20 +280,21 @@ func TestDockerCopyTarStreamErrorInCopyFiles(t *testing.T) {
 	err := cr.CopyTarStream(ctx, "/var/run/act", &bytes.Buffer{})
 	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, merr) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 
-	conn.AssertExpectations(t)
 	client.AssertExpectations(t)
 }
 
 func TestDockerCopyTarStreamErrorInMkdir(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
-	conn := &mockConn{}
-
 	merr := errors.New("Failure")
 
 	client := &mockDockerClient{}
-	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "123", "/", mock.Anything, mock.AnythingOfType("types.CopyToContainerOptions")).Return(nil)
-	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "123", "/var/run/act", mock.Anything, mock.AnythingOfType("types.CopyToContainerOptions")).Return(merr)
+	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "123", mock.MatchedBy(func(opts mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions) bool {
+		return opts.DestinationPath == "/" && opts.Content != nil
+	})).Return(mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult{}, nil)
+	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "123", mock.MatchedBy(func(opts mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions) bool {
+		return opts.DestinationPath == "/var/run/act" && opts.Content != nil
+	})).Return(mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult{}, merr)
 	cr := &containerReference{
 		id:  "123",
 		cli: client,
@@ -285,10 +306,137 @@ func TestDockerCopyTarStreamErrorInMkdir(t *testing.T) {
 	err := cr.CopyTarStream(ctx, "/var/run/act", &bytes.Buffer{})
 	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, merr) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 
-	conn.AssertExpectations(t)
 	client.AssertExpectations(t)
 }
 
+// find() must drop a stale cached id so later Copy/Exec don't hit the
+// daemon with a torn-down container.
+func TestFindRevalidatesStaleID(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	notFound := cerrdefs.ErrNotFound.WithMessage("No such container")
+	boom := errors.New("daemon unreachable")
+	newCR := func(id string) (*containerReference, *mockDockerClient) {
+		client := &mockDockerClient{}
+		return &containerReference{id: id, cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{Name: "job-1"}}, client
+	}
+	listOpts := mobyclient.ContainerListOptions{All: true}
+	inspectOpts := mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}
+
+	t.Run("stale id cleared, name lookup empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cr, client := newCR("stale")
+		client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "stale", inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, notFound)
+		client.On("ContainerList", ctx, listOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, cr.find()(ctx))
+		assert.Empty(t, cr.id)
+		client.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("stale id cleared, name lookup repopulates", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cr, client := newCR("stale")
+		client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "stale", inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, notFound)
+		client.On("ContainerList", ctx, listOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{Items: []container.Summary{
+			{ID: "other", Names: []string{"/somebody-else"}},
+			{ID: "fresh", Names: []string{"/job-1"}},
+		}}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, cr.find()(ctx))
+		assert.Equal(t, "fresh", cr.id)
+		client.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("live id kept", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cr, client := newCR("live")
+		client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "live", inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, cr.find()(ctx))
+		assert.Equal(t, "live", cr.id)
+		client.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("transient inspect error trusts cache", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cr, client := newCR("live")
+		client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "live", inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, boom)
+		require.NoError(t, cr.find()(ctx))
+		assert.Equal(t, "live", cr.id)
+		client.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("list error propagates", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cr, client := newCR("")
+		client.On("ContainerList", ctx, listOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{}, boom)
+		require.ErrorIs(t, cr.find()(ctx), boom)
+		client.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+}
+
+// Every daemon entry point fails fast with a clear, container-named
+// error when no live cr.id is known.
+func TestRejectsMissingContainer(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	client := &mockDockerClient{}
+	client.On("ContainerList", ctx, mobyclient.ContainerListOptions{All: true}).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{}, nil)
+	cr := &containerReference{cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{Name: "job-1"}}
+	check := func(op string, err error) {
+		t.Helper()
+		require.Error(t, err, op)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), `container "job-1" does not exist`, op)
+	}
+	check("copyContent", cr.copyContent("/var/run/act", &FileEntry{Name: "x", Mode: 0o644})(ctx))
+	check("copyDir", cr.copyDir("/var/run/act", "/src", false)(ctx))
+	check("CopyTarStream", cr.CopyTarStream(ctx, "/var/run/act", &bytes.Buffer{}))
+	check("exec", cr.exec([]string{"echo"}, nil, "", "")(ctx))
+	_, err := cr.GetContainerArchive(ctx, "/var/run/act/x")
+	check("GetContainerArchive", err)
+}
+
+// End-to-end: a stale cr.id is cleared, repopulated from name lookup,
+// and the Copy completes against the fresh id.
+func TestPublicCopyPipelineHandlesStaleID(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	client := &mockDockerClient{}
+	client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "stale", mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}).
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, cerrdefs.ErrNotFound.WithMessage("gone"))
+	client.On("ContainerList", ctx, mobyclient.ContainerListOptions{All: true}).
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{Items: []container.Summary{
+			{ID: "fresh", Names: []string{"/job-1"}},
+		}}, nil)
+	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "fresh", mock.MatchedBy(func(opts mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions) bool {
+		return opts.DestinationPath == "/var/run/act"
+	})).Return(mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult{}, nil)
+
+	cr := &containerReference{id: "stale", cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{Name: "job-1"}}
+	require.NoError(t, cr.Copy("/var/run/act", &FileEntry{Name: "x", Mode: 0o644})(ctx))
+	assert.Equal(t, "fresh", cr.id)
+	client.AssertExpectations(t)
+}
+
+// TestDockerCopyToSymlinkPath is a regression test for gitea/runner#981. Most base images
+// symlink /var/run to /run, so copying into /var/run/act traverses that symlink. The broken
+// docker 29.5.1 daemon fails the extraction with "mkdirat var/run: file exists" (fixed in
+// 29.5.2). Running against the daemon shipped in the dind image, this catches a bad bump.
+func TestDockerCopyToSymlinkPath(t *testing.T) {
+	requireDocker(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	rc := NewContainer(&NewContainerInput{
+		Image:      "alpine:latest",
+		Entrypoint: []string{"sleep", "30"},
+		Name:       "act-test-symlink-" + time.Now().Format("20060102150405.000000"),
+		AutoRemove: true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, rc.Pull(false)(ctx))
+	require.NoError(t, rc.Create(nil, nil)(ctx))
+	require.NoError(t, rc.Start(false)(ctx))
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = rc.Remove()(ctx)
+		_ = rc.Close()(ctx)
+	})
+
+	// CopyTarStream first creates the destination directory by extracting a tar at "/",
+	// which makes the daemon mkdir var, then var/run (the symlink), then act — the exact
+	// step that fails on the broken daemon.
+	err := rc.CopyTarStream(ctx, "/var/run/act", &bytes.Buffer{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
 // Type assert containerReference implements ExecutionsEnvironment
 var _ ExecutionsEnvironment = &containerReference{}
 
@@ -364,3 +512,40 @@ func TestCheckVolumes(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestCheckVolumesRejectsEscapingHostPaths(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, _ := test.NewNullLogger()
+	ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger)
+
+	base := t.TempDir()
+	allowed := filepath.Join(base, "allowed")
+	denied := filepath.Join(base, "denied")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(allowed, 0o700))
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(denied, 0o700))
+
+	cr := &containerReference{
+		input: &NewContainerInput{
+			ValidVolumes: []string{filepath.Join(allowed, "**")},
+		},
+	}
+
+	escapingPath := allowed + string(filepath.Separator) + ".." + string(filepath.Separator) + "denied"
+	_, hostConf := cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+		Binds: []string{escapingPath + ":/mnt"},
+	})
+	assert.Empty(t, hostConf.Binds)
+
+	linkPath := filepath.Join(allowed, "link")
+	if err := os.Symlink(denied, linkPath); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("cannot create symlink: %v", err)
+	}
+	_, hostConf = cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+		Binds: []string{linkPath + ":/mnt"},
+	})
+	assert.Empty(t, hostConf.Binds)
+
+	_, hostConf = cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+		Binds: []string{filepath.Join(linkPath, "missing") + ":/mnt"},
+	})
+	assert.Empty(t, hostConf.Binds)
+}

act/container/docker_socket_test.go

@@ -18,9 +18,19 @@ func init() {
 
 var originalCommonSocketLocations = CommonSocketLocations
 
+func isolateSocketEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { CommonSocketLocations = originalCommonSocketLocations })
+	if host, ok := os.LookupEnv("DOCKER_HOST"); ok {
+		t.Setenv("DOCKER_HOST", host)
+	} else {
+		t.Cleanup(func() { os.Unsetenv("DOCKER_HOST") })
+	}
+}
+
 func TestGetSocketAndHostWithSocket(t *testing.T) {
 	// Arrange
-	CommonSocketLocations = originalCommonSocketLocations
+	isolateSocketEnv(t)
 	dockerHost := "unix:///my/docker/host.sock"
 	socketURI := "/path/to/my.socket"
 	t.Setenv("DOCKER_HOST", dockerHost)
@@ -48,9 +58,9 @@ func TestGetSocketAndHostNoSocket(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestGetSocketAndHostOnlySocket(t *testing.T) {
 	// Arrange
+	isolateSocketEnv(t)
 	socketURI := "/path/to/my.socket"
 	os.Unsetenv("DOCKER_HOST")
-	CommonSocketLocations = originalCommonSocketLocations
 	defaultSocket, defaultSocketFound := socketLocation()
 
 	// Act
@@ -65,7 +75,7 @@ func TestGetSocketAndHostOnlySocket(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestGetSocketAndHostDontMount(t *testing.T) {
 	// Arrange
-	CommonSocketLocations = originalCommonSocketLocations
+	isolateSocketEnv(t)
 	dockerHost := "unix:///my/docker/host.sock"
 	t.Setenv("DOCKER_HOST", dockerHost)
 
@@ -79,7 +89,7 @@ func TestGetSocketAndHostDontMount(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestGetSocketAndHostNoHostNoSocket(t *testing.T) {
 	// Arrange
-	CommonSocketLocations = originalCommonSocketLocations
+	isolateSocketEnv(t)
 	os.Unsetenv("DOCKER_HOST")
 	defaultSocket, found := socketLocation()
 
@@ -97,6 +107,7 @@ func TestGetSocketAndHostNoHostNoSocket(t *testing.T) {
 // > This happens if neither DOCKER_HOST nor --container-daemon-socket has a value, but socketLocation() returns a URI
 func TestGetSocketAndHostNoHostNoSocketDefaultLocation(t *testing.T) {
 	// Arrange
+	isolateSocketEnv(t)
 	mySocketFile, tmpErr := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), "act-*.sock")
 	mySocket := mySocketFile.Name()
 	unixSocket := "unix://" + mySocket
@@ -119,6 +130,7 @@ func TestGetSocketAndHostNoHostNoSocketDefaultLocation(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestGetSocketAndHostNoHostInvalidSocket(t *testing.T) {
 	// Arrange
+	isolateSocketEnv(t)
 	os.Unsetenv("DOCKER_HOST")
 	mySocket := "/my/socket/path.sock"
 	CommonSocketLocations = []string{"/unusual", "/socket", "/location"}
@@ -136,6 +148,7 @@ func TestGetSocketAndHostNoHostInvalidSocket(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestGetSocketAndHostOnlySocketValidButUnusualLocation(t *testing.T) {
 	// Arrange
+	isolateSocketEnv(t)
 	socketURI := "unix:///path/to/my.socket"
 	CommonSocketLocations = []string{"/unusual", "/location"}
 	os.Unsetenv("DOCKER_HOST")

act/container/docker_stub.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/system"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ func RunnerArch(ctx context.Context) string {
 	return runtime.GOOS
 }
 
-func GetHostInfo(ctx context.Context) (info types.Info, err error) {
-	return types.Info{}, nil
+func GetHostInfo(ctx context.Context) (info system.Info, err error) {
+	return system.Info{}, nil
 }
 
 func NewDockerVolumeRemoveExecutor(volume string, force bool) common.Executor {

act/container/docker_volume.go

@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@ import (
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/volume"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/client"
 )
 
 func NewDockerVolumeRemoveExecutor(volumeName string, force bool) common.Executor {
@@ -23,12 +22,12 @@ func NewDockerVolumeRemoveExecutor(volumeName string, force bool) common.Executo
 		}
 		defer cli.Close()
 
-		list, err := cli.VolumeList(ctx, volume.ListOptions{Filters: filters.NewArgs()})
+		list, err := cli.VolumeList(ctx, client.VolumeListOptions{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		for _, vol := range list.Volumes {
+		for _, vol := range list.Items {
 			if vol.Name == volumeName {
 				return removeExecutor(volumeName, force)(ctx)
 			}
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ func NewDockerVolumeRemoveExecutor(volumeName string, force bool) common.Executo
 func removeExecutor(volume string, force bool) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-		logger.Debugf("%sdocker volume rm %s", logPrefix, volume)
+		logger.Debugf("docker volume rm %s", volume)
 
 		if common.Dryrun(ctx) {
 			return nil
@@ -54,6 +53,7 @@ func removeExecutor(volume string, force bool) common.Executor {
 		}
 		defer cli.Close()
 
-		return cli.VolumeRemove(ctx, volume, force)
+		_, err = cli.VolumeRemove(ctx, volume, client.VolumeRemoveOptions{Force: force})
+		return err
 	}
 }

act/container/helpers_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	mobyclient "github.com/moby/moby/client"
+)
+
+// requireDocker skips the test unless a reachable docker daemon is available.
+// GetDockerClient succeeds even without a running daemon (its ping is best-effort),
+// so the daemon has to be pinged explicitly here to decide whether to skip.
+func requireDocker(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	cli, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("skipping: docker client unavailable: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer cli.Close()
+	if _, err := cli.Ping(ctx, mobyclient.PingOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("skipping: docker daemon unreachable: %v", err)
+	}
+}

act/container/host_environment.go

@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@ import (
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
@@ -36,15 +35,13 @@ type HostEnvironment struct {
 	TmpDir    string
 	ToolCache string
 	Workdir   string
-	// BindWorkdir is true when the app runner mounts the workspace on the host and
-	// deletes the task directory after the job; host teardown must not remove Workdir.
-	BindWorkdir bool
-	ActPath     string
-	CleanUp     func()
-	StdOut      io.Writer
-
-	mu          sync.Mutex
-	runningPIDs map[int]struct{}
+	// CleanWorkdir means teardown owns Workdir and may delete it. Leave false
+	// when Workdir points at a caller-owned checkout (e.g. `act` local mode).
+	CleanWorkdir bool
+	ActPath      string
+	CleanUp      func()
+	StdOut       io.Writer
+	AllocatePTY  bool // allocate a pseudo-TTY for each step's process
 }
 
 func (e *HostEnvironment) Create(_, _ []string) common.Executor {
@@ -200,12 +197,12 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) Start(_ bool) common.Executor {
 
 type ptyWriter struct {
 	Out       io.Writer
-	AutoStop  bool
+	AutoStop  atomic.Bool
 	dirtyLine bool
 }
 
 func (w *ptyWriter) Write(buf []byte) (int, error) {
-	if w.AutoStop && len(buf) > 0 && buf[len(buf)-1] == 4 {
+	if w.AutoStop.Load() && len(buf) > 0 && buf[len(buf)-1] == 4 {
 		n, err := w.Out.Write(buf[:len(buf)-1])
 		if err != nil {
 			return n, err
@@ -325,6 +322,30 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) exec(ctx context.Context, command []string, cmdline st
 	cmd.Stderr = e.StdOut
 	cmd.Dir = wd
 	cmd.SysProcAttr = getSysProcAttr(cmdline, false)
+
+	// On Windows a step often launches a process tree (a shell that starts a
+	// child which spawns further GUI or background processes). The default
+	// context cancellation only kills the direct child, leaving the rest of the
+	// tree running; and because the orphans inherit cmd's stdout/stderr pipe,
+	// cmd.Wait() would block forever, hanging the runner. Kill the whole tree
+	// via a Job Object on cancellation, and bound the wait so a leftover pipe
+	// writer can never hang Wait indefinitely.
+	var killer atomic.Pointer[processKiller]
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		cmd.Cancel = func() error {
+			if k := killer.Load(); k != nil {
+				return k.Kill()
+			}
+			if cmd.Process != nil {
+				return cmd.Process.Kill()
+			}
+			return nil
+		}
+		// Once the step process has exited, give its I/O pipes at most this long
+		// to drain before Wait force-closes them and returns (Go's WaitDelay).
+		cmd.WaitDelay = 10 * time.Second
+	}
+
 	var ppty *os.File
 	var tty *os.File
 	defer func() {
@@ -335,40 +356,36 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) exec(ctx context.Context, command []string, cmdline st
 			tty.Close()
 		}
 	}()
-	if true /* allocate Terminal */ {
+	if e.AllocatePTY {
 		var err error
 		ppty, tty, err = setupPty(cmd, cmdline)
 		if err != nil {
 			common.Logger(ctx).Debugf("Failed to setup Pty %v\n", err.Error())
 		}
 	}
-	writer := &ptyWriter{Out: e.StdOut}
-	logctx, finishLog := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	var writer *ptyWriter
+	var logctx context.Context
 	if ppty != nil {
+		writer = &ptyWriter{Out: e.StdOut}
+		var finishLog context.CancelFunc
+		logctx, finishLog = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 		go copyPtyOutput(writer, ppty, finishLog)
-	} else {
-		finishLog()
-	}
-	if ppty != nil {
 		go writeKeepAlive(ppty)
 	}
-	// Split Start/Wait so the PID can be registered before the process can exit;
-	// cmd.Run() would block until exit, by which time the PID may have been reused.
 	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if cmd.Process != nil {
-		e.mu.Lock()
-		if e.runningPIDs == nil {
-			e.runningPIDs = map[int]struct{}{}
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		// Assign the started process to a Job Object so cmd.Cancel can kill the
+		// whole descendant tree. Children spawned afterwards are auto-included.
+		// On failure (e.g. nested-job restrictions) we fall back to the default
+		// single-process kill; WaitDelay + end-of-job cleanup still apply.
+		if k, kerr := newProcessKiller(cmd.Process); kerr != nil {
+			common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("process tree kill setup failed, falling back to single-process kill: %v", kerr)
+		} else {
+			killer.Store(k)
+			defer k.Close()
 		}
-		e.runningPIDs[cmd.Process.Pid] = struct{}{}
-		e.mu.Unlock()
-		defer func(pid int) {
-			e.mu.Lock()
-			delete(e.runningPIDs, pid)
-			e.mu.Unlock()
-		}(cmd.Process.Pid)
 	}
 	err = cmd.Wait()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -379,14 +396,11 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) exec(ctx context.Context, command []string, cmdline st
 		return err
 	}
 	if tty != nil {
-		writer.AutoStop = true
+		writer.AutoStop.Store(true)
 		if _, err := tty.WriteString("\x04"); err != nil {
 			common.Logger(ctx).Debug("Failed to write EOT")
 		}
-	}
-	<-logctx.Done()
-
-	if ppty != nil {
+		<-logctx.Done()
 		ppty.Close()
 		ppty = nil
 	}
@@ -442,30 +456,80 @@ func removePathWithRetry(ctx context.Context, path string) error {
 	return lastErr
 }
 
+// buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript builds a PowerShell command that `taskkill
+// /T /F`s every process tree whose ExecutablePath or CommandLine references one
+// of the given absolute workspace dirs, releasing file handles for cleanup.
+//
+// Win32_Process is used because it exposes both ExecutablePath and CommandLine
+// (Get-Process doesn't, wmic is deprecated). Both match the dir+separator
+// prefix, so a sibling dir sharing a name prefix (job1 vs job10) is spared.
+// Ordinal String methods, not -like, so path metacharacters ([ ] ? *) stay
+// literal.
+//
+// Pure function so the quote-escaping can be unit-tested without PowerShell.
+func buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript(dirs []string) string {
+	quoted := make([]string, len(dirs))
+	for i, d := range dirs {
+		// Single-quoted PowerShell literal; escape ' by doubling it.
+		quoted[i] = "'" + strings.ReplaceAll(d, "'", "''") + "'"
+	}
+
+	return `$paths = @(` + strings.Join(quoted, ",") + `)
+$selfPid = $PID
+Get-CimInstance Win32_Process -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Where-Object {
+    if ($_.ProcessId -eq $selfPid) { return $false }
+    foreach ($p in $paths) {
+        $prefix = $p + '\'
+        if ($_.ExecutablePath -and $_.ExecutablePath.StartsWith($prefix, [System.StringComparison]::OrdinalIgnoreCase)) { return $true }
+        if ($_.CommandLine -and $_.CommandLine.IndexOf($prefix, [System.StringComparison]::OrdinalIgnoreCase) -ge 0) { return $true }
+    }
+    return $false
+} | ForEach-Object {
+    & taskkill.exe /PID $_.ProcessId /T /F 2>$null | Out-Null
+}
+`
+}
+
 func (e *HostEnvironment) terminateRunningProcesses(ctx context.Context) {
 	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
 		return
 	}
-	e.mu.Lock()
-	pids := make([]int, 0, len(e.runningPIDs))
-	for pid := range e.runningPIDs {
-		pids = append(pids, pid)
-	}
-	e.mu.Unlock()
 
-	if len(pids) == 0 {
+	// Detached: exec.CommandContext won't start on a cancelled ctx, and a
+	// server cancel has already cancelled the parent ctx.
+	killCtx, killCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+	defer killCancel()
+
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+
+	// Workspace dirs we own. Any process running from or referencing one is a
+	// leftover job process. ToolCache is shared across jobs; Workdir only when
+	// we own it (else it's a caller-provided checkout, e.g. act local mode).
+	owned := []string{e.Path, e.TmpDir}
+	if e.CleanWorkdir {
+		owned = append(owned, e.Workdir)
+	}
+	dirs := make([]string, 0, len(owned))
+	for _, d := range owned {
+		if d == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		abs, err := filepath.Abs(d)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		dirs = append(dirs, abs)
+	}
+	if len(dirs) == 0 {
 		return
 	}
 
-	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-	for _, pid := range pids {
-		// Best-effort: forcibly terminate process tree to release file handles
-		// so that workspace cleanup can succeed on Windows.
-		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "taskkill", "/PID", strconv.Itoa(pid), "/T", "/F")
-		out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
-		if err != nil {
-			logger.Debugf("taskkill failed for pid=%d: %v output=%s", pid, err, strings.TrimSpace(string(out)))
-		}
+	script := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript(dirs)
+
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(killCtx, "powershell.exe", "-NoProfile", "-NonInteractive", "-Command", script)
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Debugf("workspace process-tree kill via PowerShell failed: %v output=%s", err, strings.TrimSpace(string(out)))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -479,14 +543,20 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) Remove() common.Executor {
 		if e.CleanUp != nil {
 			e.CleanUp()
 		}
+
+		// Detach: a cancelled ctx would skip removePathWithRetry's retries,
+		// which absorb Windows file-handle release lag after the kill above.
+		rmCtx, rmCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+		defer rmCancel()
+
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 		var errs []error
-		if err := removePathWithRetry(ctx, e.Path); err != nil {
+		if err := removePathWithRetry(rmCtx, e.Path); err != nil {
 			logger.Warnf("failed to remove host misc state %s: %v", e.Path, err)
 			errs = append(errs, err)
 		}
-		if !e.BindWorkdir && e.Workdir != "" {
-			if err := removePathWithRetry(ctx, e.Workdir); err != nil {
+		if e.CleanWorkdir {
+			if err := removePathWithRetry(rmCtx, e.Workdir); err != nil {
 				logger.Warnf("failed to remove host workspace %s: %v", e.Workdir, err)
 				errs = append(errs, err)
 			}

act/container/host_environment_test.go

@@ -6,12 +6,14 @@ package container
 
 import (
 	"archive/tar"
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
@@ -100,7 +102,46 @@ func TestHostEnvironmentExecExitCode(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "Process completed with exit code 3.", err.Error())
 }
 
-func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveCleansWorkdir(t *testing.T) {
+func TestHostEnvironmentAllocatePTY(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("uses POSIX shell")
+	}
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name     string
+		allocPTY bool
+		expect   string
+	}{
+		{name: "off", allocPTY: false, expect: "NOTTY"},
+		{name: "on", allocPTY: true, expect: "TTY"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			dir := t.TempDir()
+			buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+			e := &HostEnvironment{
+				Path:        filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
+				TmpDir:      filepath.Join(dir, "tmp"),
+				ToolCache:   filepath.Join(dir, "tool_cache"),
+				ActPath:     filepath.Join(dir, "act_path"),
+				StdOut:      buf,
+				Workdir:     filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
+				AllocatePTY: tc.allocPTY,
+			}
+			for _, p := range []string{e.Path, e.TmpDir, e.ToolCache, e.ActPath} {
+				require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(p, 0o700))
+			}
+
+			err := e.Exec(
+				[]string{"sh", "-c", "[ -t 1 ] && printf TTY || printf NOTTY"},
+				map[string]string{"PATH": os.Getenv("PATH")}, "", "",
+			)(context.Background())
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			got := strings.TrimSpace(strings.ReplaceAll(buf.String(), "\r", ""))
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expect, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHostEnvironmentRemovePreservesWorkdirByDefault(t *testing.T) {
 	logger := logrus.New()
 	ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logrus.NewEntry(logger))
 	base := t.TempDir()
@@ -111,9 +152,8 @@ func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveCleansWorkdir(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(workdir, 0o700))
 
 	e := &HostEnvironment{
-		Path:        path,
-		Workdir:     workdir,
-		BindWorkdir: false,
+		Path:    path,
+		Workdir: workdir,
 		CleanUp: func() {
 			_ = os.RemoveAll(miscRoot)
 		},
@@ -121,10 +161,10 @@ func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveCleansWorkdir(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	require.NoError(t, e.Remove()(ctx))
 	_, err := os.Stat(workdir)
-	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, os.ErrNotExist)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 }
 
-func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveSkipsWorkdirWhenBindWorkdir(t *testing.T) {
+func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveCleansWorkdirWhenOwned(t *testing.T) {
 	logger := logrus.New()
 	ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logrus.NewEntry(logger))
 	base := t.TempDir()
@@ -135,9 +175,9 @@ func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveSkipsWorkdirWhenBindWorkdir(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(workdir, 0o700))
 
 	e := &HostEnvironment{
-		Path:        path,
-		Workdir:     workdir,
-		BindWorkdir: true,
+		Path:         path,
+		Workdir:      workdir,
+		CleanWorkdir: true,
 		CleanUp: func() {
 			_ = os.RemoveAll(miscRoot)
 		},
@@ -145,5 +185,66 @@ func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveSkipsWorkdirWhenBindWorkdir(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	require.NoError(t, e.Remove()(ctx))
 	_, err := os.Stat(workdir)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, os.ErrNotExist)
+}
+
+func TestBuildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("single dir", func(t *testing.T) {
+		s := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript([]string{`C:\workspace\job1`})
+		assert.Contains(t, s, `$paths = @('C:\workspace\job1')`)
+		// Self-PID guard is essential — without it the script could taskkill
+		// the PowerShell process running it.
+		assert.Contains(t, s, "$selfPid = $PID")
+		assert.Contains(t, s, "$_.ProcessId -eq $selfPid")
+		// Must match both ExecutablePath (binaries from the workspace) and
+		// CommandLine (system binaries invoked with workspace paths in args),
+		// both bounded by dir+separator so a name-prefix sibling is spared.
+		assert.Contains(t, s, `$prefix = $p + '\'`)
+		assert.Contains(t, s, "$_.ExecutablePath.StartsWith($prefix")
+		assert.Contains(t, s, "$_.CommandLine.IndexOf($prefix")
+		// Each matched PID must be tree-killed, not just stopped.
+		assert.Contains(t, s, "taskkill.exe /PID $_.ProcessId /T /F")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("multiple dirs comma-separated", func(t *testing.T) {
+		s := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript([]string{
+			`C:\work\path`,
+			`C:\work\workdir`,
+			`C:\Users\runner\AppData\Local\Temp\job-42`,
+		})
+		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\path'`)
+		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\workdir'`)
+		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\Users\runner\AppData\Local\Temp\job-42'`)
+		// Commas between entries — no trailing comma, no leading comma.
+		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\path','C:\work\workdir',`)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("path with single quote is escaped", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// In PowerShell single-quoted strings the only special char is the
+		// quote itself, escaped by doubling. A workspace path that ever
+		// contained `'` would inject a command into the script otherwise.
+		s := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript([]string{`C:\work\it's\path`})
+		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\it''s\path'`)
+		// And it must NOT appear unescaped — otherwise the quote would
+		// terminate the literal early.
+		assert.NotContains(t, s, `'C:\work\it's\path'`)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("path with wildcard metacharacters is matched literally", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// A path containing [ ] ? * must be embedded verbatim and matched with
+		// ordinal String methods, not -like, otherwise the metacharacters would
+		// be interpreted as wildcards and the leftover process could escape.
+		s := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript([]string{`C:\work\[job]?1`})
+		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\[job]?1'`)
+		assert.NotContains(t, s, "-like")
+		assert.Contains(t, s, "StartsWith")
+		assert.Contains(t, s, "IndexOf")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty dir list still produces a valid script", func(t *testing.T) {
+		s := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript(nil)
+		// Empty array literal — script runs, matches nothing, is a no-op.
+		assert.Contains(t, s, "$paths = @()")
+		assert.Contains(t, s, "Get-CimInstance Win32_Process")
+	})
 }

act/container/parse_env_file.go

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ func parseEnvFile(e Container, srcPath string, env *map[string]string) common.Ex
 			return err
 		}
 		s := bufio.NewScanner(reader)
+		// Default 64 KiB max token size is too small for realistic env-file lines; allow up to 16 MiB.
+		s.Buffer(make([]byte, 0, 64*1024), 16*1024*1024)
 		for s.Scan() {
 			line := s.Text()
 			singleLineEnv := strings.Index(line, "=")
@@ -50,6 +52,9 @@ func parseEnvFile(e Container, srcPath string, env *map[string]string) common.Ex
 					}
 					multiLineEnvContent += content
 				}
+				if err := s.Err(); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("reading env file: %w", err)
+				}
 				if !delimiterFound {
 					return fmt.Errorf("invalid format delimiter '%v' not found before end of file", multiLineEnvDelimiter)
 				}
@@ -58,6 +63,9 @@ func parseEnvFile(e Container, srcPath string, env *map[string]string) common.Ex
 				return fmt.Errorf("invalid format '%v', expected a line with '=' or '<<'", line)
 			}
 		}
+		if err := s.Err(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("reading env file: %w", err)
+		}
 		env = &localEnv
 		return nil
 	}

act/container/parse_env_file_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func newTestHostEnv(t *testing.T) (*HostEnvironment, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	e := &HostEnvironment{Path: t.TempDir()}
+	return e, filepath.Join(e.Path, "envfile")
+}
+
+func TestParseEnvFileSingleLine(t *testing.T) {
+	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("FOO=bar\nBAZ=qux\n"), 0o600))
+
+	env := map[string]string{}
+	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background()))
+	assert.Equal(t, "bar", env["FOO"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "qux", env["BAZ"])
+}
+
+func TestParseEnvFileMultiLine(t *testing.T) {
+	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+	content := "FOO<<EOF\nline1\nline2\nEOF\n"
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte(content), 0o600))
+
+	env := map[string]string{}
+	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background()))
+	assert.Equal(t, "line1\nline2", env["FOO"])
+}
+
+func TestParseEnvFileLargeValueWithinLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+	big := strings.Repeat("x", 2*1024*1024)
+	content := "FOO<<EOF\n" + big + "\nEOF\n"
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte(content), 0o600))
+
+	env := map[string]string{}
+	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background()))
+	assert.Equal(t, big, env["FOO"])
+}
+
+func TestParseEnvFileLineExceedsBufferReportsScannerError(t *testing.T) {
+	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+	tooBig := strings.Repeat("x", 17*1024*1024) // over the 16 MiB cap
+	content := "FOO<<EOF\n" + tooBig + "\nEOF\n"
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte(content), 0o600))
+
+	env := map[string]string{}
+	err := parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background())
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, bufio.ErrTooLong)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "reading env file")
+}
+
+func TestParseEnvFileMissingDelimiter(t *testing.T) {
+	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("FOO<<EOF\nline1\nline2\n"), 0o600))
+
+	env := map[string]string{}
+	err := parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background())
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "delimiter")
+}

act/container/process_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !windows
+
+package container
+
+import "os"
+
+// processKiller is a no-op on non-Windows platforms. The Job Object based
+// tree-kill is only wired in on Windows (see exec()); elsewhere the default
+// exec.CommandContext cancellation and Setpgid handling apply.
+type processKiller struct{}
+
+func newProcessKiller(_ *os.Process) (*processKiller, error) { return &processKiller{}, nil }
+
+func (k *processKiller) Kill() error { return nil }
+
+func (k *processKiller) Close() error { return nil }

act/container/process_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"os"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+// processKiller terminates a step process together with its entire descendant
+// tree via a Windows Job Object.
+//
+// Background: a step often launches a process tree (a shell that starts a
+// child which in turn spawns further GUI or background processes). The default
+// exec.CommandContext cancellation only kills the direct child, so cancelling a
+// job left the rest of the tree running. Because those orphans inherited the
+// step's stdout/stderr pipe, cmd.Wait() also blocked forever and the runner hung.
+//
+// Assigning the step process to a Job Object lets us kill the whole tree
+// atomically on cancellation (TerminateJobObject), which also closes the
+// inherited pipe handles so cmd.Wait() can return.
+type processKiller struct {
+	job windows.Handle
+}
+
+// newProcessKiller creates a Job Object and assigns p (an already-started
+// process) to it. Children spawned by p afterwards are automatically part of
+// the job. The job does NOT use JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE, so closing
+// the handle on normal completion does not kill legitimate background
+// processes; the tree is only torn down by an explicit Kill (cancellation).
+func newProcessKiller(p *os.Process) (*processKiller, error) {
+	job, err := windows.CreateJobObject(nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	h, err := windows.OpenProcess(windows.PROCESS_SET_QUOTA|windows.PROCESS_TERMINATE, false, uint32(p.Pid))
+	if err != nil {
+		windows.CloseHandle(job)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer windows.CloseHandle(h)
+
+	if err := windows.AssignProcessToJobObject(job, h); err != nil {
+		windows.CloseHandle(job)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &processKiller{job: job}, nil
+}
+
+// Kill terminates every process currently assigned to the job (the step process
+// and all of its descendants).
+func (k *processKiller) Kill() error {
+	if k == nil || k.job == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return windows.TerminateJobObject(k.job, 1)
+}
+
+// Close releases the job handle. It does not terminate the processes.
+func (k *processKiller) Close() error {
+	if k == nil || k.job == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	h := k.job
+	k.job = 0
+	return windows.CloseHandle(h)
+}

act/container/process_windows_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+// processAlive reports whether pid refers to a still-running process.
+func processAlive(pid int) bool {
+	h, err := windows.OpenProcess(windows.PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, false, uint32(pid))
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	defer windows.CloseHandle(h)
+	var code uint32
+	if err := windows.GetExitCodeProcess(h, &code); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	const stillActive = 259 // STILL_ACTIVE
+	return code == stillActive
+}
+
+// TestProcessKillerKillsTree verifies that a process assigned to the Job Object
+// is terminated together with a child it spawns afterwards. This mirrors a step
+// that launches a child which spawns further processes, where cancelling the
+// job must take down the whole tree, not just the direct child.
+func TestProcessKillerKillsTree(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	pidFile := filepath.Join(dir, "child.pid")
+
+	// Parent powershell spawns a detached, long-lived child powershell (writing
+	// its PID to a file) and then sleeps. The child is launched AFTER the parent
+	// has been assigned to the job, so it must be captured by the job too.
+	script := fmt.Sprintf(
+		`$c = Start-Process powershell -PassThru -ArgumentList '-NoProfile','-Command','Start-Sleep -Seconds 600'; `+
+			`Set-Content -LiteralPath %q -Value $c.Id; Start-Sleep -Seconds 600`, pidFile)
+	cmd := exec.Command("powershell.exe", "-NoProfile", "-Command", script)
+	require.NoError(t, cmd.Start())
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = cmd.Process.Kill() })
+
+	killer, err := newProcessKiller(cmd.Process)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer killer.Close()
+
+	// Wait for the child PID to be reported.
+	var childPID int
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		b, e := os.ReadFile(pidFile)
+		if e != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		s := strings.TrimSpace(string(b))
+		if s == "" {
+			return false
+		}
+		childPID, _ = strconv.Atoi(s)
+		return childPID > 0 && processAlive(childPID)
+	}, 20*time.Second, 200*time.Millisecond, "child process should start")
+
+	// Killing the job must terminate both the parent and the detached child.
+	require.NoError(t, killer.Kill())
+
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		return !processAlive(cmd.Process.Pid) && !processAlive(childPID)
+	}, 20*time.Second, 200*time.Millisecond, "parent and child should both be terminated")
+}

act/exprparser/interpreter.go

@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ func (impl *interperterImpl) evaluateArrayDeref(arrayDerefNode *actionlint.Array
 
 func (impl *interperterImpl) getPropertyValue(left reflect.Value, property string) (value any, err error) {
 	switch left.Kind() {
-	case reflect.Ptr:
+	case reflect.Pointer:
 		return impl.getPropertyValue(left.Elem(), property)
 
 	case reflect.Struct:
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ func (impl *interperterImpl) getPropertyValue(left reflect.Value, property strin
 }
 
 func (impl *interperterImpl) getMapValue(value reflect.Value) (any, error) {
-	if value.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+	if value.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
 		return impl.getMapValue(value.Elem())
 	}
 

act/filecollector/file_collector.go

@@ -73,10 +73,16 @@ func (cc *CopyCollector) WriteFile(fpath string, fi fs.FileInfo, linkName string
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(fdestpath), 0o777); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	// Remove any existing destination so we can overwrite read-only files
+	// (e.g. git pack files at mode 0444 trip EACCES on macOS and "Access is
+	// denied" on Windows when reopened with O_WRONLY) and so os.Symlink does
+	// not fail with EEXIST. os.Remove clears the Windows read-only attribute
+	// internally; on Unix unlink only needs write permission on the parent.
+	_ = os.Remove(fdestpath)
 	if f == nil {
 		return os.Symlink(linkName, fdestpath)
 	}
-	df, err := os.OpenFile(fdestpath, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, fi.Mode())
+	df, err := os.OpenFile(fdestpath, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_TRUNC, fi.Mode())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

act/filecollector/file_collector_test.go

@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ import (
 	"archive/tar"
 	"context"
 	"io"
+	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -20,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/index"
 	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/storage/filesystem"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 type memoryFs struct {
@@ -174,3 +177,47 @@ func TestSymlinks(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, ".env", files["test.env"].Linkname)
 	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, io.EOF, "tar must be read cleanly to EOF")
 }
+
+// Regression for https://gitea.com/gitea/runner/issues/876 and /941:
+// re-copying an action directory must overwrite a pre-existing read-only
+// file (e.g. a git pack .idx at mode 0444) instead of failing with EACCES
+// on macOS or "Access is denied" on Windows.
+func TestCopyCollectorWriteFileOverwritesReadOnlyFile(t *testing.T) {
+	dst := t.TempDir()
+	target := filepath.Join(dst, "sub", "pack.idx")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(target), 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(target, []byte("old"), 0o444))
+
+	src := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "pack.idx")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(src, []byte("new"), 0o444))
+	fi, err := os.Stat(src)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cc := &CopyCollector{DstDir: dst}
+	require.NoError(t, cc.WriteFile("sub/pack.idx", fi, "", strings.NewReader("new")))
+
+	got, err := os.ReadFile(target)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "new", string(got))
+}
+
+// Without the destination removal, os.Symlink fails with EEXIST when the
+// path already holds a regular file from an earlier copy of the action.
+func TestCopyCollectorWriteFileOverwritesFileWithSymlink(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("creating symlinks requires elevated privileges on Windows")
+	}
+	dst := t.TempDir()
+	target := filepath.Join(dst, "link")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(target, []byte("stale"), 0o644))
+
+	fi, err := os.Lstat(target)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cc := &CopyCollector{DstDir: dst}
+	require.NoError(t, cc.WriteFile("link", fi, "target", nil))
+
+	resolved, err := os.Readlink(target)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "target", resolved)
+}

act/lookpath/env.go

@@ -4,18 +4,6 @@
 
 package lookpath
 
-import "os"
-
 type Env interface {
 	Getenv(name string) string
 }
-
-type defaultEnv struct{}
-
-func (*defaultEnv) Getenv(name string) string {
-	return os.Getenv(name)
-}
-
-func LookPath(file string) (string, error) {
-	return LookPath2(file, &defaultEnv{})
-}

act/model/workflow.go

@@ -325,14 +325,20 @@ func (j *Job) Needs() []string {
 
 // RunsOn list for Job
 func (j *Job) RunsOn() []string {
-	switch j.RawRunsOn.Kind {
+	return RunsOnFromNode(j.RawRunsOn)
+}
+
+// RunsOnFromNode parses the runs-on labels from a raw runs-on node, so callers can evaluate a
+// copy of the node (avoiding mutation of the shared Job) before reading the labels.
+func RunsOnFromNode(rawRunsOn yaml.Node) []string {
+	switch rawRunsOn.Kind {
 	case yaml.MappingNode:
 		var val struct {
 			Group  string
 			Labels yaml.Node
 		}
 
-		if !decodeNode(j.RawRunsOn, &val) {
+		if !decodeNode(rawRunsOn, &val) {
 			return nil
 		}
 
@@ -344,7 +350,7 @@ func (j *Job) RunsOn() []string {
 
 		return labels
 	default:
-		return nodeAsStringSlice(j.RawRunsOn)
+		return nodeAsStringSlice(rawRunsOn)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -645,6 +651,33 @@ type Step struct {
 	TimeoutMinutes     string            `yaml:"timeout-minutes"`
 }
 
+// Clone returns a deep copy safe to mutate independently of s. Job steps are shared across
+// parallel matrix runs, which mutate per-job fields (ID, Number, Shell) and evaluate the If/Env
+// yaml.Nodes in place, so each job must own its copy.
+func (s *Step) Clone() *Step {
+	clone := *s
+	clone.If = CloneYamlNode(s.If)
+	clone.Env = CloneYamlNode(s.Env)
+	clone.With = maps.Clone(s.With)
+	return &clone
+}
+
+// CloneYamlNode returns a deep copy of a yaml.Node so callers can evaluate it in place without
+// mutating a node shared across parallel jobs.
+func CloneYamlNode(n yaml.Node) yaml.Node {
+	clone := n
+	if n.Content != nil {
+		clone.Content = make([]*yaml.Node, len(n.Content))
+		for i, child := range n.Content {
+			if child != nil {
+				childClone := CloneYamlNode(*child)
+				clone.Content[i] = &childClone
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return clone
+}
+
 // String gets the name of step
 func (s *Step) String() string {
 	if s.Name != "" {

act/model/workflow_test.go

@@ -9,9 +9,29 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v4"
 )
 
+// TestStepCloneIsolatesMutableFields guards the parallel-matrix race fix: combinations share the
+// job's *Step, and Clone() must hand each a copy whose If/Env nodes and With map can be mutated
+// independently. A shallow copy would share Env.Content's backing array (and the With map) and
+// leak writes across combinations.
+func TestStepCloneIsolatesMutableFields(t *testing.T) {
+	var orig Step
+	require.NoError(t, yaml.Unmarshal([]byte("if: ${{ env.X == 'a' }}\nenv:\n  KEY: original\nwith:\n  arg: original\n"), &orig))
+	require.Len(t, orig.Env.Content, 2) // [key, value]
+
+	clone := orig.Clone()
+	clone.If.Value = "changed"
+	clone.Env.Content[1].Value = "changed"
+	clone.With["arg"] = "changed"
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "${{ env.X == 'a' }}", orig.If.Value, "If must not be shared with the clone")
+	assert.Equal(t, "original", orig.Env.Content[1].Value, "Env nodes must not be shared with the clone")
+	assert.Equal(t, "original", orig.With["arg"], "With map must not be shared with the clone")
+}
+
 func TestReadWorkflow_ScheduleEvent(t *testing.T) {
 	yaml := `
 name: local-action-docker-url

act/runner/action.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/git"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/container"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/model"
 
@@ -44,6 +45,11 @@ type runAction func(step actionStep, actionDir string, remoteAction *remoteActio
 //go:embed res/trampoline.js
 var trampoline embed.FS
 
+var (
+	ContainerImageExistsLocally     = container.ImageExistsLocally
+	ContainerNewDockerBuildExecutor = container.NewDockerBuildExecutor
+)
+
 func readActionImpl(ctx context.Context, step *model.Step, actionDir, actionPath string, readFile actionYamlReader, writeFile fileWriter) (*model.Action, error) {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 	allErrors := []error{}
@@ -148,6 +154,8 @@ func maybeCopyToActionDir(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, actionDir, actio
 		return rc.JobContainer.CopyTarStream(ctx, containerActionDirCopy, ta)
 	}
 
+	defer git.AcquireCloneLock(actionDir)()
+
 	if err := removeGitIgnore(ctx, actionDir); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -197,7 +205,7 @@ func runActionImpl(step actionStep, actionDir string, remoteAction *remoteAction
 			if remoteAction == nil {
 				location = containerActionDir
 			}
-			return execAsDocker(ctx, step, actionName, location, remoteAction == nil)
+			return execAsDocker(ctx, step, actionName, actionDir, location, remoteAction == nil)
 		case x.IsComposite():
 			if err := maybeCopyToActionDir(ctx, step, actionDir, actionPath, containerActionDir); err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -265,7 +273,7 @@ func removeGitIgnore(ctx context.Context, directory string) error {
 }
 
 // TODO: break out parts of function to reduce complexicity
-func execAsDocker(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, actionName, basedir string, localAction bool) error {
+func execAsDocker(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, actionName, actionDir, basedir string, localAction bool) error {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 	rc := step.getRunContext()
 	action := step.getActionModel()
@@ -284,12 +292,12 @@ func execAsDocker(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, actionName, basedir stri
 		image = strings.ToLower(image)
 		contextDir, fileName := filepath.Split(filepath.Join(basedir, action.Runs.Image))
 
-		anyArchExists, err := container.ImageExistsLocally(ctx, image, "any")
+		anyArchExists, err := ContainerImageExistsLocally(ctx, image, "any")
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		correctArchExists, err := container.ImageExistsLocally(ctx, image, rc.Config.ContainerArchitecture)
+		correctArchExists, err := ContainerImageExistsLocally(ctx, image, rc.Config.ContainerArchitecture)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -321,13 +329,21 @@ func execAsDocker(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, actionName, basedir stri
 				}
 				defer buildContext.Close()
 			}
-			prepImage = container.NewDockerBuildExecutor(container.NewDockerBuildExecutorInput{
+			prepImage = ContainerNewDockerBuildExecutor(container.NewDockerBuildExecutorInput{
 				ContextDir:   contextDir,
 				Dockerfile:   fileName,
 				ImageTag:     image,
 				BuildContext: buildContext,
 				Platform:     rc.Config.ContainerArchitecture,
 			})
+			if buildContext == nil {
+				// Held across the whole build: the daemon drains contextDir lazily.
+				inner := prepImage
+				prepImage = func(ctx context.Context) error {
+					defer git.AcquireCloneLock(actionDir)()
+					return inner(ctx)
+				}
+			}
 		} else {
 			logger.Debugf("image '%s' for architecture '%s' already exists", image, rc.Config.ContainerArchitecture)
 		}
@@ -439,7 +455,8 @@ func newStepContainer(ctx context.Context, step step, image string, cmd, entrypo
 		Platform:     rc.Config.ContainerArchitecture,
 		Options:      rc.Config.ContainerOptions,
 		AutoRemove:   rc.Config.AutoRemove,
-		ValidVolumes: rc.Config.ValidVolumes,
+		ValidVolumes: rc.validVolumes(),
+		AllocatePTY:  rc.Config.AllocatePTY,
 	})
 	return stepContainer
 }

act/runner/action_cache_offline_mode.go

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
-// Copyright 2024 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package runner
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"io"
-	"path"
-
-	git "github.com/go-git/go-git/v5"
-	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing"
-)
-
-type GoGitActionCacheOfflineMode struct {
-	Parent GoGitActionCache
-}
-
-func (c GoGitActionCacheOfflineMode) Fetch(ctx context.Context, cacheDir, url, ref, token string) (string, error) {
-	sha, fetchErr := c.Parent.Fetch(ctx, cacheDir, url, ref, token)
-	gitPath := path.Join(c.Parent.Path, safeFilename(cacheDir)+".git")
-	gogitrepo, err := git.PlainOpen(gitPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fetchErr
-	}
-	refName := plumbing.ReferenceName("refs/action-cache-offline/" + ref)
-	r, err := gogitrepo.Reference(refName, true)
-	if fetchErr == nil {
-		if err != nil || sha != r.Hash().String() {
-			if err == nil {
-				refName = r.Name()
-			}
-			ref := plumbing.NewHashReference(refName, plumbing.NewHash(sha))
-			_ = gogitrepo.Storer.SetReference(ref)
-		}
-	} else if err == nil {
-		return r.Hash().String(), nil
-	}
-	return sha, fetchErr
-}
-
-func (c GoGitActionCacheOfflineMode) GetTarArchive(ctx context.Context, cacheDir, sha, includePrefix string) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
-	return c.Parent.GetTarArchive(ctx, cacheDir, sha, includePrefix)
-}

act/runner/action_cache_test.go

@@ -8,64 +8,139 @@ import (
 	"archive/tar"
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/model"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-func TestActionCache(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("skipping integration test")
+func runGit(t *testing.T, dir string, args ...string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if dir != "" {
+		args = append([]string{"-C", dir}, args...)
 	}
+	cmd := exec.Command("git", args...)
+	// Fixed identity and host-config isolation so commits succeed offline regardless of the
+	// host's git config (mirrors gitCmd in act/common/git).
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(),
+		"GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=test", "GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=test@example.com",
+		"GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=test", "GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=test@example.com",
+		"GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL=/dev/null", "GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM=/dev/null",
+	)
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	require.NoError(t, err, string(out))
+}
+
+// TestShortShaActionRejected verifies a `uses` ref that is a shortened commit SHA is rejected
+// with a clear error. The action is resolved from a local repo (via DefaultActionInstance) so
+// this runs offline.
+func TestShortShaActionRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	// a local "remote" action repo at <root>/actions/hello-world-docker-action
+	actionRoot := t.TempDir()
+	repo := filepath.Join(actionRoot, "actions", "hello-world-docker-action")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(repo, 0o755))
+	runGit(t, "", "init", "--initial-branch=main", repo)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(repo, "action.yml"),
+		[]byte("name: hello\nruns:\n  using: node24\n  main: index.js\n"), 0o644))
+	runGit(t, repo, "add", ".")
+	runGit(t, repo, "commit", "-m", "initial")
+	out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", repo, "rev-parse", "HEAD").Output()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	shortSha := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))[:7]
+
+	// a workflow that uses the action at the short SHA
+	wfDir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "wf")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(wfDir, 0o755))
+	wf := fmt.Sprintf("on: push\njobs:\n  test:\n    runs-on: ubuntu-latest\n    steps:\n      - uses: actions/hello-world-docker-action@%s\n", shortSha)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(wfDir, "push.yml"), []byte(wf), 0o644))
+
+	runner, err := New(&Config{
+		Workdir:               wfDir,
+		EventName:             "push",
+		Platforms:             map[string]string{"ubuntu-latest": baseImage},
+		GitHubInstance:        "github.com",
+		DefaultActionInstance: actionRoot,
+		ContainerMaxLifetime:  time.Hour,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	planner, err := model.NewWorkflowPlanner(wfDir, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	plan, err := planner.PlanEvent("push")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = runner.NewPlanExecutor(plan)(common.WithDryrun(context.Background(), true))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "shortened version of a commit SHA")
+}
+
+func TestActionCache(t *testing.T) {
 	a := assert.New(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Build a local bare repo with a `js` action dir so this runs offline (formerly cloned
+	// github.com/nektos/act-test-actions over the network). allowAnySHA1InWant lets the
+	// "Fetch Sha" case fetch a commit hash directly.
+	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
+	runGit(t, "", "init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir)
+	runGit(t, remoteDir, "config", "uploadpack.allowAnySHA1InWant", "true")
+
+	workDir := t.TempDir()
+	runGit(t, "", "clone", remoteDir, workDir)
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(workDir, "js"), 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(workDir, "js", "action.yml"),
+		[]byte("name: js\nruns:\n  using: node24\n  main: index.js\n"), 0o644))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(workDir, "js", "index.js"),
+		[]byte("console.log('hello');\n"), 0o644))
+	runGit(t, workDir, "add", ".")
+	runGit(t, workDir, "commit", "-m", "initial")
+	runGit(t, workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main")
+
+	out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", workDir, "rev-parse", "main").Output()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	fullSha := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
+
 	cache := &GoGitActionCache{
 		Path: t.TempDir(),
 	}
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	cacheDir := "nektos/act-test-actions"
-	repo := "https://github.com/nektos/act-test-actions"
+	cacheDir := "local/act-test-actions"
 	refs := []struct {
-		Name     string
-		CacheDir string
-		Repo     string
-		Ref      string
+		Name string
+		Ref  string
 	}{
-		{
-			Name:     "Fetch Branch Name",
-			CacheDir: cacheDir,
-			Repo:     repo,
-			Ref:      "main",
-		},
-		{
-			Name:     "Fetch Branch Name Absolutely",
-			CacheDir: cacheDir,
-			Repo:     repo,
-			Ref:      "refs/heads/main",
-		},
-		{
-			Name:     "Fetch HEAD",
-			CacheDir: cacheDir,
-			Repo:     repo,
-			Ref:      "HEAD",
-		},
-		{
-			Name:     "Fetch Sha",
-			CacheDir: cacheDir,
-			Repo:     repo,
-			Ref:      "de984ca37e4df4cb9fd9256435a3b82c4a2662b1",
-		},
+		{Name: "Fetch Branch Name", Ref: "main"},
+		{Name: "Fetch Branch Name Absolutely", Ref: "refs/heads/main"},
+		{Name: "Fetch HEAD", Ref: "HEAD"},
+		{Name: "Fetch Sha", Ref: fullSha},
 	}
 	for _, c := range refs {
 		t.Run(c.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			sha, err := cache.Fetch(ctx, c.CacheDir, c.Repo, c.Ref, "")
+			sha, err := cache.Fetch(ctx, cacheDir, remoteDir, c.Ref, "")
 			if !a.NoError(err) || !a.NotEmpty(sha) { //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 				return
 			}
-			atar, err := cache.GetTarArchive(ctx, c.CacheDir, sha, "js")
-			if !a.NoError(err) || !a.NotEmpty(atar) { //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+			atar, err := cache.GetTarArchive(ctx, cacheDir, sha, "js")
+			// NotNil, not NotEmpty: atar is a live io.PipeReader whose producer goroutine is
+			// writing concurrently; NotEmpty deep-reflects over its internals and races.
+			if !a.NoError(err) || !a.NotNil(atar) { //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 				return
 			}
+			// GetTarArchive streams from a background goroutine walking the shared repo.
+			// Drain and close so it finishes before the next subtest fetches into the same
+			// repo; otherwise the lingering walk races with that fetch.
+			defer func() {
+				_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, atar)
+				_ = atar.Close()
+			}()
 			mytar := tar.NewReader(atar)
 			th, err := mytar.Next()
 			if !a.NoError(err) || !a.NotEqual(0, th.Size) { //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act

act/runner/action_test.go

@@ -9,8 +9,13 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/git"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/container"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/model"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -252,3 +257,153 @@ func TestActionRunner(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestMaybeCopyToActionDirHoldsCloneLock(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	actionDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	releaseCopy := make(chan struct{})
+	release := sync.OnceFunc(func() { close(releaseCopy) })
+	defer release()
+
+	copyEntered := make(chan struct{})
+
+	cm := &containerMock{}
+	cm.On("CopyDir", "/var/run/act/actions/", actionDir+"/", false).Return(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		close(copyEntered)
+		<-releaseCopy
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	step := &stepActionRemote{
+		Step: &model.Step{Uses: "remote/action@v1"},
+		RunContext: &RunContext{
+			Config:       &Config{},
+			JobContainer: cm,
+		},
+	}
+
+	copyDone := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		copyDone <- maybeCopyToActionDir(ctx, step, actionDir, "", "/var/run/act/actions/")
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-copyEntered:
+	case err := <-copyDone:
+		t.Fatalf("maybeCopyToActionDir returned before CopyDir was entered: %v", err)
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("CopyDir was not entered within 1 second")
+	}
+
+	peerAcquired := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		unlock := git.AcquireCloneLock(actionDir)
+		close(peerAcquired)
+		unlock()
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-peerAcquired:
+		t.Fatal("peer AcquireCloneLock returned while CopyDir was running")
+	case <-time.After(50 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+
+	release()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-copyDone:
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("maybeCopyToActionDir returned error: %v", err)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("maybeCopyToActionDir did not return after CopyDir was unblocked")
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-peerAcquired:
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("peer AcquireCloneLock did not proceed after lock released")
+	}
+
+	cm.AssertExpectations(t)
+}
+
+func TestExecAsDockerHoldsCloneLockForRemoteUncached(t *testing.T) {
+	actionDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	unlockOnce := sync.OnceFunc(git.AcquireCloneLock(actionDir))
+	defer unlockOnce()
+
+	innerEntered := make(chan struct{})
+	releaseInner := make(chan struct{})
+	releaseOnce := sync.OnceFunc(func() { close(releaseInner) })
+	defer releaseOnce()
+
+	origImageExists := ContainerImageExistsLocally
+	ContainerImageExistsLocally = func(_ context.Context, _, _ string) (bool, error) {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	defer func() { ContainerImageExistsLocally = origImageExists }()
+
+	origBuildExec := ContainerNewDockerBuildExecutor
+	ContainerNewDockerBuildExecutor = func(_ container.NewDockerBuildExecutorInput) common.Executor {
+		return func(_ context.Context) error {
+			close(innerEntered)
+			<-releaseInner
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	defer func() { ContainerNewDockerBuildExecutor = origBuildExec }()
+
+	step := &stepActionRemote{
+		Step: &model.Step{ID: "1", Uses: "remote/action@v1", With: map[string]string{}},
+		RunContext: &RunContext{
+			Config: &Config{},
+			Run: &model.Run{
+				JobID: "1",
+				Workflow: &model.Workflow{
+					Name: "wf",
+					Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"1": {}},
+				},
+			},
+			JobContainer: &containerMock{},
+		},
+		action: &model.Action{Runs: model.ActionRuns{Using: "docker", Image: "Dockerfile"}},
+		env:    map[string]string{},
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- execAsDocker(ctx, step, "test-action", actionDir, actionDir, false) }()
+
+	select {
+	case <-innerEntered:
+		t.Fatal("inner build executor ran before clone lock was released")
+	case err := <-done:
+		t.Fatalf("execAsDocker returned before inner was entered: %v", err)
+	case <-time.After(50 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+
+	unlockOnce()
+
+	select {
+	case <-innerEntered:
+	case err := <-done:
+		t.Fatalf("execAsDocker returned without entering inner: %v", err)
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("inner build executor not entered after lock released")
+	}
+
+	cancel()
+	releaseOnce()
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("execAsDocker did not return after inner was released and ctx was canceled")
+	}
+}

act/runner/command.go

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) commandHandler(ctx context.Context) common.LineHandler {
 			logger.Infof("%s", line)
 			return false
 		}
-		arg = unescapeCommandData(arg)
+		arg = UnescapeCommandData(arg)
 		kvPairs = unescapeKvPairs(kvPairs)
 		switch command {
 		case "set-env":
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) setOutput(ctx context.Context, kvPairs map[string]string,
 
 	result, ok := rc.StepResults[stepID]
 	if !ok {
-		logger.Infof("  \U00002757  no outputs used step '%s'", stepID)
+		logger.Infof("No outputs registered for step '%s'", stepID)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func parseKeyValuePairs(kvPairs, separator string) map[string]string {
 	return rtn
 }
 
-func unescapeCommandData(arg string) string {
+func UnescapeCommandData(arg string) string {
 	escapeMap := map[string]string{
 		"%25": "%",
 		"%0D": "\r",

act/runner/expression.go

@@ -562,15 +562,15 @@ func getWorkflowSecrets(ctx context.Context, rc *RunContext) map[string]string {
 			secrets = rc.caller.runContext.Config.Secrets
 		}
 
-		if secrets == nil {
-			secrets = map[string]string{}
-		}
-
+		// Interpolate into a new map. secrets may be the shared Config.Secrets (or the job's
+		// map), which other parallel jobs read concurrently (e.g. log masking), so mutating it
+		// in place is a data race.
+		interpolated := make(map[string]string, len(secrets))
 		for k, v := range secrets {
-			secrets[k] = rc.caller.runContext.ExprEval.Interpolate(ctx, v)
+			interpolated[k] = rc.caller.runContext.ExprEval.Interpolate(ctx, v)
 		}
 
-		return secrets
+		return interpolated
 	}
 
 	return rc.Config.Secrets

act/runner/helpers_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"os/exec"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/container"
+
+	mobyclient "github.com/moby/moby/client"
+)
+
+// requireLinuxDocker skips on non-Linux hosts. Some integration workflows need Docker features
+// that only a Linux daemon provides (host networking, host /proc bind mounts); Docker Desktop
+// on macOS/Windows does not, so those tests can only run on Linux.
+func requireLinuxDocker(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" {
+		t.Skip("skipping: requires a Linux Docker host")
+	}
+}
+
+// requireDocker skips the test unless a reachable docker daemon is available.
+// GetDockerClient succeeds even without a running daemon (its ping is best-effort),
+// so the daemon has to be pinged explicitly here to decide whether to skip.
+func requireDocker(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	cli, err := container.GetDockerClient(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("skipping: docker client unavailable: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer cli.Close()
+	if _, err := cli.Ping(ctx, mobyclient.PingOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("skipping: docker daemon unreachable: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// requireNetwork skips the test unless github.com is reachable. A few tests exercise behaviour
+// that inherently needs the network (force-pulling an image, resolving a remote short-sha ref);
+// gating lets the rest of the suite run offline without these failing.
+func requireNetwork(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", "github.com:443", 3*time.Second)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("skipping: network unavailable: %v", err)
+	}
+	_ = conn.Close()
+}
+
+// requireHostTools skips the test unless every named executable is on PATH. Used by the
+// self-hosted (host environment) suite, which runs steps directly on the host.
+func requireHostTools(t *testing.T, tools ...string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, tool := range tools {
+		if _, err := exec.LookPath(tool); err != nil {
+			t.Skipf("skipping: required host tool %q not found: %v", tool, err)
+		}
+	}
+}

act/runner/job_executor.go

@@ -183,18 +183,25 @@ func newJobExecutor(info jobInfo, sf stepFactory, rc *RunContext) common.Executo
 func setJobResult(ctx context.Context, info jobInfo, rc *RunContext, success bool) {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 
-	jobResult := "success"
-	// we have only one result for a whole matrix build, so we need
-	// to keep an existing result state if we run a matrix
-	if len(info.matrix()) > 0 && rc.Run.Job().Result != "" {
-		jobResult = rc.Run.Job().Result
-	}
+	// Matrix combinations share one *model.Job and run in parallel; serialize the
+	// read-modify-write of the job result so a failing combination is not lost-updated by a
+	// concurrent succeeding one.
+	job := rc.Run.Job()
+	jobResult := func() string {
+		defer lockJob(job)()
+		result := "success"
+		// we have only one result for a whole matrix build, so we need
+		// to keep an existing result state if we run a matrix
+		if len(info.matrix()) > 0 && job.Result != "" {
+			result = job.Result
+		}
+		if !success {
+			result = "failure"
+		}
+		info.result(result)
+		return result
+	}()
 
-	if !success {
-		jobResult = "failure"
-	}
-
-	info.result(jobResult)
 	if rc.caller != nil {
 		// set reusable workflow job result
 		rc.caller.setReusedWorkflowJobResult(rc.JobName, jobResult) // For Gitea
@@ -220,7 +227,11 @@ func setJobOutputs(ctx context.Context, rc *RunContext) {
 			callerOutputs[k] = ee.Interpolate(ctx, ee.Interpolate(ctx, v.Value))
 		}
 
-		rc.caller.runContext.Run.Job().Outputs = callerOutputs
+		// Matrix combinations of a reusable-workflow caller share the caller's *model.Job;
+		// serialize the write so parallel combos don't race on its Outputs field.
+		callerJob := rc.caller.runContext.Run.Job()
+		defer lockJob(callerJob)()
+		callerJob.Outputs = callerOutputs
 	}
 }
 

act/runner/job_executor_test.go

@@ -21,18 +21,13 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestJobExecutor(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("skipping integration test")
-	}
+	// Dryrun only checks syntax/planning; all cases resolve locally, so this runs offline.
 	tables := []TestJobFileInfo{
 		{workdir, "uses-and-run-in-one-step", "push", "Invalid run/uses syntax for job:test step:Test", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "uses-github-empty", "push", "Expected format {org}/{repo}[/path]@ref", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "uses-github-noref", "push", "Expected format {org}/{repo}[/path]@ref", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "uses-github-root", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "uses-github-path", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "uses-docker-url", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "uses-github-full-sha", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "uses-github-short-sha", "push", "Unable to resolve action `actions/hello-world-docker-action@b136eb8`, the provided ref `b136eb8` is the shortened version of a commit SHA, which is not supported. Please use the full commit SHA `b136eb8894c5cb1dd5807da824be97ccdf9b5423` instead", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "job-nil-step", "push", "invalid Step 0: missing run or uses key", platforms, secrets},
 	}
 	// These tests are sufficient to only check syntax.

act/runner/logger.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 
@@ -166,9 +167,29 @@ func withStepLogger(ctx context.Context, stepNumber int, stepID, stepName, stage
 
 type entryProcessor func(entry *logrus.Entry) *logrus.Entry
 
+func AppendSecretMasker(oldnew []string, v string) []string {
+	ret := oldnew
+
+	for l := range strings.SplitSeq(v, "\n") {
+		tm := strings.TrimSpace(l)
+		// formatted JSON secrets could otherwise mask {,[,],} everywhere
+		if len(tm) > 1 {
+			ret = append(ret, tm, "***")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ret
+}
+
 // valueMasker applies secrets and ::add-mask:: patterns to every log entry, including
 // raw_output (command/stream) lines; there is no bypass by field.
 func valueMasker(insecureSecrets bool, secrets map[string]string) entryProcessor {
+	var oldnew []string
+	for _, v := range secrets {
+		oldnew = AppendSecretMasker(oldnew, v)
+	}
+	oldnew = slices.Clip(oldnew)
+	defReplacer := strings.NewReplacer(oldnew...)
 	return func(entry *logrus.Entry) *logrus.Entry {
 		if insecureSecrets {
 			return entry
@@ -176,16 +197,16 @@ func valueMasker(insecureSecrets bool, secrets map[string]string) entryProcessor
 
 		masks := Masks(entry.Context)
 
-		for _, v := range secrets {
-			if v != "" {
-				entry.Message = strings.ReplaceAll(entry.Message, v, "***")
-			}
-		}
+		if len(*masks) == 0 {
+			entry.Message = defReplacer.Replace(entry.Message)
+		} else {
+			cmasker := oldnew
 
-		for _, v := range *masks {
-			if v != "" {
-				entry.Message = strings.ReplaceAll(entry.Message, v, "***")
+			for _, v := range *masks {
+				cmasker = AppendSecretMasker(cmasker, v)
 			}
+
+			entry.Message = strings.NewReplacer(cmasker...).Replace(entry.Message)
 		}
 
 		return entry

act/runner/logger_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestValueMasker(t *testing.T) {
+	table := []struct {
+		name       string
+		lines      string
+		secrets    map[string]string
+		masks      []string
+		disallowed []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "Multiline Private Key",
+			lines: "cat << EOF > private.key\nPRIVATE_KEY_BEGIN\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\nPRIVATE_KEY_END\nEOF",
+			secrets: map[string]string{
+				"PRIVATE_KEY": "PRIVATE_KEY_BEGIN\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\nPRIVATE_KEY_END",
+			},
+			disallowed: []string{"KEY", "dsdfseffefsefes", "PRIVATE_KEY_END"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Multiline Private Key in masks",
+			lines:      "cat << EOF > private.key\nPRIVATE_KEY_BEGIN\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\nPRIVATE_KEY_END\nEOF",
+			masks:      []string{"PRIVATE_KEY_BEGIN\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\ndsdfseffefsefes\nPRIVATE_KEY_END"},
+			disallowed: []string{"KEY", "dsdfseffefsefes", "PRIVATE_KEY_END"},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, entry := range table {
+		t.Run(entry.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx := WithMasks(t.Context(), &entry.masks)
+			masker := valueMasker(false, entry.secrets)
+			for line := range strings.SplitSeq(entry.lines, "\n") {
+				lentry := masker(&logrus.Entry{
+					Context: ctx,
+					Message: line,
+				})
+				for _, line := range entry.disallowed {
+					assert.NotContains(t, lentry.Message, line)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

act/runner/reusable_workflow.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/url"
 	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -27,7 +28,9 @@ func newLocalReusableWorkflowExecutor(rc *RunContext) common.Executor {
 		workflowDir = strings.TrimPrefix(workflowDir, "./")
 
 		return common.NewPipelineExecutor(
-			newReusableWorkflowExecutor(rc, workflowDir, fileName),
+			// resolve the local workflow against the workspace root, not the process
+			// working directory, so it is found regardless of where the runner is invoked
+			newReusableWorkflowExecutor(rc, filepath.Join(rc.Config.Workdir, workflowDir), fileName),
 		)
 	}
 
@@ -142,9 +145,16 @@ func cloneRemoteReusableWorkflow(rc *RunContext, cloneURL, ref, targetDirectory,
 	}
 }
 
+var modelNewWorkflowPlanner = model.NewWorkflowPlanner
+
 func newReusableWorkflowExecutor(rc *RunContext, directory, workflow string) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		planner, err := model.NewWorkflowPlanner(path.Join(directory, workflow), true)
+		// Scoped to the yaml read so concurrent invocations don't serialize
+		// on the whole job run.
+		planner, err := func() (model.WorkflowPlanner, error) {
+			defer git.AcquireCloneLock(directory)()
+			return modelNewWorkflowPlanner(path.Join(directory, workflow), true)
+		}()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -277,8 +287,12 @@ func setReusedWorkflowCallerResult(rc *RunContext, runner Runner) common.Executo
 			if rc.caller != nil {
 				rc.caller.setReusedWorkflowJobResult(rc.JobName, reusedWorkflowJobResult)
 			} else {
+				// Serialize this shared Job.Result write against the other matrix combos
+				// and setJobResult (same lockJob key).
+				unlock := lockJob(rc.Run.Job())
 				rc.result(reusedWorkflowJobResult)
-				logger.WithField("jobResult", reusedWorkflowJobResult).Infof("\U0001F3C1  Job %s", reusedWorkflowJobResultMessage)
+				unlock()
+				logger.WithField("jobResult", reusedWorkflowJobResult).Infof("Job %s", reusedWorkflowJobResultMessage)
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -301,6 +315,11 @@ func getGitCloneToken(conf *Config, cloneURL string) string {
 // 1. cloneURL is from the same Gitea instance that the runner is registered to
 // 2. the cloneURL does not have basic auth embedded
 func shouldCloneURLUseToken(instanceURL, cloneURL string) bool {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(instanceURL, "http://") &&
+		!strings.HasPrefix(instanceURL, "https://") {
+		instanceURL = "https://" + instanceURL
+	}
+
 	u1, err1 := url.Parse(instanceURL)
 	u2, err2 := url.Parse(cloneURL)
 	if err1 != nil || err2 != nil {

act/runner/reusable_workflow_test.go

@@ -5,11 +5,15 @@ package runner
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/git"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/model"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -71,6 +75,113 @@ func TestReusableWorkflowCachedBranchRefRefreshes(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, tmpl("v2"), string(got), "cached workflow file must reflect the updated branch tip")
 }
 
+func TestNewReusableWorkflowExecutorHoldsCloneLock(t *testing.T) {
+	workflowDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	unlockOnce := sync.OnceFunc(git.AcquireCloneLock(workflowDir))
+	defer unlockOnce()
+
+	plannerCalled := make(chan struct{})
+
+	origPlanner := modelNewWorkflowPlanner
+	modelNewWorkflowPlanner = func(string, bool) (model.WorkflowPlanner, error) {
+		close(plannerCalled)
+		return nil, errors.New("stop")
+	}
+	defer func() { modelNewWorkflowPlanner = origPlanner }()
+
+	rc := &RunContext{
+		Config: &Config{},
+		Run:    &model.Run{Workflow: &model.Workflow{Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{}}},
+	}
+	exec := newReusableWorkflowExecutor(rc, workflowDir, "reusable.yml")
+
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- exec(context.Background()) }()
+
+	select {
+	case <-plannerCalled:
+		t.Fatal("planner ran while clone lock was held")
+	case err := <-done:
+		t.Fatalf("executor returned before planner was reached: %v", err)
+	case <-time.After(50 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+
+	unlockOnce()
+
+	select {
+	case <-plannerCalled:
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("planner not called after lock was released")
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("executor did not return after planner ran")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetGitCloneTokenWithSchemalessGiteaInstance(t *testing.T) {
+	conf := &Config{
+		GitHubInstance: "gitea.example.net",
+		Secrets: map[string]string{
+			"GITEA_TOKEN": "token-value",
+		},
+	}
+
+	token := getGitCloneToken(conf, "https://gitea.example.net/actions/tools")
+
+	require.Equal(t, "token-value", token)
+}
+
+func TestShouldCloneURLUseToken(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		instanceURL string
+		cloneURL    string
+		want        bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "same host with schemaless instance",
+			instanceURL: "gitea.example.net",
+			cloneURL:    "https://gitea.example.net/actions/tools",
+			want:        true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "same host with schemaless instance and port",
+			instanceURL: "gitea.example.net:3000",
+			cloneURL:    "https://gitea.example.net:3000/actions/tools",
+			want:        true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "different host",
+			instanceURL: "gitea.example.net",
+			cloneURL:    "https://github.com/actions/tools",
+			want:        false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "embedded basic auth",
+			instanceURL: "gitea.example.net",
+			cloneURL:    "https://user:pass@gitea.example.net/actions/tools",
+			want:        false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "invalid clone URL",
+			instanceURL: "gitea.example.net",
+			cloneURL:    "://gitea.example.net/actions/tools",
+			want:        false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			require.Equal(t, tt.want, shouldCloneURLUseToken(tt.instanceURL, tt.cloneURL))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func gitMust(t *testing.T, dir string, args ...string) {
 	t.Helper()
 	cmd := exec.Command("git", args...)

act/runner/run_context.go

@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 	"runtime"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
@@ -55,6 +57,10 @@ type RunContext struct {
 	Masks               []string
 	cleanUpJobContainer common.Executor
 	caller              *caller // job calling this RunContext (reusable workflows)
+	// outputTemplate is this combination's pristine snapshot of the job's output expressions,
+	// captured before execution so each matrix combo interpolates from the originals rather
+	// than from a sibling's already-resolved values written into the shared Job.Outputs.
+	outputTemplate map[string]string
 }
 
 func (rc *RunContext) AddMask(mask string) {
@@ -130,17 +136,34 @@ func getDockerDaemonSocketMountPath(daemonPath string) string {
 	return daemonPath
 }
 
+// containerDaemonSocket returns the configured Docker daemon socket, applying the default
+// without mutating the shared Config. Parallel jobs in a plan share one *Config, so a job
+// must never write to it.
+func (rc *RunContext) containerDaemonSocket() string {
+	if rc.Config.ContainerDaemonSocket == "" {
+		return "/var/run/docker.sock"
+	}
+	return rc.Config.ContainerDaemonSocket
+}
+
+// validVolumes returns the volumes allowed on this job's containers: the configured base
+// plus the volumes the runner mounts automatically. It derives a fresh slice every call and
+// never mutates the shared Config (see containerDaemonSocket).
+func (rc *RunContext) validVolumes() []string {
+	name := rc.jobContainerName()
+	volumes := slices.Clone(rc.Config.ValidVolumes)
+	// TODO: add a new configuration to control whether the docker daemon can be mounted
+	return append(volumes, "act-toolcache", name, name+"-env",
+		getDockerDaemonSocketMountPath(rc.containerDaemonSocket()))
+}
+
 // Returns the binds and mounts for the container, resolving paths as appopriate
 func (rc *RunContext) GetBindsAndMounts() ([]string, map[string]string) {
 	name := rc.jobContainerName()
 
-	if rc.Config.ContainerDaemonSocket == "" {
-		rc.Config.ContainerDaemonSocket = "/var/run/docker.sock"
-	}
-
 	binds := []string{}
-	if rc.Config.ContainerDaemonSocket != "-" {
-		daemonPath := getDockerDaemonSocketMountPath(rc.Config.ContainerDaemonSocket)
+	if daemonSocket := rc.containerDaemonSocket(); daemonSocket != "-" {
+		daemonPath := getDockerDaemonSocketMountPath(daemonSocket)
 		binds = append(binds, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", daemonPath, "/var/run/docker.sock"))
 	}
 
@@ -179,21 +202,13 @@ func (rc *RunContext) GetBindsAndMounts() ([]string, map[string]string) {
 		mounts[name] = ext.ToContainerPath(rc.Config.Workdir)
 	}
 
-	// For Gitea
-	// add some default binds and mounts to ValidVolumes
-	rc.Config.ValidVolumes = append(rc.Config.ValidVolumes, "act-toolcache")
-	rc.Config.ValidVolumes = append(rc.Config.ValidVolumes, name)
-	rc.Config.ValidVolumes = append(rc.Config.ValidVolumes, name+"-env")
-	// TODO: add a new configuration to control whether the docker daemon can be mounted
-	rc.Config.ValidVolumes = append(rc.Config.ValidVolumes, getDockerDaemonSocketMountPath(rc.Config.ContainerDaemonSocket))
-
 	return binds, mounts
 }
 
 func (rc *RunContext) startHostEnvironment() common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-		rawLogger := logger.WithField("raw_output", true)
+		rawLogger := logger.WithField(rawOutputField, true)
 		logWriter := common.NewLineWriter(rc.commandHandler(ctx), func(s string) bool {
 			if rc.Config.LogOutput {
 				rawLogger.Infof("%s", s)
@@ -220,16 +235,17 @@ func (rc *RunContext) startHostEnvironment() common.Executor {
 		}
 		toolCache := filepath.Join(cacheDir, "tool_cache")
 		rc.JobContainer = &container.HostEnvironment{
-			Path:        path,
-			TmpDir:      runnerTmp,
-			ToolCache:   toolCache,
-			Workdir:     rc.Config.Workdir,
-			BindWorkdir: rc.Config.BindWorkdir,
-			ActPath:     actPath,
+			Path:         path,
+			TmpDir:       runnerTmp,
+			ToolCache:    toolCache,
+			Workdir:      rc.Config.Workdir,
+			CleanWorkdir: rc.Config.CleanWorkdir,
+			ActPath:      actPath,
 			CleanUp: func() {
 				os.RemoveAll(miscpath)
 			},
-			StdOut: logWriter,
+			StdOut:      logWriter,
+			AllocatePTY: rc.Config.AllocatePTY,
 		}
 		rc.cleanUpJobContainer = rc.JobContainer.Remove()
 		for k, v := range rc.JobContainer.GetRunnerContext(ctx) {
@@ -260,11 +276,24 @@ func (rc *RunContext) startHostEnvironment() common.Executor {
 	}
 }
 
+// printStartJobContainerGroup mirrors actions/runner's "Starting job container"
+// section: emit the group header and summary, return a closer for ::endgroup::.
+func printStartJobContainerGroup(ctx context.Context, image, name, network string) func() {
+	rawLogger := common.Logger(ctx).WithField(rawOutputField, true)
+	rawLogger.Infof("::group::Starting job container")
+	rawLogger.Infof("image: %s", image)
+	rawLogger.Infof("name: %s", name)
+	rawLogger.Infof("network: %s", network)
+	return func() {
+		rawLogger.Infof("::endgroup::")
+	}
+}
+
 func (rc *RunContext) startJobContainer() common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 		image := rc.platformImage(ctx)
-		rawLogger := logger.WithField("raw_output", true)
+		rawLogger := logger.WithField(rawOutputField, true)
 		logWriter := common.NewLineWriter(rc.commandHandler(ctx), func(s string) bool {
 			if rc.Config.LogOutput {
 				rawLogger.Infof("%s", s)
@@ -279,7 +308,6 @@ func (rc *RunContext) startJobContainer() common.Executor {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to handle credentials: %s", err)
 		}
 
-		logger.Infof("\U0001f680  Start image=%s", image)
 		name := rc.jobContainerName()
 		// For gitea, to support --volumes-from <container_name_or_id> in options.
 		// We need to set the container name to the environment variable.
@@ -359,6 +387,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) startJobContainer() common.Executor {
 				NetworkAliases: []string{serviceID},
 				ExposedPorts:   exposedPorts,
 				PortBindings:   portBindings,
+				AllocatePTY:    rc.Config.AllocatePTY,
 			})
 			rc.ServiceContainers = append(rc.ServiceContainers, c)
 		}
@@ -418,12 +447,14 @@ func (rc *RunContext) startJobContainer() common.Executor {
 			Platform:       rc.Config.ContainerArchitecture,
 			Options:        rc.options(ctx),
 			AutoRemove:     rc.Config.AutoRemove,
-			ValidVolumes:   rc.Config.ValidVolumes,
+			ValidVolumes:   rc.validVolumes(),
+			AllocatePTY:    rc.Config.AllocatePTY,
 		})
 		if rc.JobContainer == nil {
 			return errors.New("Failed to create job container")
 		}
 
+		defer printStartJobContainerGroup(ctx, image, name, networkName)()
 		return common.NewPipelineExecutor(
 			rc.pullServicesImages(rc.Config.ForcePull),
 			rc.JobContainer.Pull(rc.Config.ForcePull),
@@ -570,14 +601,29 @@ func (rc *RunContext) ActionCacheDir() string {
 }
 
 // Interpolate outputs after a job is done
+// jobMutexes serializes per-job result/output aggregation across the matrix combinations that
+// share one *model.Job and run in parallel. Keyed by the shared *model.Job (mirrors the
+// per-directory AcquireCloneLock pattern).
+var jobMutexes sync.Map // key: *model.Job; value: *sync.Mutex
+
+func lockJob(job *model.Job) func() {
+	v, _ := jobMutexes.LoadOrStore(job, &sync.Mutex{})
+	mu := v.(*sync.Mutex)
+	mu.Lock()
+	return mu.Unlock
+}
+
 func (rc *RunContext) interpolateOutputs() common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		ee := rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(ctx)
-		for k, v := range rc.Run.Job().Outputs {
-			interpolated := ee.Interpolate(ctx, v)
-			if v != interpolated {
-				rc.Run.Job().Outputs[k] = interpolated
-			}
+		job := rc.Run.Job()
+		// Matrix combinations share this Job and its Outputs map. Interpolate from this combo's
+		// pristine snapshot (outputTemplate) and write under the lock, so each combo overwrites
+		// with its own resolved values (last wins, as on GitHub) instead of the first combo's
+		// resolved values freezing the shared template against later combos.
+		defer lockJob(job)()
+		for k, v := range rc.outputTemplate {
+			job.Outputs[k] = ee.Interpolate(ctx, v)
 		}
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -585,10 +631,34 @@ func (rc *RunContext) interpolateOutputs() common.Executor {
 
 func (rc *RunContext) startContainer() common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		var err error
 		if rc.IsHostEnv(ctx) {
-			return rc.startHostEnvironment()(ctx)
+			err = rc.startHostEnvironment()(ctx)
+		} else {
+			err = rc.startJobContainer()(ctx)
 		}
-		return rc.startJobContainer()(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			// The job executor's teardown only runs after a successful start, so a failed
+			// start would otherwise leak the per-job network and container.
+			rc.cleanupFailedStart(ctx)
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+}
+
+func (rc *RunContext) cleanupFailedStart(ctx context.Context) {
+	if rc.cleanUpJobContainer == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	cleanCtx := ctx
+	if ctx.Err() != nil {
+		// the start likely failed because ctx was cancelled, detach so teardown still runs
+		var cancel context.CancelFunc
+		cleanCtx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(common.WithLogger(context.Background(), common.Logger(ctx)), time.Minute)
+		defer cancel()
+	}
+	if err := rc.cleanUpJobContainer(cleanCtx); err != nil {
+		common.Logger(ctx).Errorf("Error while cleaning up after failed container start for job %s: %v", rc.JobName, err)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -620,7 +690,18 @@ func (rc *RunContext) result(result string) {
 }
 
 func (rc *RunContext) steps() []*model.Step {
-	return rc.Run.Job().Steps
+	// Return per-job copies of the steps. Matrix combinations run in parallel and share the
+	// workflow model, but step execution mutates per-job fields and evaluates the If/Env nodes
+	// in place, so the *model.Step instances must not be shared across jobs (see Step.Clone).
+	shared := rc.Run.Job().Steps
+	steps := make([]*model.Step, len(shared))
+	for i, step := range shared {
+		if step == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		steps[i] = step.Clone()
+	}
+	return steps
 }
 
 // Executor returns a pipeline executor for all the steps in the job
@@ -697,12 +778,15 @@ func (rc *RunContext) runsOnPlatformNames(ctx context.Context) []string {
 		return []string{}
 	}
 
-	if err := rc.ExprEval.EvaluateYamlNode(ctx, &job.RawRunsOn); err != nil {
+	// Evaluate a copy: RawRunsOn is shared across parallel matrix jobs, so interpolating it in
+	// place would race and leak one matrix combination's runs-on into the others.
+	rawRunsOn := model.CloneYamlNode(job.RawRunsOn)
+	if err := rc.ExprEval.EvaluateYamlNode(ctx, &rawRunsOn); err != nil {
 		common.Logger(ctx).Errorf("Error while evaluating runs-on: %v", err)
 		return []string{}
 	}
 
-	return job.RunsOn()
+	return model.RunsOnFromNode(rawRunsOn)
 }
 
 func (rc *RunContext) platformImage(ctx context.Context) string {
@@ -753,7 +837,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) isEnabled(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
 	img := rc.platformImage(ctx)
 	if img == "" {
 		for _, platformName := range rc.runsOnPlatformNames(ctx) {
-			l.Infof("\U0001F6A7  Skipping unsupported platform -- Try running with `-P %+v=...`", platformName)
+			l.Infof("Skipping unsupported platform -- Try running with `-P %+v=...`", platformName)
 		}
 		return false, nil
 	}
@@ -1125,12 +1209,9 @@ func (rc *RunContext) handleServiceCredentials(ctx context.Context, creds map[st
 
 // GetServiceBindsAndMounts returns the binds and mounts for the service container, resolving paths as appopriate
 func (rc *RunContext) GetServiceBindsAndMounts(svcVolumes []string) ([]string, map[string]string) {
-	if rc.Config.ContainerDaemonSocket == "" {
-		rc.Config.ContainerDaemonSocket = "/var/run/docker.sock"
-	}
 	binds := []string{}
-	if rc.Config.ContainerDaemonSocket != "-" {
-		daemonPath := getDockerDaemonSocketMountPath(rc.Config.ContainerDaemonSocket)
+	if daemonSocket := rc.containerDaemonSocket(); daemonSocket != "-" {
+		daemonPath := getDockerDaemonSocketMountPath(daemonSocket)
 		binds = append(binds, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", daemonPath, "/var/run/docker.sock"))
 	}
 

act/runner/run_context_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 package runner
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
@@ -12,11 +13,13 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/exprparser"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/model"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	assert "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	require "github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	yaml "go.yaml.in/yaml/v4"
 )
 
@@ -278,6 +281,44 @@ func TestRunContext_GetBindsAndMounts(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestRunContextValidVolumes(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := &RunContext{
+		Name:   "job",
+		Run:    &model.Run{Workflow: &model.Workflow{Name: "wf"}},
+		Config: &Config{ValidVolumes: []string{"my-vol", "/host/path"}},
+	}
+	name := rc.jobContainerName()
+
+	got := rc.validVolumes()
+
+	// the configured volumes plus the four the runner mounts automatically
+	assert.Subset(t, got, []string{"my-vol", "/host/path", "act-toolcache", name, name + "-env", "/var/run/docker.sock"})
+
+	// deriving the list must never mutate or grow the shared Config slice: parallel matrix
+	// combinations share one *Config, and the previous in-place append was a data race.
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"my-vol", "/host/path"}, rc.Config.ValidVolumes)
+	assert.Len(t, rc.validVolumes(), len(got), "repeated calls must be stable, not accumulate")
+}
+
+// TestInterpolateOutputsIsPerMatrixCombo guards the matrix-output fix: combinations share one
+// *model.Job, so each must interpolate from its own pristine snapshot. Otherwise the first
+// combo's resolved value freezes the shared template and later combos can't resolve their own.
+func TestInterpolateOutputsIsPerMatrixCombo(t *testing.T) {
+	job := &model.Job{Outputs: map[string]string{"o": "${{ matrix.v }}"}}
+	run := &model.Run{JobID: "j", Workflow: &model.Workflow{Name: "w", Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"j": job}}}
+	r := &runnerImpl{config: &Config{}}
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	rcA := r.newRunContext(ctx, run, map[string]any{"v": "a"})
+	rcB := r.newRunContext(ctx, run, map[string]any{"v": "b"})
+
+	require.NoError(t, rcA.interpolateOutputs()(ctx))
+	require.NoError(t, rcB.interpolateOutputs()(ctx))
+
+	// Last combo wins (matching GitHub) instead of being frozen to combo A's "a".
+	require.Equal(t, "b", job.Outputs["o"])
+}
+
 func TestGetGitHubContext(t *testing.T) {
 	log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
 
@@ -635,3 +676,75 @@ func TestCreateContainerNameBoundedForLongMatrixInput(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.LessOrEqual(t, len(name+"-network"), 255)
 	assert.LessOrEqual(t, len(name+"-job1234567890"), 255)
 }
+
+func TestPrintStartJobContainerGroupGolden(t *testing.T) {
+	buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	logger := log.New()
+	logger.SetOutput(buf)
+	logger.SetLevel(log.InfoLevel)
+	logger.SetFormatter(&jobLogFormatter{color: cyan})
+	entry := logger.WithFields(log.Fields{"job": "j1"})
+	ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), entry)
+
+	printStartJobContainerGroup(ctx, "node:20", "GITEA-WORKFLOW-build-JOB-test", "gitea-runner-network")()
+
+	want := strings.Join([]string{
+		"[j1]   | ::group::Starting job container",
+		"[j1]   | image: node:20",
+		"[j1]   | name: GITEA-WORKFLOW-build-JOB-test",
+		"[j1]   | network: gitea-runner-network",
+		"[j1]   | ::endgroup::",
+		"",
+	}, "\n")
+	assert.Equal(t, want, buf.String())
+}
+
+func TestRunContext_cleanupFailedStart(t *testing.T) {
+	type ctxKey string
+	const sentinel = ctxKey("sentinel")
+
+	// the fresh context is cancelled via defer on return, so capture state inside the stub
+	type capture struct {
+		calls    int
+		err      error
+		sentinel any
+	}
+	newRC := func(c *capture) *RunContext {
+		return &RunContext{
+			JobName: "job",
+			cleanUpJobContainer: func(ctx context.Context) error {
+				c.calls++
+				c.err = ctx.Err()
+				c.sentinel = ctx.Value(sentinel)
+				return nil
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	t.Run("runs teardown on the live context", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var c capture
+		ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), sentinel, "v")
+
+		newRC(&c).cleanupFailedStart(ctx)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, c.calls)
+		require.NoError(t, c.err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "v", c.sentinel)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("falls back to a fresh context when the input is done", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var c capture
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.WithValue(context.Background(), sentinel, "v"))
+		cancel()
+
+		newRC(&c).cleanupFailedStart(ctx)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, c.calls)
+		require.NoError(t, c.err)
+		assert.Nil(t, c.sentinel)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no-op when there is nothing to clean up", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.NotPanics(t, func() { (&RunContext{}).cleanupFailedStart(context.Background()) })
+	})
+}

act/runner/runner.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"maps"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
 	"sync"
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/model"
 
-	docker_container "github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	docker_container "github.com/moby/moby/api/types/container"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	Actor                              string                       // the user that triggered the event
 	Workdir                            string                       // path to working directory
 	ActionCacheDir                     string                       // path used for caching action contents
-	ActionOfflineMode                  bool                         // when offline, use caching action contents
+	ActionOfflineMode                  bool                         // when offline, use cached action contents
 	BindWorkdir                        bool                         // bind the workdir to the job container
 	EventName                          string                       // name of event to run
 	EventPath                          string                       // path to JSON file to use for event.json in containers
@@ -73,12 +74,14 @@ type Config struct {
 	EventJSON             string                       // the content of JSON file to use for event.json in containers, overrides EventPath
 	ContainerNamePrefix   string                       // the prefix of container name
 	ContainerMaxLifetime  time.Duration                // the max lifetime of job containers
+	CleanWorkdir          bool                         // remove host executor workdir on teardown
 	DefaultActionInstance string                       // the default actions web site
 	PlatformPicker        func(labels []string) string // platform picker, it will take precedence over Platforms if isn't nil
 	JobLoggerLevel        *log.Level                   // the level of job logger
 	ValidVolumes          []string                     // only volumes (and bind mounts) in this slice can be mounted on the job container or service containers
 	InsecureSkipTLS       bool                         // whether to skip verifying TLS certificate of the Gitea instance
 	MaxParallel           int                          // max parallel jobs to run across all workflows (0 = no limit, uses CPU count)
+	AllocatePTY           bool                         // allocate a pseudo-TTY for each step's process
 }
 
 // GetToken: Adapt to Gitea
@@ -90,6 +93,17 @@ func (c Config) GetToken() string {
 	return token
 }
 
+// DefaultActionURL returns the host used for implicit remote actions.
+func (c Config) DefaultActionURL() string {
+	if c.DefaultActionInstance != "" {
+		return c.DefaultActionInstance
+	}
+	if c.GitHubInstance != "" {
+		return c.GitHubInstance
+	}
+	return "github.com"
+}
+
 type caller struct {
 	runContext *RunContext
 
@@ -237,7 +251,14 @@ func (runner *runnerImpl) NewPlanExecutor(plan *model.Plan) common.Executor {
 						return executor(common.WithJobErrorContainer(WithJobLogger(ctx, rc.Run.JobID, jobName, rc.Config, &rc.Masks, matrix)))
 					})
 				}
-				pipeline = append(pipeline, common.NewParallelExecutor(maxParallel, stageExecutor...))
+				// Run all matrix combinations of this job, then drop its aggregation mutex: the
+				// combos are the only users of it, so once they finish the jobMutexes entry can be
+				// released, keeping the map from growing unbounded over a long-lived runner.
+				stageParallel := common.NewParallelExecutor(maxParallel, stageExecutor...)
+				pipeline = append(pipeline, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+					defer jobMutexes.Delete(job)
+					return stageParallel(ctx)
+				})
 			}
 
 			// For pipeline execution:
@@ -321,6 +342,11 @@ func (runner *runnerImpl) newRunContext(ctx context.Context, run *model.Run, mat
 	}
 	rc.ExprEval = rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(ctx)
 	rc.Name = rc.ExprEval.Interpolate(ctx, run.String())
+	// Snapshot the job's pristine output expressions now, before any matrix combo runs and
+	// rewrites the shared Job.Outputs (see interpolateOutputs).
+	if job := run.Job(); job != nil {
+		rc.outputTemplate = maps.Clone(job.Outputs)
+	}
 
 	return rc
 }

act/runner/runner_test.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/model"
@@ -187,13 +188,17 @@ func (j *TestJobFileInfo) runTest(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, cfg *Config
 		EventPath:             cfg.EventPath,
 		Platforms:             j.platforms,
 		ReuseContainers:       false,
+		ForceRebuild:          true,
 		Env:                   cfg.Env,
 		Secrets:               cfg.Secrets,
 		Inputs:                cfg.Inputs,
 		GitHubInstance:        "github.com",
+		DefaultActionInstance: cfg.DefaultActionInstance,
 		ContainerArchitecture: cfg.ContainerArchitecture,
+		ContainerMaxLifetime:  time.Hour,
 		Matrix:                cfg.Matrix,
 		ActionCache:           cfg.ActionCache,
+		ValidVolumes:          []string{"**"}, // allow workflow-declared volumes (e.g. container-volumes)
 	}
 
 	runner, err := New(runnerConfig)
@@ -221,18 +226,14 @@ type TestConfig struct {
 }
 
 func TestRunEvent(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("skipping integration test")
-	}
+	requireDocker(t)
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
 	tables := []TestJobFileInfo{
 		// Shells
 		{workdir, "shells/defaults", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "shells/pwsh", "push", "", map[string]string{"ubuntu-latest": "catthehacker/ubuntu:pwsh-latest"}, secrets}, // custom image with pwsh
 		{workdir, "shells/bash", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "shells/python", "push", "", map[string]string{"ubuntu-latest": "node:24-bookworm"}, secrets}, // slim doesn't have python
 		{workdir, "shells/sh", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 
 		// Local action
@@ -244,11 +245,6 @@ func TestRunEvent(t *testing.T) {
 		// Uses
 		{workdir, "uses-composite", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "uses-composite-with-error", "push", "Job 'failing-composite-action' failed", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "uses-nested-composite", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "remote-action-composite-js-pre-with-defaults", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "remote-action-composite-action-ref", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "uses-workflow", "push", "", platforms, map[string]string{"secret": "keep_it_private"}},
-		{workdir, "uses-workflow", "pull_request", "", platforms, map[string]string{"secret": "keep_it_private"}},
 		{workdir, "uses-docker-url", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "act-composite-env-test", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 
@@ -258,21 +254,15 @@ func TestRunEvent(t *testing.T) {
 		{workdir, "evalmatrixneeds2", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "evalmatrix-merge-map", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "evalmatrix-merge-array", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "issue-1195", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 
 		{workdir, "basic", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "fail", "push", "exit with `FAILURE`: 1", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "runs-on", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "checkout", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "job-container", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "job-container-non-root", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "job-container-invalid-credentials", "push", "failed to handle credentials: failed to interpolate container.credentials.password", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "container-hostname", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "remote-action-docker", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "remote-action-js", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "remote-action-js-node-user", "push", "", platforms, secrets}, // Test if this works with non root container
 		{workdir, "matrix", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "matrix-include-exclude", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "matrix-exitcode", "push", "Job 'test' failed", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "commands", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "workdir", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
@@ -293,7 +283,6 @@ func TestRunEvent(t *testing.T) {
 		{workdir, "job-status-check", "push", "job 'fail' failed", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "if-expressions", "push", "Job 'mytest' failed", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "actions-environment-and-context-tests", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "uses-action-with-pre-and-post-step", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "evalenv", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "docker-action-custom-path", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "GITHUB_ENV-use-in-env-ctx", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
@@ -304,7 +293,6 @@ func TestRunEvent(t *testing.T) {
 		{workdir, "workflow_dispatch-scalar", "workflow_dispatch", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "workflow_dispatch-scalar-composite-action", "workflow_dispatch", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "job-needs-context-contains-result", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-		{"../model/testdata", "strategy", "push", "", platforms, secrets}, // TODO: move all testdata into pkg so we can validate it with planner and runner
 		{"../model/testdata", "container-volumes", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "path-handling", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "do-not-leak-step-env-in-composite", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
@@ -314,7 +302,6 @@ func TestRunEvent(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// services
 		{workdir, "services", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "services-host-network", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "services-with-container", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 
 		// local remote action overrides
@@ -323,6 +310,11 @@ func TestRunEvent(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, table := range tables {
 		t.Run(table.workflowPath, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if table.workflowPath == "container-volumes" {
+				// host /proc bind mounts are Linux-Docker-only
+				requireLinuxDocker(t)
+			}
+
 			config := &Config{
 				Secrets: table.secrets,
 			}
@@ -354,9 +346,12 @@ func TestRunEvent(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRunEventHostEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("skipping integration test")
-	}
+	// Runs steps directly on the host (the "-self-hosted" platform), so it needs the shells
+	// and tools the workflows invoke. No network gate: every action these workflows reference
+	// is a local `./` fixture or the skipped actions/checkout, so the suite runs offline (same
+	// as TestRunEvent). Only the broadly-used interpreters are required up front; the pwsh- and
+	// nix-specific cases gate on their own tool below so a missing pwsh/nix skips just those.
+	requireHostTools(t, "bash", "node")
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
@@ -372,7 +367,6 @@ func TestRunEventHostEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
 			{workdir, "shells/defaults", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 			{workdir, "shells/pwsh", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 			{workdir, "shells/bash", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-			{workdir, "shells/python", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 			{workdir, "shells/sh", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 
 			// Local action
@@ -381,7 +375,6 @@ func TestRunEventHostEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
 			// Uses
 			{workdir, "uses-composite", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 			{workdir, "uses-composite-with-error", "push", "Job 'failing-composite-action' failed", platforms, secrets},
-			{workdir, "uses-nested-composite", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 			{workdir, "act-composite-env-test", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 
 			// Eval
@@ -390,14 +383,10 @@ func TestRunEventHostEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
 			{workdir, "evalmatrixneeds2", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 			{workdir, "evalmatrix-merge-map", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 			{workdir, "evalmatrix-merge-array", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-			{workdir, "issue-1195", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 
 			{workdir, "fail", "push", "exit with `FAILURE`: 1", platforms, secrets},
-			{workdir, "runs-on", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 			{workdir, "checkout", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-			{workdir, "remote-action-js", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 			{workdir, "matrix", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-			{workdir, "matrix-include-exclude", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 			{workdir, "commands", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 			{workdir, "defaults-run", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 			{workdir, "composite-fail-with-output", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
@@ -411,7 +400,6 @@ func TestRunEventHostEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
 			{workdir, "steps-context/outcome", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 			{workdir, "job-status-check", "push", "job 'fail' failed", platforms, secrets},
 			{workdir, "if-expressions", "push", "Job 'mytest' failed", platforms, secrets},
-			{workdir, "uses-action-with-pre-and-post-step", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 			{workdir, "evalenv", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 			{workdir, "ensure-post-steps", "push", "Job 'second-post-step-should-fail' failed", platforms, secrets},
 		}...)
@@ -444,24 +432,26 @@ func TestRunEventHostEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, table := range tables {
 		t.Run(table.workflowPath, func(t *testing.T) {
+			switch table.workflowPath {
+			case "shells/pwsh":
+				requireHostTools(t, "pwsh")
+			case "nix-prepend-path":
+				requireHostTools(t, "nix")
+			}
 			table.runTest(ctx, t, &Config{})
 		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestDryrunEvent(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("skipping integration test")
-	}
-
+	// Dryrun plans without containers or network (shells and local actions only).
 	ctx := common.WithDryrun(context.Background(), true)
 
 	tables := []TestJobFileInfo{
 		// Shells
 		{workdir, "shells/defaults", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "shells/pwsh", "push", "", map[string]string{"ubuntu-latest": "catthehacker/ubuntu:pwsh-latest"}, secrets}, // custom image with pwsh
+		{workdir, "shells/pwsh", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "shells/bash", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
-		{workdir, "shells/python", "push", "", map[string]string{"ubuntu-latest": "node:24-bookworm"}, secrets}, // slim doesn't have python
 		{workdir, "shells/sh", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 
 		// Local action
@@ -478,10 +468,18 @@ func TestDryrunEvent(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestReusableWorkflowCaller exercises the reusable-workflow caller path against a local
+// reusable workflow (typed inputs, secrets as both a map and `inherit`, and reading the called
+// workflow's outputs via `needs`).
+func TestReusableWorkflowCaller(t *testing.T) {
+	requireDocker(t)
+	table := TestJobFileInfo{workdir, "uses-workflow", "push", "", platforms, map[string]string{"secret": "keep_it_private"}}
+	table.runTest(context.Background(), t, &Config{Secrets: table.secrets})
+}
+
 func TestDockerActionForcePullForceRebuild(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("skipping integration test")
-	}
+	requireDocker(t)
+	requireNetwork(t) // force-pulls a docker action image
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
@@ -502,22 +500,6 @@ func TestDockerActionForcePullForceRebuild(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestRunDifferentArchitecture(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("skipping integration test")
-	}
-
-	tjfi := TestJobFileInfo{
-		workdir:      workdir,
-		workflowPath: "basic",
-		eventName:    "push",
-		errorMessage: "",
-		platforms:    platforms,
-	}
-
-	tjfi.runTest(context.Background(), t, &Config{ContainerArchitecture: "linux/arm64"})
-}
-
 type maskJobLoggerFactory struct {
 	Output bytes.Buffer
 }
@@ -538,9 +520,7 @@ func TestMaskValues(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.False(t, strings.Contains(text, "composite secret")) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 	}
 
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("skipping integration test")
-	}
+	requireDocker(t)
 
 	log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
 
@@ -561,9 +541,7 @@ func TestMaskValues(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRunEventSecrets(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("skipping integration test")
-	}
+	requireDocker(t)
 	workflowPath := "secrets"
 
 	tjfi := TestJobFileInfo{
@@ -583,9 +561,7 @@ func TestRunEventSecrets(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRunWithService(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("skipping integration test")
-	}
+	requireDocker(t)
 
 	log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
 	ctx := context.Background()
@@ -601,10 +577,11 @@ func TestRunWithService(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, err, workflowPath) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 
 	runnerConfig := &Config{
-		Workdir:         workdir,
-		EventName:       eventName,
-		Platforms:       platforms,
-		ReuseContainers: false,
+		Workdir:              workdir,
+		EventName:            eventName,
+		Platforms:            platforms,
+		ReuseContainers:      false,
+		ContainerMaxLifetime: time.Hour, // otherwise the job container is `sleep 0` and exits at once
 	}
 	runner, err := New(runnerConfig)
 	assert.NoError(t, err, workflowPath) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
@@ -620,9 +597,7 @@ func TestRunWithService(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRunActionInputs(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("skipping integration test")
-	}
+	requireDocker(t)
 	workflowPath := "input-from-cli"
 
 	tjfi := TestJobFileInfo{
@@ -641,9 +616,7 @@ func TestRunActionInputs(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRunEventPullRequest(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("skipping integration test")
-	}
+	requireDocker(t)
 
 	workflowPath := "pull-request"
 
@@ -659,9 +632,7 @@ func TestRunEventPullRequest(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRunMatrixWithUserDefinedInclusions(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("skipping integration test")
-	}
+	requireDocker(t)
 	workflowPath := "matrix-with-user-inclusions"
 
 	tjfi := TestJobFileInfo{

act/runner/step_action_remote.go

@@ -113,9 +113,10 @@ func (sar *stepActionRemote) prepareActionExecutor() common.Executor {
 		}
 
 		actionDir := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", sar.RunContext.ActionCacheDir(), sar.Step.UsesHash())
-		token := getGitCloneToken(sar.getRunContext().Config, sar.remoteAction.CloneURL(sar.RunContext.Config.DefaultActionInstance))
+		defaultActionURL := sar.RunContext.Config.DefaultActionURL()
+		token := getGitCloneToken(sar.getRunContext().Config, sar.remoteAction.CloneURL(defaultActionURL))
 		gitClone := stepActionRemoteNewCloneExecutor(git.NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
-			URL:         sar.remoteAction.CloneURL(sar.RunContext.Config.DefaultActionInstance),
+			URL:         sar.remoteAction.CloneURL(defaultActionURL),
 			Ref:         sar.remoteAction.Ref,
 			Dir:         actionDir,
 			Token:       token,
@@ -145,6 +146,7 @@ func (sar *stepActionRemote) prepareActionExecutor() common.Executor {
 		return common.NewPipelineExecutor(
 			ntErr,
 			func(ctx context.Context) error {
+				defer git.AcquireCloneLock(actionDir)()
 				actionModel, err := sar.readAction(ctx, sar.Step, actionDir, sar.remoteAction.Path, remoteReader(ctx), os.WriteFile)
 				sar.action = actionModel
 				return err
@@ -273,7 +275,7 @@ func (sar *stepActionRemote) cloneSkipTLS() bool {
 	if sar.remoteAction.URL == "" {
 		// Empty URL means the default action instance should be used
 		// Return true if the URL of the Gitea instance is the same as the URL of the default action instance
-		return sar.RunContext.Config.DefaultActionInstance == sar.RunContext.Config.GitHubInstance
+		return sar.RunContext.Config.DefaultActionURL() == sar.RunContext.Config.GitHubInstance
 	}
 	// Return true if the URL of the remote action is the same as the URL of the Gitea instance
 	return sar.remoteAction.URL == sar.RunContext.Config.GitHubInstance
@@ -289,7 +291,9 @@ type remoteAction struct {
 
 func (ra *remoteAction) CloneURL(u string) string {
 	if ra.URL == "" {
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(u, "http://") && !strings.HasPrefix(u, "https://") {
+		// keep an absolute local path as-is (used by tests to resolve actions from a local
+		// repo); only bare host names get the https:// scheme prepended
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(u, "http://") && !strings.HasPrefix(u, "https://") && !filepath.IsAbs(u) {
 			u = "https://" + u
 		}
 	} else {

act/runner/step_action_remote_test.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/mock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v4"
 )
 
@@ -434,6 +435,57 @@ func TestStepActionRemotePreThroughActionToken(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestStepActionRemoteUsesGitHubInstanceWhenDefaultActionInstanceEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	var actualURL string
+	sarm := &stepActionRemoteMocks{}
+
+	origStepAtionRemoteNewCloneExecutor := stepActionRemoteNewCloneExecutor
+	stepActionRemoteNewCloneExecutor = func(input git.NewGitCloneExecutorInput) common.Executor {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			actualURL = input.URL
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		stepActionRemoteNewCloneExecutor = origStepAtionRemoteNewCloneExecutor
+	}()
+
+	sar := &stepActionRemote{
+		Step: &model.Step{
+			Uses: "actions/setup-go@v4",
+		},
+		RunContext: &RunContext{
+			Config: &Config{
+				GitHubInstance:        "gitea.example",
+				DefaultActionInstance: "",
+				ActionCacheDir:        t.TempDir(),
+			},
+			Run: &model.Run{
+				JobID: "1",
+				Workflow: &model.Workflow{
+					Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{
+						"1": {},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		readAction: sarm.readAction,
+	}
+
+	suffixMatcher := func(suffix string) any {
+		return mock.MatchedBy(func(actionDir string) bool {
+			return strings.HasSuffix(actionDir, suffix)
+		})
+	}
+	sarm.On("readAction", sar.Step, suffixMatcher(sar.Step.UsesHash()), "", mock.Anything, mock.Anything).Return(&model.Action{}, nil)
+
+	require.NoError(t, sar.prepareActionExecutor()(ctx))
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://gitea.example/actions/setup-go", actualURL)
+	sarm.AssertExpectations(t)
+}
+
 func TestStepActionRemotePost(t *testing.T) {
 	table := []struct {
 		name               string

act/runner/step_docker.go

@@ -138,7 +138,8 @@ func (sd *stepDocker) newStepContainer(ctx context.Context, image string, cmd, e
 		UsernsMode:   rc.Config.UsernsMode,
 		Platform:     rc.Config.ContainerArchitecture,
 		AutoRemove:   rc.Config.AutoRemove,
-		ValidVolumes: rc.Config.ValidVolumes,
+		ValidVolumes: rc.validVolumes(),
+		AllocatePTY:  rc.Config.AllocatePTY,
 	})
 	return stepContainer
 }

act/runner/step_docker_test.go

@@ -109,6 +109,55 @@ func TestStepDockerMain(t *testing.T) {
 	cm.AssertExpectations(t)
 }
 
+func TestStepDockerNewStepContainerAllocatePTY(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name     string
+		allocPTY bool
+	}{
+		{name: "off", allocPTY: false},
+		{name: "on", allocPTY: true},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cm := &containerMock{}
+
+			var captured *container.NewContainerInput
+			origContainerNewContainer := ContainerNewContainer
+			ContainerNewContainer = func(input *container.NewContainerInput) container.ExecutionsEnvironment {
+				captured = input
+				return cm
+			}
+			defer func() {
+				ContainerNewContainer = origContainerNewContainer
+			}()
+
+			ctx := context.Background()
+			sd := &stepDocker{
+				RunContext: &RunContext{
+					StepResults: map[string]*model.StepResult{},
+					Config: &Config{
+						AllocatePTY: tc.allocPTY,
+						PlatformPicker: func(_ []string) string {
+							return "node:14"
+						},
+					},
+					Run: &model.Run{
+						JobID: "1",
+						Workflow: &model.Workflow{
+							Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"1": {}},
+						},
+					},
+					JobContainer: cm,
+				},
+				Step: &model.Step{ID: "1", Uses: "docker://node:14"},
+			}
+			sd.RunContext.ExprEval = sd.RunContext.NewExpressionEvaluator(ctx)
+
+			_ = sd.newStepContainer(ctx, "node:14", []string{"echo", "hi"}, nil)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.allocPTY, captured.AllocatePTY)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestStepDockerPrePost(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	sd := &stepDocker{}

act/runner/testdata/.github/workflows/local-reusable-workflow.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+name: local-reusable-workflow
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      string_required:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      bool_required:
+        required: true
+        type: boolean
+      number_required:
+        required: true
+        type: number
+    secrets:
+      secret:
+        required: true
+    outputs:
+      output:
+        value: ${{ jobs.reusable.outputs.output }}
+
+jobs:
+  reusable:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      output: ${{ steps.gen.outputs.output }}
+    steps:
+      - name: check inputs and secret arrived
+        run: |
+          [ "${{ inputs.string_required }}" = "string" ]
+          [ "${{ inputs.bool_required }}" = "true" ]
+          [ "${{ inputs.number_required }}" = "1" ]
+          [ "${{ secrets.secret }}" = "keep_it_private" ]
+      - id: gen
+        run: echo "output=${{ inputs.string_required }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT

act/runner/testdata/GITHUB_ENV-use-in-env-ctx/push.yml

@@ -5,10 +5,11 @@ jobs:
     env:
       MYGLOBALENV3: myglobalval3
     steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - run: |
         echo MYGLOBALENV1=myglobalval1 > $GITHUB_ENV
         echo "::set-env name=MYGLOBALENV2::myglobalval2"
-    - uses: nektos/act-test-actions/script@main
+    - uses: ./actions/script
       with:
         main: |
           env

act/runner/testdata/GITHUB_STATE/push.yml

@@ -1,48 +1,31 @@
 on: push
 jobs:
+  # State saved in main (via the $GITHUB_STATE file and the ::save-state command) must surface
+  # as $STATE_* in the action's post step.
   _:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: nektos/act-test-actions/script@main
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: ./actions/script
       with:
-        pre: |
-          env
-          echo mystate0=mystateval > $GITHUB_STATE
-          echo "::save-state name=mystate1::mystateval"
         main: |
-          env
           echo mystate2=mystateval > $GITHUB_STATE
           echo "::save-state name=mystate3::mystateval"
         post: |
-          env
-          [ "$STATE_mystate0" = "mystateval" ]
-          [ "$STATE_mystate1" = "mystateval" ]
           [ "$STATE_mystate2" = "mystateval" ]
           [ "$STATE_mystate3" = "mystateval" ]
+  # State must be isolated per action instance even when two steps use the same action.
   test-id-collision-bug:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: nektos/act-test-actions/script@main
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: ./actions/script
       id: script
       with:
-        pre: |
-          env
-          echo mystate0=mystateval > $GITHUB_STATE
-          echo "::save-state name=mystate1::mystateval"
-        main: |
-          env
-          echo mystate2=mystateval > $GITHUB_STATE
-          echo "::save-state name=mystate3::mystateval"
-        post: |
-          env
-          [ "$STATE_mystate0" = "mystateval" ]
-          [ "$STATE_mystate1" = "mystateval" ]
-          [ "$STATE_mystate2" = "mystateval" ]
-          [ "$STATE_mystate3" = "mystateval" ]
-    - uses: nektos/act-test-actions/script@main
+        main: echo mystate=val1 > $GITHUB_STATE
+        post: '[ "$STATE_mystate" = "val1" ]'
+    - uses: ./actions/script
       id: pre-script
       with:
-        main: |
-          env
-          echo mystate0=mystateerror > $GITHUB_STATE
-          echo "::save-state name=mystate1::mystateerror"
+        main: echo mystate=val2 > $GITHUB_STATE
+        post: '[ "$STATE_mystate" = "val2" ]'

act/runner/testdata/actions-environment-and-context-tests/docker/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM alpine:3
+FROM alpine:3.23
 
 COPY entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh
 

act/runner/testdata/actions-environment-and-context-tests/push.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,3 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - uses: './actions-environment-and-context-tests/js'
       - uses: './actions-environment-and-context-tests/docker'
-      - uses: 'nektos/act-test-actions/js@main'
-      - uses: 'nektos/act-test-actions/docker@main'
-      - uses: 'nektos/act-test-actions/docker-file@main'
-      - uses: 'nektos/act-test-actions/docker-relative-context/action@main'

act/runner/testdata/actions/node24/action.yml

@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ outputs:
     description: 'The time we greeted you'
 runs:
   using: 'node24'
-  main: 'dist/index.js'
+  main: 'index.js'

act/runner/testdata/actions/node24/index.js

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
-import {getInput, setOutput, setFailed} from '@actions/core';
-import {context} from '@actions/github';
+import {appendFileSync, readFileSync} from 'node:fs';
 
-try {
-  const nameToGreet = getInput('who-to-greet');
-  console.log(`Hello ${nameToGreet}!`);
-  setOutput('time', (new Date()).toTimeString());
-  console.log(`The event payload: ${JSON.stringify(context.payload, undefined, 2)}`);
-} catch (error) {
-  setFailed(error.message);
+const nameToGreet = process.env['INPUT_WHO-TO-GREET'] || 'World';
+console.log(`Hello ${nameToGreet}!`);
+
+if (process.env.GITHUB_OUTPUT) {
+  appendFileSync(process.env.GITHUB_OUTPUT, `time=${new Date().toTimeString()}\n`);
 }
+
+let payload = {};
+if (process.env.GITHUB_EVENT_PATH) {
+  payload = JSON.parse(readFileSync(process.env.GITHUB_EVENT_PATH, 'utf8'));
+}
+console.log(`The event payload: ${JSON.stringify(payload, undefined, 2)}`);

act/runner/testdata/actions/node24/package.json

@@ -1,21 +1,5 @@
 {
   "name": "node24",
-  "version": "1.0.0",
-  "description": "",
-  "main": "index.js",
-  "type": "module",
-  "scripts": {
-    "build": "ncc build index.js"
-  },
-  "license": "ISC",
-  "dependencies": {
-    "@actions/core": "^3.0.1",
-    "@actions/github": "^9.1.1"
-  },
-  "devDependencies": {
-    "@vercel/ncc": "^0.38.4"
-  },
-  "engines": {
-    "node": ">=24"
-  }
+  "private": true,
+  "type": "module"
 }

act/runner/testdata/actions/script/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+name: 'script'
+description: 'Run the shell scripts passed as inputs across the pre/main/post lifecycle'
+inputs:
+  main:
+    description: 'shell script to run in the main step'
+    required: false
+    default: ''
+  post:
+    description: 'shell script to run in the post step'
+    required: false
+    default: ''
+runs:
+  using: 'node24'
+  main: 'index.js'
+  post: 'post.js'

act/runner/testdata/actions/script/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import {execFileSync} from 'node:child_process';
+
+// Run the `main` input as a bash script; its stdout (workflow commands like
+// ::set-output / ::save-state) and $GITHUB_ENV / $GITHUB_STATE writes are
+// processed by the runner, exactly like the remote script action this replaces.
+const script = process.env.INPUT_MAIN;
+if (script) {
+  execFileSync('bash', ['-eo', 'pipefail', '-c', script], {stdio: 'inherit'});
+}

act/runner/testdata/actions/script/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "name": "script",
+  "private": true,
+  "type": "module"
+}

act/runner/testdata/actions/script/post.js

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import {execFileSync} from 'node:child_process';
+
+const script = process.env.INPUT_POST;
+if (script) {
+  execFileSync('bash', ['-eo', 'pipefail', '-c', script], {stdio: 'inherit'});
+}

act/runner/testdata/docker-action-custom-path/push.yml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
     - run: |
-        FROM ubuntu:latest
+        FROM node:24-bookworm-slim
         ENV PATH="/opt/texlive/texdir/bin/x86_64-linuxmusl:${PATH}"
         ENV ORG_PATH="${PATH}"
         ENTRYPOINT [ "bash", "-c", "echo \"PATH=$PATH\" && echo \"ORG_PATH=$ORG_PATH\" && [[ \"$PATH\" = \"$ORG_PATH\" ]]" ]

act/runner/testdata/issue-1195/push.yml

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-on: push
-
-env:
-  variable: "${{ github.repository_owner }}"
-
-jobs:
-  test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: print env.variable
-        run: |
-          echo ${{ env.variable }}
-          exit ${{ (env.variable == 'nektos') && '0' || '1'}}

act/runner/testdata/issue-597/spelling.yaml

@@ -9,24 +9,13 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: My first false step
         if: "endsWith('Should not', 'o1')"
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2.0.0
-        with:
-          ref: refs/pull/${{github.event.pull_request.number}}/merge
-          fetch-depth: 5
+        run: exit 1
       - name: My first true step
         if: ${{endsWith('Hello world', 'ld')}}
-        uses: actions/hello-world-javascript-action@main
-        with:
-          who-to-greet: "Renst the Octocat"
+        run: echo "Renst the Octocat"
       - name: My second false step
         if: "endsWith('Should not evaluate', 'o2')"
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2.0.0
-        with:
-          ref: refs/pull/${{github.event.pull_request.number}}/merge
-          fetch-depth: 5
+        run: exit 1
       - name: My third false step
         if: ${{endsWith('Should not evaluate', 'o3')}}
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2.0.0
-        with:
-          ref: refs/pull/${{github.event.pull_request.number}}/merge
-          fetch-depth: 5
+        run: exit 1

act/runner/testdata/issue-598/spelling.yml

@@ -1,31 +1,21 @@
 name: issue-598
 on: push
-  
+
 
 jobs:
   my_first_job:
-    
+
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: My first false step
         if: "endsWith('Hello world', 'o1')"
-        uses: actions/hello-world-javascript-action@main
-        with:
-          who-to-greet: 'Mona the Octocat'
+        run: exit 1
       - name: My first true step
         if: "!endsWith('Hello world', 'od')"
-        uses: actions/hello-world-javascript-action@main
-        with:
-          who-to-greet: "Renst the Octocat"
+        run: echo "Renst the Octocat"
       - name: My second false step
         if: "endsWith('Hello world', 'o2')"
-        uses: actions/hello-world-javascript-action@main
-        with:
-          who-to-greet: 'Act the Octocat'
+        run: exit 1
       - name: My third false step
         if: "endsWith('Hello world', 'o2')"
-        uses: actions/hello-world-javascript-action@main
-        with:
-          who-to-greet: 'Git the Octocat'
-           
-           
+        run: exit 1

act/runner/testdata/job-container-non-root/push.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ jobs:
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     container:
-      image: catthehacker/ubuntu:runner-latest # image with user 'runner:runner' built on tag 'act-latest'
+      image: node:24-bookworm-slim
+      options: --user 1000
     steps:
       - run: echo PASS

act/runner/testdata/local-action-dockerfile/push.yml

@@ -24,4 +24,3 @@ jobs:
         args: ${{format('"{0}"', 'Mona is not the Octocat') }}
         who-to-greet: 'Mona the Octocat'
     - run: '[[ "${{ env.SOMEVAR }}" == "Mona is not the Octocat" ]]'
-    - uses: ./localdockerimagetest_

act/runner/testdata/local-action-via-composite-dockerfile/action.yml

@@ -30,11 +30,6 @@ runs:
       who-to-greet: ${{inputs.who-to-greet}}
   - run: '[[ "${{ env.SOMEVAR }}" == "Mona is not the Octocat" ]]'
     shell: bash
-  - uses: ./localdockerimagetest_
-  # Also test a remote docker action here
-  - uses: actions/hello-world-docker-action@v2
-    with:
-      who-to-greet: 'Mona the Octocat'
   # Test if GITHUB_ACTION_PATH is set correctly after all steps
   - run: stat $GITHUB_ACTION_PATH/push.yml
     shell: bash

act/runner/testdata/local-remote-action-overrides/push.yml

@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: nektos/test-override@a
+      - uses: https://github.com/nektos/test-override@a
       - uses: nektos/test-override@b

act/runner/testdata/matrix-include-exclude/push.yml

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-name: matrix-include-exclude
-on: push
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    name: PHP ${{ matrix.os }} ${{ matrix.node}}
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    steps:
-      - run: echo ${NODE_VERSION} | grep ${{ matrix.node }}
-        env:
-          NODE_VERSION: ${{ matrix.node }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-18.04, macos-latest]
-        node: [4, 6, 8, 10]
-        exclude:
-          - os: macos-latest
-            node: 4
-        include:
-          - os: ubuntu-16.04
-            node: 10
-
-  test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        node: [8.x, 10.x, 12.x, 13.x]
-    steps:
-      - run: echo ${NODE_VERSION} | grep ${{ matrix.node }}
-        env:
-          NODE_VERSION: ${{ matrix.node }}

act/runner/testdata/no-panic-on-invalid-composite-action/push.yml

@@ -18,12 +18,4 @@ jobs:
         runs:
           using: composite
       shell: cp {0} action.yml
-    - uses: ./
-  remote-invalid-step:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: nektos/act-test-actions/invalid-composite-action/invalid-step@main
-  remote-missing-steps:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: nektos/act-test-actions/invalid-composite-action/missing-steps@main
+    - uses: ./

act/runner/testdata/path-handling/push.yml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
             exit 1
           fi
 
-      - uses: nektos/act-test-actions/composite@main
+      - uses: ./path-handling/
         with:
           input: some input
 

act/runner/testdata/remote-action-composite-action-ref/push.yml

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-name: remote-action-composite-action-ref
-on: push
-
-jobs:
-  test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: nektos/act-test-actions/composite-assert-action-ref-action@main

act/runner/testdata/remote-action-composite-js-pre-with-defaults/push.yml

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-name: remote-action-composite-js-pre-with-defaults
-on: push
-
-jobs:
-  test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: nektos/act-test-actions/composite-js-pre-with-defaults/js@main
-      with:
-        in: nix
-    - uses: nektos/act-test-actions/composite-js-pre-with-defaults@main
-      with:
-        in: secretval
-    - uses: nektos/act-test-actions/composite-js-pre-with-defaults@main
-      with:
-        in: secretval
-    - uses: nektos/act-test-actions/composite-js-pre-with-defaults/js@main
-      with:
-        pre: "true"
-        in: nix
-    - uses: nektos/act-test-actions/composite-js-pre-with-defaults/js@main
-      with:
-        in: nix

act/runner/testdata/remote-action-docker/push.yml

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-name: remote-action-docker
-on: push
-
-jobs:
-  test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/hello-world-docker-action@v1
-      with:
-        who-to-greet: 'Mona the Octocat'

act/runner/testdata/remote-action-js-node-user/push.yml

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-name: remote-action-js
-on: push
-
-jobs:
-  test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container:
-      image: node:24-bookworm-slim
-      options: --user node
-    steps:
-    - name: check permissions of env files
-      id: test
-      run: |
-        echo "USER: $(id -un) expected: node"
-        [[ "$(id -un)" = "node" ]]
-        echo "TEST=Value" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-      shell: bash
-
-    - name: check if file command worked
-      if: steps.test.outputs.test != 'Value'
-      run: |
-        echo "steps.test.outputs.test=${{ steps.test.outputs.test || 'missing value!' }}"
-        exit 1
-      shell: bash
-
-    - uses: actions/hello-world-javascript-action@v1
-      with:
-        who-to-greet: 'Mona the Octocat'
-
-    - uses: cloudposse/actions/github/slash-command-dispatch@0.14.0