fix: skip service containers with an empty image (#1074)

GitHub Actions skips services whose image evaluates to an empty string, enabling conditional services via expressions like `image: ${{ matrix.image || '' }}`. Here such a service failed the job at `docker create`. Skip them before container creation, using GitHub's log message verbatim, and add a regression test.

Reviewed-on: https://gitea.com/gitea/runner/pulls/1074
Reviewed-by: Nicolas <bircni@icloud.com>
Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>

.gitea/workflows/test.yml

@@ -42,3 +42,7 @@ jobs:
       # after `make test` so the images it needs are already present on the host daemon.
       - name: test against dind image
         run: make test-dind
+      - name: coverage report
+        run: |
+          make coverage-report
+          cat .tmp/coverage.md >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"

.gitignore

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 !/act/runner/testdata/secrets/.env
 .runner
 coverage.txt
+.tmp/
 /config.yaml
 
 # Jetbrains
@@ -12,3 +13,4 @@ coverage.txt
 __debug_bin
 # gorelease binary folder
 /dist
+.DS_Store

Dockerfile

@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ RUN make clean && make build
 ### DIND VARIANT
 #
 #
-FROM docker:29.6.0-dind AS dind
+FROM docker:29.6.1-dind AS dind
 
 ARG VERSION=dev
 
 LABEL org.opencontainers.image.source="https://gitea.com/gitea/runner"
 LABEL org.opencontainers.image.version="${VERSION}"
 
-RUN apk add --no-cache s6 bash git tzdata
+RUN apk add --no-cache s6 bash git tzdata nftables
 
 COPY --from=builder /opt/src/runner/gitea-runner /usr/local/bin/gitea-runner
 COPY scripts/run.sh /usr/local/bin/run.sh
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ ENTRYPOINT ["s6-svscan","/etc/s6"]
 ### DIND-ROOTLESS VARIANT
 #
 #
-FROM docker:29.6.0-dind-rootless AS dind-rootless
+FROM docker:29.6.1-dind-rootless AS dind-rootless
 
 ARG VERSION=dev
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ LABEL org.opencontainers.image.source="https://gitea.com/gitea/runner"
 LABEL org.opencontainers.image.version="${VERSION}"
 
 USER root
-RUN apk add --no-cache s6 bash git tzdata
+RUN apk add --no-cache s6 bash git tzdata nftables
 
 COPY --from=builder /opt/src/runner/gitea-runner /usr/local/bin/gitea-runner
 COPY scripts/run.sh /usr/local/bin/run.sh

Makefile

@@ -38,12 +38,15 @@ endif
 ifeq ($(OS), Windows_NT)
 	GOFLAGS := -v -buildmode=exe
 	EXECUTABLE ?= $(EXECUTABLE).exe
+	GO_ENV_WINDOWS := set GOOS=windows&&
 else ifeq ($(OS), Windows)
 	GOFLAGS := -v -buildmode=exe
 	EXECUTABLE ?= $(EXECUTABLE).exe
+	GO_ENV_WINDOWS := set GOOS=windows&&
 else
 	GOFLAGS := -v
 	EXECUTABLE ?= $(EXECUTABLE)
+	GO_ENV_WINDOWS := GOOS=windows
 endif
 
 STORED_VERSION_FILE := VERSION
@@ -108,12 +111,17 @@ deps-tools: ## install tool dependencies
 	wait
 
 .PHONY: lint
-lint: lint-go ## lint everything
+lint: lint-go lint-go-windows ## lint everything
 
 .PHONY: lint-go
 lint-go: ## lint go files
 	$(GO) run $(GOLANGCI_LINT_PACKAGE) run
 
+.PHONY: lint-go-windows
+lint-go-windows: ## lint Windows go files
+	$(GO) install $(GOLANGCI_LINT_PACKAGE)
+	$(GO_ENV_WINDOWS) golangci-lint run
+
 .PHONY: lint-go-fix
 lint-go-fix: ## lint go files and fix issues
 	$(GO) run $(GOLANGCI_LINT_PACKAGE) run --fix
@@ -143,6 +151,12 @@ tidy-check: tidy
 test: fmt-check security-check ## test everything (integration tests self-skip without docker/network)
 	@$(GO) test -race -timeout 20m -v -cover -coverprofile coverage.txt ./... && echo "\n==>\033[32m Ok\033[m\n" || exit 1
 
+.PHONY: coverage-report
+coverage-report: ## turn coverage.txt from `make test` into .tmp/coverage.md
+	@mkdir -p .tmp
+	@node ./tools/coverage-report.ts -i coverage.txt -o .tmp/coverage.md
+	@echo "Wrote .tmp/coverage.md"
+
 .PHONY: test-dind
 test-dind: ## run the daemon-facing tests against the built dind image (TARGET=dind|dind-rootless)
 	@./scripts/test-dind.sh $(TARGET)
@@ -210,7 +224,7 @@ docker: ## build the docker image
 .PHONY: clean
 clean: ## delete binary and coverage files
 	$(GO) clean -x -i ./...
-	rm -rf coverage.txt $(EXECUTABLE) $(DIST)
+	rm -rf coverage.txt .tmp $(EXECUTABLE) $(DIST)
 
 .PHONY: version
 version: ## print the version

act/artifacts/server_test.go

@@ -390,6 +390,43 @@ func TestMkdirFsImplSafeResolve(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestReadWriteFSWritableAndAppendable(t *testing.T) {
+	fsys := readWriteFSImpl{}
+	name := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "nested", "artifact.txt")
+
+	w, err := fsys.OpenWritable(name)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = w.Write([]byte("first"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, w.Close())
+
+	w, err = fsys.OpenAppendable(name)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = w.Write([]byte("-second"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, w.Close())
+
+	got, err := os.ReadFile(name)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "first-second", string(got))
+
+	w, err = fsys.OpenWritable(name)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = w.Write([]byte("replaced"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, w.Close())
+
+	got, err = os.ReadFile(name)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "replaced", string(got))
+}
+
+func TestServeEmptyArtifactPathReturnsCancelableNoop(t *testing.T) {
+	cancel := Serve(t.Context(), "", "127.0.0.1", "0")
+	require.NotNil(t, cancel)
+	cancel()
+}
+
 func TestDownloadArtifactFileUnsafePath(t *testing.T) {
 	assert := assert.New(t)
 

act/common/context_helpers_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package common
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+func TestDryrunContext(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	if Dryrun(ctx) {
+		t.Fatal("plain context should not be dryrun")
+	}
+	if !Dryrun(WithDryrun(ctx, true)) {
+		t.Fatal("WithDryrun(true) should set dryrun")
+	}
+	if Dryrun(WithDryrun(ctx, false)) {
+		t.Fatal("WithDryrun(false) should clear dryrun")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestJobErrorContainer(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	err := errors.New("job failed")
+
+	SetJobError(ctx, err)
+	if got := JobError(ctx); got != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("JobError without container = %v, want nil", got)
+	}
+
+	ctx = WithJobErrorContainer(ctx)
+	SetJobError(ctx, err)
+	if got := JobError(ctx); !errors.Is(got, err) {
+		t.Fatalf("JobError = %v, want %v", got, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoggerAndHookContext(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	if Logger(ctx) != logrus.StandardLogger() {
+		t.Fatal("plain context should use standard logger")
+	}
+	if LoggerHook(ctx) != nil {
+		t.Fatal("plain context should not have a logger hook")
+	}
+
+	logger := logrus.New()
+	ctx = WithLogger(ctx, logger)
+	if Logger(ctx) != logger {
+		t.Fatal("WithLogger should set logger")
+	}
+
+	hook := testHook{}
+	ctx = WithLoggerHook(ctx, hook)
+	if LoggerHook(ctx) != hook {
+		t.Fatal("WithLoggerHook should set hook")
+	}
+}
+
+type testHook struct{}
+
+func (testHook) Levels() []logrus.Level {
+	return logrus.AllLevels
+}
+
+func (testHook) Fire(*logrus.Entry) error {
+	return nil
+}

act/common/executor_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ package common
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -170,3 +172,43 @@ func TestNewParallelExecutorCanceled(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(int32(3), count.Load())
 	assert.Error(errExpected, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 }
+
+func TestExecutorConditionalsAndFinally(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	var calls []string
+	record := func(name string) Executor {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			calls = append(calls, name)
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, record("if-true").If(func(context.Context) bool { return true })(ctx))
+	require.NoError(t, record("if-false").If(func(context.Context) bool { return false })(ctx))
+	require.NoError(t, record("if-not").IfNot(func(context.Context) bool { return false })(ctx))
+	require.NoError(t, record("if-bool").IfBool(true)(ctx))
+	require.NoError(t, record("main").Finally(record("finally"))(ctx))
+
+	want := []string{"if-true", "if-not", "if-bool", "main", "finally"}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(calls, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("calls = %v, want %v", calls, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExecutorFinallyReturnsFinallyErrorWithOriginal(t *testing.T) {
+	mainErr := errors.New("main failed")
+	finalErr := errors.New("cleanup failed")
+
+	err := NewErrorExecutor(mainErr).Finally(NewErrorExecutor(finalErr))(context.Background())
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "cleanup failed") || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "main failed") {
+		t.Fatalf("finally error = %q, want both cleanup and original error", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConditionalNot(t *testing.T) {
+	cond := Conditional(func(context.Context) bool { return false })
+	if !cond.Not()(context.Background()) {
+		t.Fatal("inverted conditional should be true")
+	}
+}

act/common/git/git.go

@@ -257,6 +257,10 @@ type NewGitCloneExecutorInput struct {
 	Token       string
 	OfflineMode bool
 
+	// Depth limits the clone/fetch to the given number of commits from the tip of the requested ref.
+	// 0 for full clone.
+	Depth int
+
 	// For Gitea
 	InsecureSkipTLS bool
 }
@@ -309,7 +313,7 @@ func CloneIfRequired(ctx context.Context, refName plumbing.ReferenceName, input
 		}
 	}
 
-	r, err = git.PlainCloneContext(ctx, input.Dir, false, &cloneOptions)
+	r, err = cloneAtDepth(ctx, input, cloneOptions, logger)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Errorf("Unable to clone %v %s: %v", input.URL, refName, err)
 		return nil, false, err
@@ -364,6 +368,16 @@ func NewGitCloneExecutor(input NewGitCloneExecutorInput) common.Executor {
 			pullOptions.InsecureSkipTLS = true
 		}
 
+		// Action clones only ever need the tip commit, so keep a shallow cache cheap on update at depth 1 regardless of its original depth
+		// Turning action_shallow_clone off does not convert an existing shallow cache; evict it for a full clone.
+		shallow := isShallow(r)
+		if shallow {
+			fetchOptions.Depth = 1
+			if spec, ok := shallowFetchRefSpec(r, input.Ref); ok {
+				fetchOptions.RefSpecs = []config.RefSpec{spec}
+			}
+		}
+
 		if !isOfflineMode {
 			err = r.Fetch(&fetchOptions)
 			if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, git.NoErrAlreadyUpToDate) {
@@ -431,11 +445,13 @@ func NewGitCloneExecutor(input NewGitCloneExecutorInput) common.Executor {
 
 		reusedMsg := ""
 
-		if !isOfflineMode {
+		switch {
+		case !isOfflineMode && !shallow:
+			// In shallow mode the depth-limited fetch above already advanced the ref.
 			if err = w.Pull(&pullOptions); err != nil && err != git.NoErrAlreadyUpToDate {
 				logger.Debugf("Unable to pull %s: %v", refName, err)
 			}
-		} else if reused {
+		case isOfflineMode && reused:
 			reusedMsg = " (reused in offline mode)"
 		}
 
@@ -468,3 +484,53 @@ func NewGitCloneExecutor(input NewGitCloneExecutorInput) common.Executor {
 		return nil
 	}
 }
+
+// cloneAtDepth clones input.URL into input.Dir using opts.
+// With input.Depth > 0 it first tries a shallow, single-branch clone of input.Ref, falling back when error.
+func cloneAtDepth(ctx context.Context, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput, opts git.CloneOptions, logger log.FieldLogger) (*git.Repository, error) {
+	if input.Depth > 0 {
+		for _, refName := range []plumbing.ReferenceName{
+			plumbing.NewBranchReferenceName(input.Ref),
+			plumbing.NewTagReferenceName(input.Ref),
+		} {
+			shallowOpts := opts
+			shallowOpts.Depth = input.Depth
+			shallowOpts.SingleBranch = true
+			shallowOpts.ReferenceName = refName
+			shallowOpts.Tags = git.NoTags
+
+			r, err := git.PlainCloneContext(ctx, input.Dir, false, &shallowOpts)
+			if err == nil {
+				return r, nil
+			}
+			logger.Debugf("Shallow clone of %s as %s failed: %v", input.URL, refName, err)
+			if rmErr := os.RemoveAll(input.Dir); rmErr != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("remove partial clone %s: %w", input.Dir, rmErr)
+			}
+		}
+		logger.Debugf("Falling back to a full clone of %s for ref %q", input.URL, input.Ref)
+	}
+
+	return git.PlainCloneContext(ctx, input.Dir, false, &opts)
+}
+
+// isShallow reports whether the local repository was cloned with a limited depth.
+func isShallow(r *git.Repository) bool {
+	shallows, err := r.Storer.Shallow()
+	return err == nil && len(shallows) > 0
+}
+
+// shallowFetchRefSpec returns the single refspec that updates only input.Ref, keeping a shallow clone from re-downloading every branch's history.
+// ok is false when the ref is not present locally as a tag or remote-tracking branch, in which case the broad default refspec is used.
+func shallowFetchRefSpec(r *git.Repository, ref string) (config.RefSpec, bool) {
+	tagRef := plumbing.NewTagReferenceName(ref)
+	if _, err := r.Reference(tagRef, false); err == nil {
+		return config.RefSpec(fmt.Sprintf("+%s:%s", tagRef, tagRef)), true
+	}
+	remoteRef := plumbing.NewRemoteReferenceName("origin", ref)
+	if _, err := r.Reference(remoteRef, false); err == nil {
+		branchRef := plumbing.NewBranchReferenceName(ref)
+		return config.RefSpec(fmt.Sprintf("+%s:%s", branchRef, remoteRef)), true
+	}
+	return "", false
+}

act/common/git/git_test.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"syscall"
@@ -49,6 +50,13 @@ func TestFindGitSlug(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestErrorWrapsCommitAndCause(t *testing.T) {
+	err := &Error{err: ErrShortRef, commit: "abc123"}
+	require.Equal(t, ErrShortRef.Error(), err.Error())
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrShortRef)
+	require.Equal(t, "abc123", err.Commit())
+}
+
 func cleanGitHooks(dir string) error {
 	hooksDir := filepath.Join(dir, ".git", "hooks")
 	files, err := os.ReadDir(hooksDir)
@@ -95,6 +103,22 @@ func TestFindGitRemoteURL(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(remoteURL, u)
 }
 
+func TestFindGithubRepoUsesOriginAndCustomRemote(t *testing.T) {
+	basedir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", basedir))
+	require.NoError(t, cleanGitHooks(basedir))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", basedir, "remote", "add", "origin", "https://github.com/owner/repo.git"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", basedir, "remote", "add", "ghe", "git@git.example.com:team/project.git"))
+
+	slug, err := FindGithubRepo(context.Background(), basedir, "github.com", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "owner/repo", slug)
+
+	slug, err = FindGithubRepo(context.Background(), basedir, "git.example.com", "ghe")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "team/project", slug)
+}
+
 func TestGitFindRef(t *testing.T) {
 	basedir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -380,6 +404,96 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutorOfflineMode(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestGitCloneExecutorShallow(t *testing.T) {
+	// Build a local "remote" with several commits on main plus a tag, so a full clone would pull noticeably more history than a shallow one.
+	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
+	workDir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
+	for _, m := range []string{"c1", "c2", "c3"} {
+		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", m))
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "tag", "v1"))
+	sha := gitRevParse(t, workDir, "HEAD~1") // c2, a SHA that go-git cannot shallow-clone
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "origin", "v1"))
+
+	shallowMarker := func(dir string) string { return filepath.Join(dir, ".git", "shallow") }
+
+	t.Run("branch is cloned shallowly", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+			URL: remoteDir, Ref: "main", Dir: dir, Depth: 1,
+		})(t.Context()))
+		assert.FileExists(t, shallowMarker(dir), "clone should be shallow")
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, gitRevCount(t, dir), "only the tip commit should be present")
+		assert.Equal(t, "c3", gitHeadSubject(t, dir))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("tag is cloned shallowly", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+			URL: remoteDir, Ref: "v1", Dir: dir, Depth: 1,
+		})(t.Context()))
+		assert.FileExists(t, shallowMarker(dir), "clone should be shallow")
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, gitRevCount(t, dir))
+		assert.Equal(t, "c3", gitHeadSubject(t, dir))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("SHA falls back to a full clone", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+			URL: remoteDir, Ref: sha, Dir: dir, Depth: 1,
+		})(t.Context()))
+		// go-git cannot shallow-clone a raw SHA, so it falls back to a full clone; the absence of a shallow marker proves the fallback happened.
+		assert.NoFileExists(t, shallowMarker(dir), "a SHA ref must not produce a shallow clone")
+		assert.Equal(t, sha, gitRevParse(t, dir, "HEAD"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("moving branch updates while staying shallow", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+			URL: remoteDir, Ref: "main", Dir: dir, Depth: 1,
+		})(t.Context()))
+		require.Equal(t, "c3", gitHeadSubject(t, dir))
+
+		// Advance main on the remote, then reuse the existing shallow clone.
+		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "c4"))
+		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "origin", "main"))
+
+		require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+			URL: remoteDir, Ref: "main", Dir: dir, Depth: 1,
+		})(t.Context()))
+		assert.Equal(t, "c4", gitHeadSubject(t, dir), "reused shallow clone should update to the new tip")
+		assert.FileExists(t, shallowMarker(dir), "repo should remain shallow after update")
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, gitRevCount(t, dir))
+	})
+}
+
+func gitRevParse(t *testing.T, dir, rev string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", dir, "rev-parse", rev).Output()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
+}
+
+func gitRevCount(t *testing.T, dir string) int {
+	t.Helper()
+	out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", dir, "rev-list", "--count", "HEAD").Output()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	n, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(string(out)))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return n
+}
+
+func gitHeadSubject(t *testing.T, dir string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", dir, "log", "-1", "--format=%s").Output()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
+}
+
 func gitCmd(args ...string) error {
 	cmd := exec.Command("git", args...)
 	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout

act/common/job_error.go

@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ func JobError(ctx context.Context) error {
 }
 
 func SetJobError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
-	ctx.Value(jobErrorContextKeyVal).(map[string]error)["error"] = err
+	if container, ok := ctx.Value(jobErrorContextKeyVal).(map[string]error); ok {
+		container["error"] = err
+	}
 }
 
 // WithJobErrorContainer adds a value to the context as a container for an error

act/container/docker_cli_test.go

@@ -498,6 +498,79 @@ func TestParseDevice(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestParseDeviceByServerOS(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		device   string
+		serverOS string
+		want     container.DeviceMapping
+		wantErr  string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "linux source only",
+			device:   "/dev/snd",
+			serverOS: "linux",
+			want: container.DeviceMapping{
+				PathOnHost:        "/dev/snd",
+				PathInContainer:   "/dev/snd",
+				CgroupPermissions: "rwm",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "linux source and mode",
+			device:   "/dev/snd:rw",
+			serverOS: "linux",
+			want: container.DeviceMapping{
+				PathOnHost:        "/dev/snd",
+				PathInContainer:   "/dev/snd",
+				CgroupPermissions: "rw",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "linux source target and mode",
+			device:   "/dev/snd:/container/snd:m",
+			serverOS: "linux",
+			want: container.DeviceMapping{
+				PathOnHost:        "/dev/snd",
+				PathInContainer:   "/container/snd",
+				CgroupPermissions: "m",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "windows passes value through",
+			device:   `class/GUID`,
+			serverOS: "windows",
+			want: container.DeviceMapping{
+				PathOnHost: `class/GUID`,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "invalid server OS",
+			device:   "/dev/snd",
+			serverOS: "plan9",
+			wantErr:  "unknown server OS: plan9",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "too many linux fields",
+			device:   "/dev/snd:/container/snd:rw:extra",
+			serverOS: "linux",
+			wantErr:  "invalid device specification: /dev/snd:/container/snd:rw:extra",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := parseDevice(tc.device, tc.serverOS)
+			if tc.wantErr != "" {
+				assert.Error(t, err, tc.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+			assert.NilError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, got, tc.want)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestParseNetworkConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name        string
@@ -930,6 +1003,82 @@ func TestValidateDevice(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestValidateDeviceByServerOS(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		value     string
+		serverOS  string
+		want      string
+		wantError string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "linux preserves three-field container path",
+			value:    "/host:/container/../device:rw",
+			serverOS: "linux",
+			want:     "/host:/container/../device:rw",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "linux source path can be relative when target is absolute",
+			value:    "relative-host:/container/device",
+			serverOS: "linux",
+			want:     "relative-host:/container/device",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "windows defers validation",
+			value:    `class/GUID`,
+			serverOS: "windows",
+			want:     `class/GUID`,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "linux rejects bad mode",
+			value:     "/host:/container:ro",
+			serverOS:  "linux",
+			wantError: "bad mode specified: ro",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "linux target must be absolute",
+			value:     "/host:relative",
+			serverOS:  "linux",
+			wantError: "relative is not an absolute path",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "unknown server OS",
+			value:     "/dev/snd",
+			serverOS:  "plan9",
+			wantError: "unknown server OS: plan9",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := validateDevice(tc.value, tc.serverOS)
+			if tc.wantError != "" {
+				assert.Error(t, err, tc.wantError)
+				return
+			}
+			assert.NilError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, got, tc.want)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDeviceCgroupRulesAndInvalidParameter(t *testing.T) {
+	got, err := validateDeviceCgroupRule("c 1:3 rwm")
+	assert.NilError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, got, "c 1:3 rwm")
+
+	_, err = validateDeviceCgroupRule("invalid")
+	assert.Error(t, err, "invalid device cgroup format 'invalid'")
+
+	if invalidParameter(nil) != nil {
+		t.Fatal("invalidParameter(nil) should be nil")
+	}
+	err = invalidParameter(errors.New("bad input"))
+	assert.Assert(t, err != nil)
+	var invalid interface{ InvalidParameter() }
+	assert.Assert(t, errors.As(err, &invalid))
+}
+
 func TestParseSystemPaths(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		doc                       string

act/filecollector/file_collector_test.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5"
 	"github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5/memfs"
@@ -221,3 +222,63 @@ func TestCopyCollectorWriteFileOverwritesFileWithSymlink(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "target", resolved)
 }
+
+func TestDefaultFsOpenReadlinkAndWalk(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("creating symlinks requires elevated privileges on Windows")
+	}
+
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(root, "file.txt"), []byte("content"), 0o644))
+	require.NoError(t, os.Symlink("file.txt", filepath.Join(root, "link.txt")))
+
+	fsys := &DefaultFs{}
+	var walked []string
+	require.NoError(t, fsys.Walk(root, func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		walked = append(walked, info.Name())
+		return nil
+	}))
+	require.Contains(t, walked, "file.txt")
+	require.Contains(t, walked, "link.txt")
+
+	file, err := fsys.Open(filepath.Join(root, "file.txt"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(file)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, file.Close())
+	require.Equal(t, "content", string(data))
+
+	link, err := fsys.Readlink(filepath.Join(root, "link.txt"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "file.txt", link)
+}
+
+func TestFileCollectorCancellationAndWalkError(t *testing.T) {
+	fc := &FileCollector{Fs: &memoryFs{Filesystem: memfs.New()}}
+	walk := fc.CollectFiles(cancelledContext(t), nil)
+
+	err := walk("file", fakeFileInfo{name: "file"}, nil)
+	require.EqualError(t, err, "copy cancelled")
+
+	err = walk("file", fakeFileInfo{name: "file"}, os.ErrPermission)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, os.ErrPermission)
+}
+
+func cancelledContext(t *testing.T) context.Context {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+	return ctx
+}
+
+type fakeFileInfo struct {
+	name string
+}
+
+func (f fakeFileInfo) Name() string       { return f.name }
+func (f fakeFileInfo) Size() int64        { return 0 }
+func (f fakeFileInfo) Mode() os.FileMode  { return 0o644 }
+func (f fakeFileInfo) ModTime() time.Time { return time.Time{} }
+func (f fakeFileInfo) IsDir() bool        { return false }
+func (f fakeFileInfo) Sys() any           { return nil }

act/lookpath/lp_unix_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build aix || darwin || dragonfly || freebsd || linux || netbsd || openbsd || solaris
+
+package lookpath
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+type testEnv map[string]string
+
+func (e testEnv) Getenv(name string) string {
+	return e[name]
+}
+
+func TestLookPath2SearchesPathAndEmptyElement(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	exe := filepath.Join(dir, "tool")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(exe, []byte("#!/bin/sh\n"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	got, err := LookPath2("tool", testEnv{"PATH": string(filepath.ListSeparator) + dir})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != exe {
+		t.Fatalf("LookPath2() = %q, want %q", got, exe)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLookPath2DirectPathDoesNotSearchPath(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	exe := filepath.Join(dir, "tool")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(exe, []byte("#!/bin/sh\n"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	got, err := LookPath2(exe, testEnv{"PATH": ""})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != exe {
+		t.Fatalf("LookPath2() = %q, want %q", got, exe)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLookPath2ReportsPermissionAndNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	file := filepath.Join(dir, "not-executable")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(file, []byte("plain text"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := LookPath2(file, testEnv{"PATH": dir})
+	var pathErr *Error
+	if !errors.As(err, &pathErr) || !errors.Is(pathErr.Err, fs.ErrPermission) {
+		t.Fatalf("LookPath2(non-executable) error = %v, want fs.ErrPermission wrapped in *Error", err)
+	}
+	if pathErr.Error() != fs.ErrPermission.Error() {
+		t.Fatalf("Error() = %q, want %q", pathErr.Error(), fs.ErrPermission.Error())
+	}
+
+	_, err = LookPath2("missing", testEnv{"PATH": dir})
+	if !errors.As(err, &pathErr) || !errors.Is(pathErr.Err, ErrNotFound) {
+		t.Fatalf("LookPath2(missing) error = %v, want ErrNotFound wrapped in *Error", err)
+	}
+}

act/lookpath/lp_windows.go

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func LookPath2(file string, lenv Env) (string, error) {
 	var exts []string
 	x := lenv.Getenv(`PATHEXT`)
 	if x != "" {
-		for _, e := range strings.Split(strings.ToLower(x), `;`) {
+		for e := range strings.SplitSeq(strings.ToLower(x), `;`) {
 			if e == "" {
 				continue
 			}

act/model/action_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package model
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestReadActionDefaultsAndCaseInsensitiveUsing(t *testing.T) {
+	action, err := ReadAction(strings.NewReader(`
+name: example
+runs:
+  using: NoDe24
+  main: dist/index.js
+`))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if action.Runs.Using != ActionRunsUsingNode24 {
+		t.Fatalf("using = %q, want %q", action.Runs.Using, ActionRunsUsingNode24)
+	}
+	if action.Runs.PreIf != "always()" {
+		t.Fatalf("pre-if = %q, want always()", action.Runs.PreIf)
+	}
+	if action.Runs.PostIf != "always()" {
+		t.Fatalf("post-if = %q, want always()", action.Runs.PostIf)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadActionPreservesExplicitConditions(t *testing.T) {
+	action, err := ReadAction(strings.NewReader(`
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  pre-if: success()
+  post-if: failure()
+  steps:
+    - run: echo hello
+`))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if action.Runs.PreIf != "success()" || action.Runs.PostIf != "failure()" {
+		t.Fatalf("conditions = %q/%q, want explicit values", action.Runs.PreIf, action.Runs.PostIf)
+	}
+	if !action.Runs.Using.IsComposite() || action.Runs.Using.IsDocker() || action.Runs.Using.IsNode() {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected using predicates for %q", action.Runs.Using)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadActionRejectsUnknownUsing(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := ReadAction(strings.NewReader(`
+runs:
+  using: node99
+`))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected unknown runs.using to fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "node99") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %q, want invalid value", err)
+	}
+}

act/model/planner_test.go

@@ -6,10 +6,12 @@ package model
 
 import (
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 type WorkflowPlanTest struct {
@@ -65,3 +67,133 @@ func TestWorkflow(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 	assert.NotNil(t, result)
 }
+
+func TestNewSingleWorkflowPlannerAndPlanMethods(t *testing.T) {
+	planner, err := NewSingleWorkflowPlanner("ci.yml", strings.NewReader(`
+name: CI
+on: [push, pull_request]
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build project
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - run: make build
+  test:
+    needs: build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - run: make test
+`))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"pull_request", "push"}, planner.GetEvents())
+
+	eventPlan, err := planner.PlanEvent("push")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, eventPlan.Stages, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"build"}, eventPlan.Stages[0].GetJobIDs())
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"test"}, eventPlan.Stages[1].GetJobIDs())
+	assert.Equal(t, len("Build project"), eventPlan.MaxRunNameLen())
+	assert.Equal(t, "Build project", eventPlan.Stages[0].Runs[0].String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "build", eventPlan.Stages[0].Runs[0].JobID)
+	assert.NotNil(t, eventPlan.Stages[0].Runs[0].Job())
+
+	jobPlan, err := planner.PlanJob("test")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, jobPlan.Stages, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"build"}, jobPlan.Stages[0].GetJobIDs())
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"test"}, jobPlan.Stages[1].GetJobIDs())
+
+	allPlan, err := planner.PlanAll()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, allPlan.Stages, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"build"}, allPlan.Stages[0].GetJobIDs())
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"test"}, allPlan.Stages[1].GetJobIDs())
+}
+
+func TestCombineWorkflowPlannerMergesWorkflowStages(t *testing.T) {
+	first := mustReadWorkflow(t, `
+name: First
+on: push
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - run: make build
+`)
+	second := mustReadWorkflow(t, `
+name: Second
+on: push
+jobs:
+  lint:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - run: make lint
+  test:
+    needs: lint
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - run: make test
+`)
+
+	planner := CombineWorkflowPlanner(first, second)
+	plan, err := planner.PlanEvent("push")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, plan.Stages, 2)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"build", "lint"}, plan.Stages[0].GetJobIDs())
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"test"}, plan.Stages[1].GetJobIDs())
+
+	empty, err := planner.PlanEvent("schedule")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, empty.Stages)
+}
+
+func TestPlannerErrorsForMissingAndCyclicJobs(t *testing.T) {
+	workflow := mustReadWorkflow(t, `
+name: Cyclic
+on: push
+jobs:
+  a:
+    needs: b
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - run: echo a
+  b:
+    needs: a
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - run: echo b
+`)
+	planner := CombineWorkflowPlanner(workflow)
+
+	plan, err := planner.PlanJob("missing")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, plan.Stages)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "Could not find any stages")
+
+	plan, err = planner.PlanEvent("push")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, plan.Stages)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "unable to build dependency graph")
+}
+
+func TestNewSingleWorkflowPlannerErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := NewSingleWorkflowPlanner("empty.yml", strings.NewReader(""))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "file is empty")
+
+	_, err = NewSingleWorkflowPlanner("invalid.yml", strings.NewReader("jobs: ["))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "workflow is not valid")
+}
+
+func mustReadWorkflow(t *testing.T, content string) *Workflow {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	workflow, err := ReadWorkflow(strings.NewReader(content))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	if workflow.Name == "" {
+		workflow.Name = "workflow"
+	}
+	return workflow
+}

act/model/workflow_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 package model
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -58,6 +59,190 @@ func TestJobNeedsResult(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestJobSetContinueOnErrorFirmFailureWins(t *testing.T) {
+	job := &Job{}
+	job.SetContinueOnError(true)
+	assert.True(t, job.ContinueOnError)
+
+	job.SetContinueOnError(false)
+	assert.False(t, job.ContinueOnError)
+
+	job.SetContinueOnError(true)
+	assert.False(t, job.ContinueOnError, "a later tolerated failure must not hide an earlier firm failure")
+}
+
+func TestStepStatusText(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		status stepStatus
+		text   string
+	}{
+		{StepStatusSuccess, "success"},
+		{StepStatusFailure, "failure"},
+		{StepStatusSkipped, "skipped"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.text, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := tc.status.MarshalText()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.text, string(got))
+
+			var parsed stepStatus
+			require.NoError(t, parsed.UnmarshalText(got))
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.status, parsed)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.text, parsed.String())
+		})
+	}
+
+	var parsed stepStatus
+	require.Error(t, parsed.UnmarshalText([]byte("cancelled")))
+	assert.Empty(t, stepStatus(99).String())
+}
+
+func TestWorkflowCallConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	workflow, err := ReadWorkflow(strings.NewReader(`
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      name:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+    outputs:
+      digest:
+        value: ${{ jobs.build.outputs.digest }}
+jobs: {}
+`))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	config := workflow.WorkflowCallConfig()
+	require.NotNil(t, config)
+	require.Contains(t, config.Inputs, "name")
+	assert.True(t, config.Inputs["name"].Required)
+	assert.Equal(t, "string", config.Inputs["name"].Type)
+	assert.Equal(t, "${{ jobs.build.outputs.digest }}", config.Outputs["digest"].Value)
+
+	listWorkflow, err := ReadWorkflow(strings.NewReader("on: [workflow_call]\njobs: {}\n"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, listWorkflow.WorkflowCallConfig())
+	assert.Empty(t, listWorkflow.WorkflowCallConfig().Inputs)
+}
+
+func TestJobSecretsAndEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
+	inheritJob := readJob(t, `
+secrets: inherit
+env:
+  A: one
+  B: two
+`)
+	assert.True(t, inheritJob.InheritSecrets())
+	assert.Nil(t, inheritJob.Secrets())
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"A": "one", "B": "two"}, inheritJob.Environment())
+
+	mappingJob := readJob(t, `
+secrets:
+  TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TOKEN }}
+`)
+	assert.False(t, mappingJob.InheritSecrets())
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"TOKEN": "${{ secrets.TOKEN }}"}, mappingJob.Secrets())
+}
+
+func TestJobTypeAndString(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		job     Job
+		want    JobType
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{job: Job{}, want: JobTypeDefault},
+		{job: Job{Uses: "./.github/workflows/reuse.yml"}, want: JobTypeReusableWorkflowLocal},
+		{job: Job{Uses: "owner/repo/.github/workflows/reuse.yaml@v1"}, want: JobTypeReusableWorkflowRemote},
+		{job: Job{Uses: "owner/repo/.github/workflows/reuse.yaml"}, want: JobTypeInvalid, wantErr: true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", tc.job.Uses, tc.want), func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := tc.job.Type()
+			if tc.wantErr {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "default", JobTypeDefault.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "local-reusable-workflow", JobTypeReusableWorkflowLocal.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "remote-reusable-workflow", JobTypeReusableWorkflowRemote.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "unknown", JobType(99).String())
+}
+
+func TestStepStringEnvironmentEnvAndType(t *testing.T) {
+	step := readStep(t, `
+id: example
+env:
+  DIRECT: value
+with:
+  mixed-key: input
+`)
+	assert.Equal(t, "example", step.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"DIRECT": "value"}, step.Environment())
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"DIRECT": "value", "INPUT_MIXED-KEY": "input"}, step.GetEnv())
+
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		step Step
+		want StepType
+	}{
+		{step: Step{}, want: StepTypeInvalid},
+		{step: Step{Run: "echo hi"}, want: StepTypeRun},
+		{step: Step{Run: "echo hi", Uses: "actions/checkout@v4"}, want: StepTypeInvalid},
+		{step: Step{Uses: "docker://alpine:latest"}, want: StepTypeUsesDockerURL},
+		{step: Step{Uses: "./.github/workflows/reuse.yml"}, want: StepTypeReusableWorkflowLocal},
+		{step: Step{Uses: "owner/repo/.github/workflows/reuse.yml@v1"}, want: StepTypeReusableWorkflowRemote},
+		{step: Step{Uses: "./actions/local"}, want: StepTypeUsesActionLocal},
+		{step: Step{Uses: "actions/checkout@v4"}, want: StepTypeUsesActionRemote},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.want.String(), func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, tc.step.Type())
+		})
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "invalid", StepTypeInvalid.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "run", StepTypeRun.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "local-action", StepTypeUsesActionLocal.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "remote-action", StepTypeUsesActionRemote.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "docker", StepTypeUsesDockerURL.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "local-reusable-workflow", StepTypeReusableWorkflowLocal.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "remote-reusable-workflow", StepTypeReusableWorkflowRemote.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "unknown", StepType(99).String())
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, (&Step{Uses: "actions/checkout@v4"}).UsesHash())
+}
+
+func TestWorkflowGetJobAndIDs(t *testing.T) {
+	workflow := &Workflow{Jobs: map[string]*Job{"build": {}}}
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"build"}, workflow.GetJobIDs())
+
+	job := workflow.GetJob("build")
+	require.NotNil(t, job)
+	assert.Equal(t, "build", job.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "success()", job.If.Value)
+	assert.Nil(t, workflow.GetJob("missing"))
+}
+
+func TestRawConcurrencyYaml(t *testing.T) {
+	var expr RawConcurrency
+	require.NoError(t, yaml.Unmarshal([]byte("group-${{ github.ref }}"), &expr))
+	assert.Equal(t, "group-${{ github.ref }}", expr.RawExpression)
+	marshaled, err := expr.MarshalYAML()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "group-${{ github.ref }}", marshaled)
+
+	var object RawConcurrency
+	require.NoError(t, yaml.Unmarshal([]byte("group: ci\ncancel-in-progress: true\n"), &object))
+	assert.Equal(t, "ci", object.Group)
+	assert.Equal(t, "true", object.CancelInProgress)
+	marshaled, err = object.MarshalYAML()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, (*objectConcurrency)(&object), marshaled)
+}
+
 func TestReadWorkflow_ScheduleEvent(t *testing.T) {
 	yaml := `
 name: local-action-docker-url
@@ -952,3 +1137,19 @@ func TestJobMatrixValidation(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Nil(t, matrix, "matrix with nested map should return nil")
 	})
 }
+
+func readJob(t *testing.T, content string) *Job {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var job Job
+	require.NoError(t, yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(content), &job))
+	return &job
+}
+
+func readStep(t *testing.T, content string) *Step {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var step Step
+	require.NoError(t, yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(content), &step))
+	return &step
+}

act/runner/action.go

@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ package runner
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
 	"embed"
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -272,6 +274,36 @@ func removeGitIgnore(ctx context.Context, directory string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// dockerActionImageTag derives the local docker image tag used when an action
+// is built from a Dockerfile.
+//
+// For Gitea: a local action (`uses: ./` or `uses: ./path`) has an actionName
+// that is the workspace-relative path of the action. That path is identical
+// across repositories (e.g. "./" for a self-referencing action), so without
+// namespacing, every repository's local docker action would build and reuse the
+// same `act-dockeraction:latest` image on a shared docker daemon. A subsequent
+// repository would then silently run the image built for an earlier one.
+// Including the repository keeps the tag stable for caching within a repository
+// while preventing cross-repository collisions.
+// See https://gitea.com/gitea/runner/issues/1039.
+func dockerActionImageTag(repository, actionName string, localAction bool) string {
+	name := actionName
+	if localAction {
+		name = path.Join(repository, actionName)
+	}
+	// The human-readable name is sanitized by collapsing every non-alphanumeric character to "-".
+	sanitized := regexp.MustCompile("[^a-zA-Z0-9]").ReplaceAllString(name, "-")
+	if localAction {
+		// For local actions a short hash of the raw repository and action path is appended so the tag stays unique per repository.
+		sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(repository + "\x00" + actionName))
+		sanitized += "-" + hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])[:12]
+	}
+	// "-dockeraction" ensures that "./", "./test " won't get converted to "act-:latest", "act-test-:latest" which are invalid docker image names
+	image := fmt.Sprintf("%s-dockeraction:%s", sanitized, "latest")
+	image = "act-" + strings.TrimLeft(image, "-")
+	return strings.ToLower(image)
+}
+
 // TODO: break out parts of function to reduce complexicity
 func execAsDocker(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, actionName, actionDir, basedir string, localAction bool) error {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
@@ -286,10 +318,7 @@ func execAsDocker(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, actionName, actionDir, b
 		// Apply forcePull only for prebuild docker images
 		forcePull = rc.Config.ForcePull
 	} else {
-		// "-dockeraction" enshures that "./", "./test " won't get converted to "act-:latest", "act-test-:latest" which are invalid docker image names
-		image = fmt.Sprintf("%s-dockeraction:%s", regexp.MustCompile("[^a-zA-Z0-9]").ReplaceAllString(actionName, "-"), "latest")
-		image = "act-" + strings.TrimLeft(image, "-")
-		image = strings.ToLower(image)
+		image = dockerActionImageTag(step.getGithubContext(ctx).Repository, actionName, localAction)
 		contextDir, fileName := filepath.Split(filepath.Join(basedir, action.Runs.Image))
 
 		anyArchExists, err := ContainerImageExistsLocally(ctx, image, "any")

act/runner/action_composite.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"regexp"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -85,6 +86,19 @@ func newCompositeRunContext(ctx context.Context, parent *RunContext, step action
 	return compositerc
 }
 
+// appendUniqueMasks appends the masks from src to dst, skipping any mask that
+// is already present in dst. This prevents the parent RunContext's Masks slice
+// from growing exponentially when composite actions are nested or repeated,
+// since each composite RunContext is seeded with its parent's masks.
+func appendUniqueMasks(dst, src []string) []string {
+	for _, m := range src {
+		if !slices.Contains(dst, m) {
+			dst = append(dst, m)
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
 func execAsComposite(step actionStep) common.Executor {
 	rc := step.getRunContext()
 	action := step.getActionModel()
@@ -110,7 +124,11 @@ func execAsComposite(step actionStep) common.Executor {
 			}, eval.Interpolate(ctx, output.Value))
 		}
 
-		rc.Masks = append(rc.Masks, compositeRC.Masks...)
+		// compositeRC.Masks is seeded with rc.Masks (see newCompositeRunContext)
+		// and may have additional masks appended while the composite action runs.
+		// Only append masks that are not already present, otherwise nested or
+		// repeated composite actions grow rc.Masks exponentially.
+		rc.Masks = appendUniqueMasks(rc.Masks, compositeRC.Masks)
 		rc.ExtraPath = compositeRC.ExtraPath
 		// compositeRC.Env is dirty, contains INPUT_ and merged step env, only rely on compositeRC.GlobalEnv
 		mergeIntoMap := mergeIntoMapCaseSensitive

act/runner/action_composite_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestAppendUniqueMasks(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		dst  []string
+		src  []string
+		want []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "appends new masks",
+			dst:  []string{"a"},
+			src:  []string{"b", "c"},
+			want: []string{"a", "b", "c"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "skips masks already present",
+			dst:  []string{"a", "b"},
+			src:  []string{"a", "b"},
+			want: []string{"a", "b"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "deduplicates within src",
+			dst:  []string{"a"},
+			src:  []string{"b", "b", "a"},
+			want: []string{"a", "b"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "empty src leaves dst unchanged",
+			dst:  []string{"a"},
+			src:  nil,
+			want: []string{"a"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, appendUniqueMasks(tt.dst, tt.src))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAppendUniqueMasksNoExponentialGrowth reproduces the exponential growth of
+// the parent's Masks slice observed with nested/repeated composite actions. A
+// composite RunContext is seeded with its parent's masks and the whole seeded
+// slice was previously appended back into the parent, doubling its length on
+// every composite action.
+func TestAppendUniqueMasksNoExponentialGrowth(t *testing.T) {
+	parentMasks := []string{"secret"}
+
+	for range 20 {
+		// compositeRC.Masks starts as a copy of the parent's masks (it is
+		// seeded with parent.Masks in newCompositeRunContext).
+		compositeMasks := make([]string, len(parentMasks))
+		copy(compositeMasks, parentMasks)
+
+		parentMasks = appendUniqueMasks(parentMasks, compositeMasks)
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"secret"}, parentMasks)
+}

act/runner/action_test.go

@@ -455,3 +455,50 @@ func TestExecAsDockerHoldsCloneLockForRemoteUncached(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("execAsDocker did not return after inner was released and ctx was canceled")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestDockerActionImageTag(t *testing.T) {
+	// Remote actions already carry a unique, ref-scoped actionName (the uses
+	// hash), so the tag must be left untouched for backwards compatibility.
+	assert.Equal(t,
+		"act-abc123-dockeraction:latest",
+		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "abc123", false),
+	)
+
+	// Local actions keep a human-readable, repository-namespaced prefix and gain a short hash suffix that makes the tag unique per (repository, actionName).
+	// See https://gitea.com/gitea/runner/issues/1039.
+	assert.Equal(t,
+		"act-owner-repo-baca2daaa2fe-dockeraction:latest",
+		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "./", true),
+	)
+	assert.Equal(t,
+		"act-owner-repo-sub-e847b61255a8-dockeraction:latest",
+		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "./sub", true),
+	)
+
+	// Sanitizing every non-alphanumeric character to "-" is lossy, so distinct inputs can collapse to the same readable prefix.
+	// The hash suffix must keep such cases apart, otherwise an image built for one repository is reused for another.
+	collisions := [][2]struct {
+		repoName   string
+		actionName string
+	}{
+		// Two different repositories, both `uses: ./`: "a/b-c" and "a-b/c" both sanitize to "a-b-c".
+		{{"a/b-c", "./"}, {"a-b/c", "./"}},
+		// A repository's root action vs another repository's sub-path action:
+		// "owner/repo-a" + "./" and "owner/repo" + "./a" both sanitize to "owner-repo-a".
+		{{"owner/repo-a", "./"}, {"owner/repo", "./a"}},
+	}
+	for _, c := range collisions {
+		assert.NotEqual(t,
+			dockerActionImageTag(c[0].repoName, c[0].actionName, true),
+			dockerActionImageTag(c[1].repoName, c[1].actionName, true),
+			"local docker action tags must differ for %q/%q vs %q/%q",
+			c[0].repoName, c[0].actionName, c[1].repoName, c[1].actionName,
+		)
+	}
+
+	// Distinct local actions within the same repository keep distinct tags.
+	assert.NotEqual(t,
+		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "./", true),
+		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "./sub", true),
+	)
+}

act/runner/cancellation_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/exprparser"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/model"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v4"
+)
+
+// TestCancelledJobStatusEnablesAlwaysAndCancelledSteps verifies that once a job is
+// cancelled, getJobContext reports the "cancelled" status so the step `if` functions
+// evaluate the way GitHub Actions does: cancelled()/always() are true, success()/failure()
+// are false. A step that defaults to success() is therefore skipped while an always() step
+// still runs. Before the fix the status could only ever be success/failure, so cancelled()
+// was structurally impossible and cancel-only cleanup steps never ran.
+func TestCancelledJobStatusEnablesAlwaysAndCancelledSteps(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
+		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
+	})
+	rc.markCancelled()
+
+	// The core fix: the job status context now reports "cancelled" instead of being
+	// pinned to success/failure.
+	jobCtx := rc.getJobContext()
+	require.Equal(t, "cancelled", jobCtx.Status)
+
+	// Feed that status through the step-context expression functions, which is what a
+	// step `if` evaluates. On a cancelled job only always()/cancelled() are true.
+	interp := exprparser.NewInterpeter(
+		&exprparser.EvaluationEnvironment{Job: jobCtx},
+		exprparser.Config{Context: "step"},
+	)
+	for expr, want := range map[string]bool{
+		"cancelled()":  true,
+		"always()":     true,
+		"success()":    false,
+		"failure()":    false,
+		"!cancelled()": false,
+	} {
+		got, err := interp.Evaluate(expr, exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckNone)
+		require.NoErrorf(t, err, "Evaluate(%q)", expr)
+		assert.Equalf(t, want, got, "Evaluate(%q) on a cancelled job", expr)
+	}
+
+	// A step without an `if` defaults to success() and must be skipped on cancel,
+	// while an `if: always()` step must still run.
+	disabled, err := interp.Evaluate("", exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckSuccess)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, false, disabled, "default-success step must be skipped on a cancelled job")
+
+	enabled, err := interp.Evaluate("always()", exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckSuccess)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, true, enabled, "`if: always()` step must run on a cancelled job")
+}
+
+// TestMainStepsExecutorRunsAlwaysStepsAfterCancel verifies that newMainStepsExecutor does
+// not abandon the remaining steps when the run is cancelled mid-pipeline. The later step
+// still runs (so a main-stage always() step is reached), it runs under a fresh,
+// non-cancelled context, and the job is marked cancelled. The interrupt error is still
+// propagated so callers up the chain see the cancellation.
+func TestMainStepsExecutorRunsAlwaysStepsAfterCancel(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
+		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
+	})
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var ran []string
+	var laterStepCtxErr error
+	steps := []common.Executor{
+		func(_ context.Context) error {
+			ran = append(ran, "step1")
+			cancel() // server cancellation lands while step1 runs
+			return nil
+		},
+		func(c context.Context) error {
+			ran = append(ran, "always-step")
+			laterStepCtxErr = c.Err()
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := newMainStepsExecutor(rc, steps)(ctx)
+
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled, "interrupt error is propagated")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"step1", "always-step"}, ran, "the always() step still runs after cancel")
+	require.NoError(t, laterStepCtxErr, "remaining steps run under a fresh, non-cancelled context")
+	assert.True(t, rc.jobCancelled, "the job is marked cancelled")
+}
+
+// TestMainStepsExecutorMarksFailedOnTimeoutBetweenSteps guards the timeout path's symmetry with the cancel path.
+// When the job deadline (timeout-minutes) lands in the gap between two steps, the job must be marked as failed (not cancelled),
+// so always()/failure() cleanup steps run while default success() steps skip, and so the timed-out job is not reported as success.
+func TestMainStepsExecutorMarksFailedOnTimeoutBetweenSteps(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
+		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
+	})
+
+	// A short deadline that we let elapse between steps, so no step records the error itself.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Millisecond)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var ran []string
+	var laterStepCtxErr error
+	steps := []common.Executor{
+		func(c context.Context) error {
+			ran = append(ran, "step1")
+			// Block until the job deadline elapses, then return cleanly: the interrupt lands in the loop's between-steps check, not inside a step.
+			<-c.Done()
+			return nil
+		},
+		func(c context.Context) error {
+			ran = append(ran, "always-step")
+			laterStepCtxErr = c.Err()
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := newMainStepsExecutor(rc, steps)(ctx)
+
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded, "the timeout error is propagated")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"step1", "always-step"}, ran, "the always() step still runs after a timeout")
+	require.NoError(t, laterStepCtxErr, "remaining steps run under a fresh, non-expired context")
+	assert.True(t, rc.jobFailed, "a job timeout marks the job failed")
+	assert.False(t, rc.jobCancelled, "a timeout is not a cancellation")
+
+	// The status the real main-step `if` evaluation sees: "failure", so default success() steps skip while always()/failure() steps run.
+	assert.Equal(t, "failure", rc.getJobContext().Status)
+}
+
+// TestStepsExecutorRunsMainStepsAfterPreCancel verifies that a cancellation landing during the
+// pre phase does not abandon the main steps: newStepsExecutor still runs the main-steps executor,
+// so a main-stage always()/cancelled() step is reached (under a fresh, non-cancelled context),
+// the job is marked cancelled, and the cancellation is propagated. Before the fix the `.Then(...)`
+// short-circuit skipped the main steps entirely when a pre step was cancelled.
+func TestStepsExecutorRunsMainStepsAfterPreCancel(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
+		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
+	})
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var ran []string
+	var mainStepCtxErr error
+	preSteps := []common.Executor{
+		func(_ context.Context) error {
+			ran = append(ran, "pre1")
+			cancel() // server cancellation lands during the pre phase
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+	steps := []common.Executor{
+		func(c context.Context) error {
+			ran = append(ran, "always-step")
+			mainStepCtxErr = c.Err()
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := newStepsExecutor(rc, preSteps, steps)(ctx)
+
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled, "the cancellation is propagated")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"pre1", "always-step"}, ran, "the main always() step runs after a pre-phase cancel")
+	require.NoError(t, mainStepCtxErr, "the main step runs under a fresh, non-cancelled context")
+	assert.True(t, rc.jobCancelled, "the job is marked cancelled")
+}
+
+// TestStepsExecutorRunsMainStepsAfterPreFailure verifies that a failing pre step does not abandon
+// the main steps: they still run (so a main-stage always()/failure() step is reached), and the
+// pre-step error is propagated so the job is reported as failed. The main steps' own `if`
+// evaluation is what skips success()-default steps, so running them here is safe.
+func TestStepsExecutorRunsMainStepsAfterPreFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
+		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
+	})
+
+	var ran []string
+	preSteps := []common.Executor{
+		func(_ context.Context) error {
+			ran = append(ran, "pre1")
+			return assert.AnError
+		},
+	}
+	steps := []common.Executor{
+		func(_ context.Context) error {
+			ran = append(ran, "always-step")
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := newStepsExecutor(rc, preSteps, steps)(context.Background())
+
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, assert.AnError, "the pre-step error is propagated")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"pre1", "always-step"}, ran, "the main always() step runs after a pre-step failure")
+	assert.False(t, rc.jobCancelled, "a pre-step failure is not a cancellation")
+}
+
+// TestPreStepFailureAffectsMainStepIfStatus verifies the status path used by real
+// main-step `if` evaluation. A pre-step failure is not present in StepResults, so
+// recording only the context job error is not enough: getJobContext must also report
+// failure so success()-default main steps skip and failure() steps run.
+func TestPreStepFailureAffectsMainStepIfStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
+		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
+	})
+	ctx := common.WithJobErrorContainer(context.Background())
+
+	reportStepError(ctx, rc, assert.AnError)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "failure", rc.getJobContext().Status)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, common.JobError(ctx), assert.AnError)
+
+	defaultStep := &stepRun{
+		RunContext: rc,
+		Step:       &model.Step{ID: "default-step"},
+		env:        map[string]string{},
+	}
+	defaultEnabled, err := isStepEnabled(ctx, defaultStep.getIfExpression(ctx, stepStageMain), defaultStep, stepStageMain)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, defaultEnabled, "default success() main step must skip after a pre-step failure")
+
+	failureStep := &stepRun{
+		RunContext: rc,
+		Step: &model.Step{
+			ID: "failure-step",
+			If: yaml.Node{Value: "failure()"},
+		},
+		env: map[string]string{},
+	}
+	failureEnabled, err := isStepEnabled(ctx, failureStep.getIfExpression(ctx, stepStageMain), failureStep, stepStageMain)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, failureEnabled, "failure() main step must run after a pre-step failure")
+}
+
+// TestPostStepsContextCancelledIsUsableForFailingStep guards against a panic: post/cleanup
+// steps run on a context derived from the cancelled job context, and a failing post step
+// records its error via common.SetJobError. If that derived context lacks a job-error container,
+// SetJobError dereferences a nil map and panics. The post context must therefore be detached
+// from cancellation (so the steps run) yet still carry a usable error container.
+func TestPostStepsContextCancelledIsUsableForFailingStep(t *testing.T) {
+	cancelled, cancel := context.WithCancel(common.WithJobErrorContainer(context.Background()))
+	cancel()
+	require.ErrorIs(t, cancelled.Err(), context.Canceled)
+
+	postCtx, done := postStepsContext(cancelled)
+	defer done()
+
+	// Detached from cancellation, so the post steps actually run.
+	require.NoError(t, postCtx.Err(), "post context must not be cancelled")
+
+	// A failing post step records its error instead of panicking.
+	require.NotPanics(t, func() {
+		common.SetJobError(postCtx, assert.AnError)
+	}, "a failing post step must not panic on the cancel path")
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, common.JobError(postCtx), assert.AnError)
+}
+
+// TestPostStepsContextDeadlinePreservesJobError verifies the job-timeout path keeps the original
+// job-error container (via context.WithoutCancel), so the timeout failure and any post-step error
+// survive into the post phase and the job is still reported as failed.
+func TestPostStepsContextDeadlinePreservesJobError(t *testing.T) {
+	base := common.WithJobErrorContainer(context.Background())
+	common.SetJobError(base, assert.AnError)
+	expired, cancel := context.WithDeadline(base, time.Now().Add(-time.Hour))
+	defer cancel()
+	require.ErrorIs(t, expired.Err(), context.DeadlineExceeded)
+
+	postCtx, done := postStepsContext(expired)
+	defer done()
+
+	require.NoError(t, postCtx.Err(), "post context must not carry the expired deadline")
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, common.JobError(postCtx), assert.AnError, "the timeout job error must be preserved")
+}

act/runner/job_executor.go

@@ -58,9 +58,10 @@ type jobInfo interface {
 
 // reportStepError emits the GitHub Actions ##[error] annotation and records
 // the error against the job so the job is reported as failed.
-func reportStepError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
+func reportStepError(ctx context.Context, rc *RunContext, err error) {
 	common.Logger(ctx).Errorf("##[error]%v", err)
 	common.SetJobError(ctx, err)
+	rc.markFailed()
 }
 
 func newJobExecutor(info jobInfo, sf stepFactory, rc *RunContext) common.Executor {
@@ -118,9 +119,9 @@ func newJobExecutor(info jobInfo, sf stepFactory, rc *RunContext) common.Executo
 			rc.CurrentStepIndex = stepIdx
 			preErr := preExec(ctx)
 			if preErr != nil {
-				reportStepError(ctx, preErr)
+				reportStepError(ctx, rc, preErr)
 			} else if ctx.Err() != nil {
-				reportStepError(ctx, ctx.Err())
+				reportStepError(ctx, rc, ctx.Err())
 			}
 			return preErr
 		}))
@@ -130,9 +131,9 @@ func newJobExecutor(info jobInfo, sf stepFactory, rc *RunContext) common.Executo
 			rc.CurrentStepIndex = stepIdx
 			err := stepExec(ctx)
 			if err != nil {
-				reportStepError(ctx, err)
+				reportStepError(ctx, rc, err)
 			} else if ctx.Err() != nil {
-				reportStepError(ctx, ctx.Err())
+				reportStepError(ctx, rc, ctx.Err())
 			}
 			return nil
 		}))
@@ -142,9 +143,9 @@ func newJobExecutor(info jobInfo, sf stepFactory, rc *RunContext) common.Executo
 			rc.CurrentStepIndex = stepIdx
 			err := postFn(ctx)
 			if err != nil {
-				reportStepError(ctx, err)
+				reportStepError(ctx, rc, err)
 			} else if ctx.Err() != nil {
-				reportStepError(ctx, ctx.Err())
+				reportStepError(ctx, rc, ctx.Err())
 			}
 			return err
 		})
@@ -159,7 +160,12 @@ func newJobExecutor(info jobInfo, sf stepFactory, rc *RunContext) common.Executo
 	postExecutor = postExecutor.Finally(func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		jobError := common.JobError(ctx)
 		var err error
-		if rc.Config.AutoRemove || jobError == nil {
+		// jobError == nil keeps a failed job's container alive for post-mortem debugging when
+		// AutoRemove is off (the act-CLI --rm behavior; the shipped runner always sets
+		// AutoRemove). A cancelled run is not a failure to inspect, and the cancel-path post
+		// context now carries its own error container so a failing post step makes jobError
+		// non-nil — OR in rc.jobCancelled so cancellation still always tears the container down.
+		if rc.Config.AutoRemove || jobError == nil || rc.jobCancelled {
 			// always allow 1 min for stopping and removing the runner, even if we were cancelled
 			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(common.WithLogger(context.Background(), common.Logger(ctx)), time.Minute)
 			defer cancel()
@@ -198,35 +204,107 @@ func newJobExecutor(info jobInfo, sf stepFactory, rc *RunContext) common.Executo
 		return err
 	})
 
-	pipeline := make([]common.Executor, 0)
-	pipeline = append(pipeline, preSteps...)
-	pipeline = append(pipeline, steps...)
+	stepsExecutor := newStepsExecutor(rc, preSteps, steps)
 
-	return common.NewPipelineExecutor(info.startContainer(), common.NewPipelineExecutor(pipeline...).
+	return common.NewPipelineExecutor(info.startContainer(), stepsExecutor.
 		Finally(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-			var cancel context.CancelFunc
-			switch ctx.Err() {
-			case context.Canceled:
-				// in case of an aborted run, we still should execute the
-				// post steps to allow cleanup.
-				ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(common.WithLogger(context.Background(), common.Logger(ctx)), 5*time.Minute)
-				defer cancel()
-			case context.DeadlineExceeded:
-				// The job hit its timeout-minutes. Without a fresh context the post
-				// steps would run against the already-expired context and be skipped,
-				// so cleanup post-hooks (e.g. actions/checkout post, cache save) would
-				// not run. Derive the context with WithoutCancel so the new deadline
-				// applies but the job error state is preserved: the job is still
-				// reported as failed and container teardown matches a normal failure.
-				ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(context.WithoutCancel(ctx), 5*time.Minute)
-				defer cancel()
-			}
-			return postExecutor(ctx)
+			// Record an interrupt (backstop for interrupts that land outside the main
+			// step loop) so the post steps observe the cancelled/failed job status.
+			rc.markInterrupted(ctx.Err())
+			postCtx, cancel := postStepsContext(ctx)
+			defer cancel()
+			return postExecutor(postCtx)
 		}).
 		Finally(info.interpolateOutputs()).
 		Finally(info.closeContainer()))
 }
 
+// postStepsContext derives the context used to run the job's post/cleanup steps from the
+// finished main-pipeline context. Cleanup has to run even when the run was interrupted, so the
+// returned context always carries a fresh bounded deadline and is never itself cancelled.
+//
+//   - context.Canceled (server cancel): detach from the cancelled context via a fresh root so
+//     the post steps can run.
+//   - context.DeadlineExceeded (job timeout): detach the deadline with WithoutCancel, which
+//     keeps the original values — including the job-error container — so the timeout failure and
+//     any post-step error are preserved and the job is still reported as failed.
+//   - otherwise: run on the live context unchanged.
+func postStepsContext(ctx context.Context) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+	switch ctx.Err() {
+	case context.Canceled:
+		// The cancelled context is abandoned for a fresh root, which drops the job-error
+		// container installed at the job root. Re-attach a fresh one so a failing post step
+		// records its error via SetJobError instead of panicking on a nil container.
+		return context.WithTimeout(common.WithJobErrorContainer(common.WithLogger(context.Background(), common.Logger(ctx))), 5*time.Minute)
+	case context.DeadlineExceeded:
+		return context.WithTimeout(context.WithoutCancel(ctx), 5*time.Minute)
+	default:
+		return ctx, func() {}
+	}
+}
+
+// newStepsExecutor sequences the job's pre steps and main steps.
+//
+// The pre steps run as a normal pipeline that short-circuits on the first failure or
+// cancellation. The main-steps executor then runs unconditionally — even if a pre step failed
+// or the job was interrupted — so always()/cancelled()/failure() main steps still run, mirroring
+// GitHub Actions. This is safe because each main step re-evaluates its own `if` (a pre-step
+// failure flips the expression job status to failure, so success()-default steps skip) and
+// newMainStepsExecutor detaches from an interrupted context before running the remaining steps.
+//
+// A pre-step failure or interrupt is still propagated so the job is reported with the correct
+// conclusion; the pre error takes precedence since it happened first.
+func newStepsExecutor(rc *RunContext, preSteps, steps []common.Executor) common.Executor {
+	preExecutor := common.NewPipelineExecutor(preSteps...)
+	mainExecutor := newMainStepsExecutor(rc, steps)
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		preErr := preExecutor(ctx)
+		mainErr := mainExecutor(ctx)
+		if preErr != nil {
+			return preErr
+		}
+		return mainErr
+	}
+}
+
+// newMainStepsExecutor runs the job's main-stage step executors in order. Unlike a plain
+// pipeline, an interruption (context.Canceled from a server cancel, or context.DeadlineExceeded
+// from the job timeout) does not abandon the remaining steps: it marks the job cancelled when
+// appropriate and keeps iterating under a fresh, bounded context so steps whose `if` still
+// evaluates true — always() and cancelled() — run for cleanup, mirroring GitHub Actions. Steps
+// that default to success() skip themselves because success() is false once the job is no longer
+// successful. The main-step wrappers report their own errors and return nil, so the loop drives
+// step ordering off the context, not return values.
+func newMainStepsExecutor(rc *RunContext, steps []common.Executor) common.Executor {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		for i, step := range steps {
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				return runMainStepsAfterInterrupt(ctx, rc, steps[i:])
+			}
+			_ = step(ctx)
+		}
+		// An interrupt can land during the final step, after the loop's last context
+		// check; record it so the post steps still observe the cancelled/failed status.
+		rc.markInterrupted(ctx.Err())
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// runMainStepsAfterInterrupt runs the remaining main steps after the job context was cancelled or
+// timed out. It detaches from the interrupted context (keeping its values: logger and job error)
+// and applies a fresh deadline so always()/cancelled() steps run to completion. The original
+// interrupt error is returned so callers up the chain still see the job as cancelled/timed out.
+func runMainStepsAfterInterrupt(ctx context.Context, rc *RunContext, steps []common.Executor) error {
+	interruptErr := ctx.Err()
+	rc.markInterrupted(interruptErr)
+	freshCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.WithoutCancel(ctx), 5*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+	for _, step := range steps {
+		_ = step(freshCtx)
+	}
+	return interruptErr
+}
+
 func setJobResult(ctx context.Context, info jobInfo, rc *RunContext, success bool) {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 

act/runner/reusable_workflow.go

@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ func cloneRemoteReusableWorkflow(rc *RunContext, cloneURL, ref, targetDirectory,
 			Dir:         targetDirectory,
 			Token:       token,
 			OfflineMode: rc.Config.ActionOfflineMode,
+			Depth:       rc.Config.ActionCloneDepth,
 		})(ctx)
 	}
 }
@@ -304,30 +305,45 @@ func setReusedWorkflowCallerResult(rc *RunContext, runner Runner) common.Executo
 // getGitCloneToken returns GITEA_TOKEN when shouldCloneURLUseToken returns true,
 // otherwise returns an empty string
 func getGitCloneToken(conf *Config, cloneURL string) string {
-	if !shouldCloneURLUseToken(conf.GitHubInstance, cloneURL) {
+	if !shouldCloneURLUseToken(conf.GitHubInstance, conf.trustedActionInstance(), cloneURL) {
 		return ""
 	}
 	return conf.GetToken()
 }
 
 // For Gitea
-// shouldCloneURLUseToken returns true when the following conditions are met:
-// 1. cloneURL is from the same Gitea instance that the runner is registered to
-// 2. the cloneURL does not have basic auth embedded
-func shouldCloneURLUseToken(instanceURL, cloneURL string) bool {
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(instanceURL, "http://") &&
-		!strings.HasPrefix(instanceURL, "https://") {
-		instanceURL = "https://" + instanceURL
+// trustedActionInstance returns the self-hosted DEFAULT_ACTIONS_URL host that may carry the
+// task token, or "" when actions resolve to github.com / a GithubMirror (never trusted).
+func (c Config) trustedActionInstance() string {
+	if c.DefaultActionInstanceIsSelfHosted {
+		return c.DefaultActionInstance
 	}
-
-	u1, err1 := url.Parse(instanceURL)
-	u2, err2 := url.Parse(cloneURL)
-	if err1 != nil || err2 != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	if u2.User != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	return u1.Host == u2.Host
+	return ""
+}
+
+// For Gitea
+// shouldCloneURLUseToken returns true when the following conditions are met:
+//  1. cloneURL's host matches this Gitea instance: either the registered instance
+//     (instanceURL) or, for DEFAULT_ACTIONS_URL=self on a different hostname, the
+//     self-hosted action instance (trustedActionInstance, "" when not trusted)
+//  2. the cloneURL does not have basic auth embedded
+func shouldCloneURLUseToken(instanceURL, trustedActionInstance, cloneURL string) bool {
+	u2, err := url.Parse(cloneURL)
+	if err != nil || u2.User != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for _, candidate := range []string{instanceURL, trustedActionInstance} {
+		if candidate == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(candidate, "http://") &&
+			!strings.HasPrefix(candidate, "https://") {
+			candidate = "https://" + candidate
+		}
+		if u1, err := url.Parse(candidate); err == nil && u1.Host == u2.Host {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
 }

act/runner/reusable_workflow_test.go

@@ -136,12 +136,30 @@ func TestGetGitCloneTokenWithSchemalessGiteaInstance(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "token-value", token)
 }
 
+func TestGetGitCloneTokenSelfHostedActionsDifferentHost(t *testing.T) {
+	// The runner registered with one hostname while DEFAULT_ACTIONS_URL=self resolves
+	// actions against AppURL on a different hostname for the same instance.
+	conf := &Config{
+		GitHubInstance:                    "gitea.local",
+		DefaultActionInstance:             "https://gitea.my-nas.lan",
+		DefaultActionInstanceIsSelfHosted: true,
+		Secrets: map[string]string{
+			"GITEA_TOKEN": "token-value",
+		},
+	}
+
+	token := getGitCloneToken(conf, "https://gitea.my-nas.lan/owner/action")
+
+	require.Equal(t, "token-value", token)
+}
+
 func TestShouldCloneURLUseToken(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
-		name        string
-		instanceURL string
-		cloneURL    string
-		want        bool
+		name                  string
+		instanceURL           string
+		trustedActionInstance string
+		cloneURL              string
+		want                  bool
 	}{
 		{
 			name:        "same host with schemaless instance",
@@ -173,11 +191,37 @@ func TestShouldCloneURLUseToken(t *testing.T) {
 			cloneURL:    "://gitea.example.net/actions/tools",
 			want:        false,
 		},
+		{
+			// self-hosted DEFAULT_ACTIONS_URL on a different hostname than the
+			// registered instance: the token must still be attached.
+			name:                  "self-hosted action instance on different host",
+			instanceURL:           "gitea.local",
+			trustedActionInstance: "https://gitea.my-nas.lan",
+			cloneURL:              "https://gitea.my-nas.lan/owner/action",
+			want:                  true,
+		},
+		{
+			// embedded basic auth must still be rejected even when the host matches
+			// the trusted action instance.
+			name:                  "self-hosted action instance with embedded basic auth",
+			instanceURL:           "gitea.local",
+			trustedActionInstance: "https://gitea.my-nas.lan",
+			cloneURL:              "https://user:pass@gitea.my-nas.lan/owner/action",
+			want:                  false,
+		},
+		{
+			// github.com / mirror hosts are never trusted: trustedActionInstance is
+			// empty in github mode, so an off-instance clone URL gets no token.
+			name:        "github mode does not trust mirror host",
+			instanceURL: "gitea.local",
+			cloneURL:    "https://mirror.example.com/owner/action",
+			want:        false,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			require.Equal(t, tt.want, shouldCloneURLUseToken(tt.instanceURL, tt.cloneURL))
+			require.Equal(t, tt.want, shouldCloneURLUseToken(tt.instanceURL, tt.trustedActionInstance, tt.cloneURL))
 		})
 	}
 }

act/runner/run_context.go

@@ -73,6 +73,39 @@ type RunContext struct {
 	// captured before execution so each matrix combo interpolates from the originals rather
 	// than from a sibling's already-resolved values written into the shared Job.Outputs.
 	outputTemplate map[string]string
+	// jobCancelled records that this job's run was cancelled (context.Canceled). It makes
+	// getJobContext report the "cancelled" status so cancelled()/always() evaluate the way
+	// GitHub Actions does, letting cleanup and always() steps run while normal steps skip.
+	jobCancelled bool
+	// jobFailed records failures outside normal main-step results, such as action pre-step
+	// failures. Those failures must still make success() false and failure() true for later
+	// main-step if evaluation.
+	jobFailed bool
+}
+
+// markCancelled flags the job as cancelled so subsequent step `if` evaluations and the
+// job status context observe the "cancelled" state.
+func (rc *RunContext) markCancelled() {
+	rc.jobCancelled = true
+}
+
+// markFailed flags the job as failed so subsequent step `if` evaluations observe
+// failure even when the error happened outside a main step result.
+func (rc *RunContext) markFailed() {
+	rc.jobFailed = true
+}
+
+// markInterrupted records the job's interruption status from a context error so later step `if` evaluations and the job result observe it,
+// keeping the timeout path symmetric with the cancel path:
+//   - context.Canceled (server cancel) marks the job cancelled, matching GitHub's "only always()/cancelled() run on cancel".
+//   - context.DeadlineExceeded (job timeout-minutes) marks the job failed, matching the "Timeout -> FAILURE" reporting semantics.
+func (rc *RunContext) markInterrupted(err error) {
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, context.Canceled):
+		rc.markCancelled()
+	case errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded):
+		rc.markFailed()
+	}
 }
 
 func (rc *RunContext) AddMask(mask string) {
@@ -346,6 +379,13 @@ func (rc *RunContext) startJobContainer() common.Executor {
 
 		// add service containers
 		for serviceID, spec := range rc.Run.Job().Services {
+			// GitHub compatibility: skip services whose image evaluates to an
+			// empty string, enabling conditional services via expressions
+			serviceImage := rc.ExprEval.Interpolate(ctx, spec.Image)
+			if serviceImage == "" {
+				logger.Infof("The service '%s' will not be started because the container definition has an empty image.", serviceID)
+				continue
+			}
 			// interpolate env
 			interpolatedEnvs := make(map[string]string, len(spec.Env))
 			for k, v := range spec.Env {
@@ -384,7 +424,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) startJobContainer() common.Executor {
 			c := container.NewContainer(&container.NewContainerInput{
 				Name:           serviceContainerName,
 				WorkingDir:     ext.ToContainerPath(rc.Config.Workdir),
-				Image:          rc.ExprEval.Interpolate(ctx, spec.Image),
+				Image:          serviceImage,
 				Username:       username,
 				Password:       password,
 				Cmd:            interpolatedCmd,
@@ -904,12 +944,21 @@ func trimToLen(s string, l int) string {
 
 func (rc *RunContext) getJobContext() *model.JobContext {
 	jobStatus := "success"
+	if rc.jobFailed {
+		jobStatus = "failure"
+	}
 	for _, stepStatus := range rc.StepResults {
 		if stepStatus.Conclusion == model.StepStatusFailure {
 			jobStatus = "failure"
 			break
 		}
 	}
+	// A cancelled run takes precedence over success/failure so cancelled() is true and
+	// success()/failure() are false, matching GitHub Actions: on cancellation only
+	// always() and cancelled() steps run.
+	if rc.jobCancelled {
+		jobStatus = "cancelled"
+	}
 	return &model.JobContext{
 		Status: jobStatus,
 	}

act/runner/runner.go

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	Workdir                            string                                        // path to working directory
 	ActionCacheDir                     string                                        // path used for caching action contents
 	ActionOfflineMode                  bool                                          // when offline, use cached action contents
+	ActionCloneDepth                   int                                           // limit history when cloning an action repo; 0 clones every branch in full
 	BindWorkdir                        bool                                          // bind the workdir to the job container
 	EventName                          string                                        // name of event to run
 	EventPath                          string                                        // path to JSON file to use for event.json in containers
@@ -72,18 +73,24 @@ type Config struct {
 	ContainerNetworkCreateOptions      container.NewDockerNetworkCreateExecutorInput // the default network create options
 	ActionCache                        ActionCache                                   // Use a custom ActionCache Implementation
 
-	PresetGitHubContext   *model.GithubContext         // the preset github context, overrides some fields like DefaultBranch, Env, Secrets etc.
-	EventJSON             string                       // the content of JSON file to use for event.json in containers, overrides EventPath
-	ContainerNamePrefix   string                       // the prefix of container name
-	ContainerMaxLifetime  time.Duration                // the max lifetime of job containers
-	CleanWorkdir          bool                         // remove host executor workdir on teardown
-	DefaultActionInstance string                       // the default actions web site
-	PlatformPicker        func(labels []string) string // platform picker, it will take precedence over Platforms if isn't nil
-	JobLoggerLevel        *log.Level                   // the level of job logger
-	ValidVolumes          []string                     // only volumes (and bind mounts) in this slice can be mounted on the job container or service containers
-	InsecureSkipTLS       bool                         // whether to skip verifying TLS certificate of the Gitea instance
-	MaxParallel           int                          // max parallel jobs to run across all workflows (0 = no limit, uses CPU count)
-	AllocatePTY           bool                         // allocate a pseudo-TTY for each step's process
+	PresetGitHubContext   *model.GithubContext // the preset github context, overrides some fields like DefaultBranch, Env, Secrets etc.
+	EventJSON             string               // the content of JSON file to use for event.json in containers, overrides EventPath
+	ContainerNamePrefix   string               // the prefix of container name
+	ContainerMaxLifetime  time.Duration        // the max lifetime of job containers
+	CleanWorkdir          bool                 // remove host executor workdir on teardown
+	DefaultActionInstance string               // the default actions web site
+	// DefaultActionInstanceIsSelfHosted reports whether DefaultActionInstance is this
+	// self-hosted Gitea (DEFAULT_ACTIONS_URL=self). It gates token trust: only then may the
+	// task token be attached to action clone URLs on DefaultActionInstance's host, which can
+	// differ from GitHubInstance when the runner registered with a different hostname than
+	// AppURL. It is never set for github.com or a GithubMirror, so the token stays on-instance.
+	DefaultActionInstanceIsSelfHosted bool
+	PlatformPicker                    func(labels []string) string // platform picker, it will take precedence over Platforms if isn't nil
+	JobLoggerLevel                    *log.Level                   // the level of job logger
+	ValidVolumes                      []string                     // only volumes (and bind mounts) in this slice can be mounted on the job container or service containers
+	InsecureSkipTLS                   bool                         // whether to skip verifying TLS certificate of the Gitea instance
+	MaxParallel                       int                          // max parallel jobs to run across all workflows (0 = no limit, uses CPU count)
+	AllocatePTY                       bool                         // allocate a pseudo-TTY for each step's process
 }
 
 // GetToken: Adapt to Gitea

act/runner/runner_test.go

@@ -303,6 +303,7 @@ func TestRunEvent(t *testing.T) {
 		// services
 		{workdir, "services", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 		{workdir, "services-with-container", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
+		{workdir, "services-empty-image", "push", "", platforms, secrets},
 
 		// local remote action overrides
 		{workdir, "local-remote-action-overrides", "push", "", platforms, secrets},

act/runner/step_action_remote.go

@@ -114,13 +114,23 @@ func (sar *stepActionRemote) prepareActionExecutor() common.Executor {
 
 		actionDir := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", sar.RunContext.ActionCacheDir(), sar.Step.UsesHash())
 		defaultActionURL := sar.RunContext.Config.DefaultActionURL()
-		token := getGitCloneToken(sar.getRunContext().Config, sar.remoteAction.CloneURL(defaultActionURL))
+		// For Gitea
+		// A composite RunContext nils Config.Secrets, so getGitCloneToken would yield an
+		// empty token and clone the action anonymously (401 against the authenticated
+		// instance). github.Token survives the composite config copy and matches the
+		// top-level token; keep the shouldCloneURLUseToken host gate to avoid leaking it.
+		cloneURL := sar.remoteAction.CloneURL(defaultActionURL)
+		token := ""
+		if shouldCloneURLUseToken(sar.RunContext.Config.GitHubInstance, sar.RunContext.Config.trustedActionInstance(), cloneURL) {
+			token = github.Token
+		}
 		gitClone := stepActionRemoteNewCloneExecutor(git.NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
-			URL:         sar.remoteAction.CloneURL(defaultActionURL),
+			URL:         cloneURL,
 			Ref:         sar.remoteAction.Ref,
 			Dir:         actionDir,
 			Token:       token,
 			OfflineMode: sar.RunContext.Config.ActionOfflineMode,
+			Depth:       sar.RunContext.Config.ActionCloneDepth,
 
 			InsecureSkipTLS: sar.cloneSkipTLS(), // For Gitea
 		})

act/runner/step_action_remote_test.go

@@ -838,3 +838,83 @@ func Test_safeFilename(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// Regression: a nested action in a composite cloned anonymously (401) because the
+// composite RunContext nils Config.Secrets. The token must come from github.Token,
+// which survives the config copy; the host gate must still withhold it cross-host.
+func TestStepActionRemoteCloneTokenSurvivesNilSecrets(t *testing.T) {
+	const wantToken = "job-token"
+
+	table := []struct {
+		name                  string
+		gitHubInstance        string
+		defaultActionInstance string
+		wantCloneToken        string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "same host forwards token despite nil secrets",
+			gitHubInstance: "gitea.example.com",
+			wantCloneToken: wantToken,
+		},
+		{
+			name:                  "foreign host is not given the token",
+			gitHubInstance:        "gitea.example.com",
+			defaultActionInstance: "github.com",
+			wantCloneToken:        "",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range table {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx := context.Background()
+
+			var capturedToken string
+			origStepAtionRemoteNewCloneExecutor := stepActionRemoteNewCloneExecutor
+			stepActionRemoteNewCloneExecutor = func(input git.NewGitCloneExecutorInput) common.Executor {
+				capturedToken = input.Token
+				return func(ctx context.Context) error { return nil }
+			}
+			defer (func() {
+				stepActionRemoteNewCloneExecutor = origStepAtionRemoteNewCloneExecutor
+			})()
+
+			sarm := &stepActionRemoteMocks{}
+			sar := &stepActionRemote{
+				Step: &model.Step{Uses: "org/repo@v1"},
+				RunContext: &RunContext{
+					Config: &Config{
+						GitHubInstance:        tt.gitHubInstance,
+						DefaultActionInstance: tt.defaultActionInstance,
+						ActionCacheDir:        "/tmp/test-cache",
+						// Mirrors the state of a composite RunContext: job secrets are
+						// stripped, but the job token is still reachable via Config.Token.
+						Secrets: nil,
+						Token:   wantToken,
+					},
+					Run: &model.Run{
+						JobID: "1",
+						Workflow: &model.Workflow{
+							Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"1": {}},
+						},
+					},
+					StepResults: map[string]*model.StepResult{},
+				},
+				readAction: sarm.readAction,
+			}
+			sar.RunContext.ExprEval = sar.RunContext.NewExpressionEvaluator(ctx)
+
+			suffixMatcher := func(suffix string) any {
+				return mock.MatchedBy(func(actionDir string) bool {
+					return strings.HasSuffix(actionDir, suffix)
+				})
+			}
+			sarm.On("readAction", sar.Step, suffixMatcher(sar.Step.UsesHash()), "", mock.Anything, mock.Anything).Return(&model.Action{}, nil)
+
+			err := sar.prepareActionExecutor()(ctx)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantCloneToken, capturedToken)
+
+			sarm.AssertExpectations(t)
+		})
+	}
+}

act/runner/testdata/services-empty-image/push.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+name: services-empty-image
+on: push
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    services:
+      db:
+        image: ${{ false && 'postgres:16' || '' }}
+    steps:
+      - run: echo "empty-image service was skipped"

go.mod

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0
 	github.com/creack/pty v1.1.24
 	github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0
-	github.com/docker/cli v29.6.0+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/cli v29.6.1+incompatible
 	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.7.0
 	github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5 v5.9.0
 	github.com/go-git/go-git/v5 v5.19.1
@@ -22,13 +22,14 @@ require (
 	github.com/kballard/go-shellquote v0.0.0-20180428030007-95032a82bc51
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.22
 	github.com/moby/go-archive v0.2.0
-	github.com/moby/moby/api v1.54.2
-	github.com/moby/moby/client v0.4.1
+	github.com/moby/moby/api v1.55.0
+	github.com/moby/moby/client v0.5.0
 	github.com/moby/patternmatcher v0.6.1
 	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1
 	github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.15.1
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2
+	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2
 	github.com/rhysd/actionlint v1.7.12
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.4
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.2
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/timshannon/bolthold v0.0.0-20240314194003-30aac6950928
 	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.5.0
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v4 v4.0.0-rc.3
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.46.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0
 	golang.org/x/term v0.44.0
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11
 	gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2
@@ -84,7 +85,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pjbgf/sha1cd v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.66.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.17.0 // indirect
 	github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ github.com/docker/cli v29.5.3+incompatible h1:nbEFfz774vBwQ5KRYv7c/AghjReqnGISvr
 github.com/docker/cli v29.5.3+incompatible/go.mod h1:JLrzqnKDaYBop7H2jaqPtU4hHvMKP+vjCwu2uszcLI8=
 github.com/docker/cli v29.6.0+incompatible h1:nw9himxMMZ7eIeherJNlKQq+acnlzGgHd+4uf10QRSc=
 github.com/docker/cli v29.6.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:JLrzqnKDaYBop7H2jaqPtU4hHvMKP+vjCwu2uszcLI8=
+github.com/docker/cli v29.6.1+incompatible h1:oO7F4nn3Ovr/5TlfTUWFbMwBSS/B7Xs6Epv26gBrUP8=
+github.com/docker/cli v29.6.1+incompatible/go.mod h1:JLrzqnKDaYBop7H2jaqPtU4hHvMKP+vjCwu2uszcLI8=
 github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.9.6 h1:cT2PbRPSlnMmNTfT2TDMXRyQ1KMWHG7xoTLBcn1ZNv0=
 github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.9.6/go.mod h1:v1S+hepowrQXITkEfw6o4+BMbGot02wiKpzWhGUZK6c=
 github.com/docker/go-connections v0.7.0 h1:6SsRfJddP22WMrCkj19x9WKjEDTB+ahsdiGYf0mN39c=
@@ -131,8 +133,12 @@ github.com/moby/go-archive v0.2.0 h1:zg5QDUM2mi0JIM9fdQZWC7U8+2ZfixfTYoHL7rWUcP8
 github.com/moby/go-archive v0.2.0/go.mod h1:mNeivT14o8xU+5q1YnNrkQVpK+dnNe/K6fHqnTg4qPU=
 github.com/moby/moby/api v1.54.2 h1:wiat9QAhnDQjA7wk1kh/TqHz2I1uUA7M7t9SAl/JNXg=
 github.com/moby/moby/api v1.54.2/go.mod h1:+RQ6wluLwtYaTd1WnPLykIDPekkuyD/ROWQClE83pzs=
+github.com/moby/moby/api v1.55.0 h1:2/sexvQyqIWS8pRSCFddBfpW2qE7vR7FCL+vN8pxwMc=
+github.com/moby/moby/api v1.55.0/go.mod h1:+RQ6wluLwtYaTd1WnPLykIDPekkuyD/ROWQClE83pzs=
 github.com/moby/moby/client v0.4.1 h1:DMQgisVoMkmMs7fp3ROSdiBnoAu8+vo3GggFl06M/wY=
 github.com/moby/moby/client v0.4.1/go.mod h1:z52C9O2POPOsnxZAy//WtKcQ32P+jT/NGeXu/7nfjGQ=
+github.com/moby/moby/client v0.5.0 h1:5XhyPk2fuOWf6RlSFa3MkIIgDZkF25xToXW8Q/BH7cc=
+github.com/moby/moby/client v0.5.0/go.mod h1:rcVpF8ncl9vo5gaIBdol6CnbEtSj1uxMvEV/UrykF/s=
 github.com/moby/patternmatcher v0.6.1 h1:qlhtafmr6kgMIJjKJMDmMWq7WLkKIo23hsrpR3x084U=
 github.com/moby/patternmatcher v0.6.1/go.mod h1:hDPoyOpDY7OrrMDLaYoY3hf52gNCR/YOUYxkhApJIxc=
 github.com/moby/sys/sequential v0.6.0 h1:qrx7XFUd/5DxtqcoH1h438hF5TmOvzC/lspjy7zgvCU=
@@ -256,6 +262,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.4.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.15.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.46.0 h1:noSf2Fq6F8DBgS+LysIkx7rIExoNHJsxOAtPp4rthXw=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.46.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0 h1:o7XGOvZQCADBQQ4Y7VNq2dRWQR7JmOUW8Kxx4ZsNgWs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.44.0 h1:0rLvDRCtNj0gZkyIXhCyOb2OAzEhLVqc4B+hrsBhrmc=
 golang.org/x/term v0.44.0/go.mod h1:7ze4MdzUzLXpSAoFP1H0bOI9aXDqveSvatT5vKcFh2Y=

internal/app/cmd/daemon_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/pkg/config"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestGetDockerSocketPathUsesConfigAndEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
+	got, err := getDockerSocketPath("tcp://docker.example:2376")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "tcp://docker.example:2376", got)
+
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_HOST", "unix:///tmp/docker.sock")
+	got, err = getDockerSocketPath("-")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "unix:///tmp/docker.sock", got)
+}
+
+func TestInitLoggingSetsLevelAndCaller(t *testing.T) {
+	oldLevel := log.GetLevel()
+	oldReportCaller := log.StandardLogger().ReportCaller
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		log.SetLevel(oldLevel)
+		log.SetReportCaller(oldReportCaller)
+	})
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{}
+	cfg.Log.Level = "debug"
+	initLogging(cfg)
+
+	require.Equal(t, log.DebugLevel, log.GetLevel())
+	require.True(t, log.StandardLogger().ReportCaller)
+}

internal/app/cmd/exec.go

@@ -443,10 +443,11 @@ func runExec(ctx context.Context, execArgs *executeArgs) func(cmd *cobra.Command
 			NoSkipCheckout:        execArgs.noSkipCheckout,
 			// PresetGitHubContext:   preset,
 			// EventJSON:             string(eventJSON),
-			ContainerNamePrefix:   "GITEA-ACTIONS-TASK-" + eventName,
-			ContainerMaxLifetime:  maxLifetime,
-			ContainerNetworkMode:  container.NetworkMode(execArgs.network),
-			DefaultActionInstance: execArgs.defaultActionsURL,
+			ContainerNamePrefix:               "GITEA-ACTIONS-TASK-" + eventName,
+			ContainerMaxLifetime:              maxLifetime,
+			ContainerNetworkMode:              container.NetworkMode(execArgs.network),
+			DefaultActionInstance:             execArgs.defaultActionsURL,
+			DefaultActionInstanceIsSelfHosted: execArgs.defaultActionsURL != "" && execArgs.defaultActionsURL != "https://github.com",
 			PlatformPicker: func(_ []string) string {
 				return execArgs.image
 			},

internal/app/cmd/exec_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/model"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v4"
+)
+
+func TestExecuteArgsResolve(t *testing.T) {
+	workdir := t.TempDir()
+	args := &executeArgs{workdir: workdir}
+
+	require.Empty(t, args.resolve(""))
+	require.Equal(t, filepath.Join(workdir, "sub", "file"), args.resolve("sub/file"))
+
+	abs := filepath.Join(workdir, "abs")
+	require.Equal(t, abs, args.resolve(abs))
+}
+
+func TestExecuteArgsPaths(t *testing.T) {
+	workdir := t.TempDir()
+	args := &executeArgs{
+		workdir:       workdir,
+		workflowsPath: ".gitea/workflows",
+		envfile:       ".env",
+	}
+
+	require.Equal(t, filepath.Join(workdir, ".gitea/workflows"), args.WorkflowsPath())
+	require.Equal(t, filepath.Join(workdir, ".env"), args.Envfile())
+	require.Equal(t, workdir, args.Workdir())
+}
+
+func TestExecuteArgsLoadVars(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Empty(t, (&executeArgs{}).LoadVars())
+
+	args := &executeArgs{vars: []string{"FOO=bar", "EMPTY", "WITH=eq=sign"}}
+	require.Equal(t, map[string]string{
+		"FOO":   "bar",
+		"EMPTY": "",
+		"WITH":  "eq=sign",
+	}, args.LoadVars())
+}
+
+func TestExecuteArgsLoadSecrets(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("FROMENV", "from-env-value")
+
+	args := &executeArgs{secrets: []string{"token=abc", "fromenv"}}
+	require.Equal(t, map[string]string{
+		"TOKEN":   "abc",
+		"FROMENV": "from-env-value",
+	}, args.LoadSecrets())
+}
+
+func TestReadEnvs(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	envFile := filepath.Join(dir, ".env")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envFile, []byte("FOO=bar\nBAZ=qux\n"), 0o600))
+
+	envs := map[string]string{"EXISTING": "keep"}
+	require.True(t, readEnvs(envFile, envs))
+	require.Equal(t, map[string]string{
+		"EXISTING": "keep",
+		"FOO":      "bar",
+		"BAZ":      "qux",
+	}, envs)
+
+	missing := map[string]string{}
+	require.False(t, readEnvs(filepath.Join(dir, "does-not-exist"), missing))
+	require.Empty(t, missing)
+}
+
+func TestRunExecListUsesJobEventAndAllPlans(t *testing.T) {
+	planner := &fakeWorkflowPlanner{
+		events: []string{"push", "pull_request"},
+		plans: map[string]*model.Plan{
+			"job:build":  listPlan("build", "Build", "push"),
+			"event:push": listPlan("test", "Test", "push"),
+			"all":        listPlan("lint", "Lint", "push"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	out := captureStdout(t, func() {
+		require.NoError(t, runExecList(planner, &executeArgs{job: "build"}))
+		require.NoError(t, runExecList(planner, &executeArgs{event: "push"}))
+		require.NoError(t, runExecList(planner, &executeArgs{autodetectEvent: true}))
+		require.NoError(t, runExecList(planner, &executeArgs{}))
+	})
+
+	require.Contains(t, out, "Build")
+	require.Contains(t, out, "Test")
+	require.Contains(t, out, "Lint")
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"job:build", "event:push", "event:push", "all"}, planner.calls)
+}
+
+func TestPrintListReportsDuplicateJobIDs(t *testing.T) {
+	workflowA := workflowForList("A", "a.yml", "push", "build", "Build A")
+	workflowB := workflowForList("B", "b.yml", "pull_request", "build", "Build B")
+	plan := &model.Plan{Stages: []*model.Stage{{
+		Runs: []*model.Run{
+			{Workflow: workflowA, JobID: "build"},
+			{Workflow: workflowB, JobID: "build"},
+		},
+	}}}
+
+	out := captureStdout(t, func() {
+		printList(plan)
+	})
+
+	require.Contains(t, out, "Workflow file")
+	require.Contains(t, out, "Build A")
+	require.Contains(t, out, "Build B")
+	require.Contains(t, out, "Detected multiple jobs with the same job name")
+}
+
+func TestLoadExecCmdDefinesExpectedFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := loadExecCmd(context.Background())
+
+	for _, name := range []string{
+		"list",
+		"job",
+		"event",
+		"workflows",
+		"directory",
+		"env",
+		"secret",
+		"var",
+		"dryrun",
+		"image",
+		"gitea-instance",
+	} {
+		if cmd.Flags().Lookup(name) == nil && cmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup(name) == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected flag %q to be registered", name)
+		}
+	}
+
+	require.Equal(t, "exec", cmd.Use)
+	require.NoError(t, cmd.Args(cmd, strings.Split("a b c", " ")))
+	require.Error(t, cmd.Args(cmd, strings.Fields(strings.Repeat("arg ", 21))))
+}
+
+type fakeWorkflowPlanner struct {
+	events []string
+	plans  map[string]*model.Plan
+	calls  []string
+}
+
+func (p *fakeWorkflowPlanner) PlanEvent(eventName string) (*model.Plan, error) {
+	p.calls = append(p.calls, "event:"+eventName)
+	return p.plans["event:"+eventName], nil
+}
+
+func (p *fakeWorkflowPlanner) PlanJob(jobName string) (*model.Plan, error) {
+	p.calls = append(p.calls, "job:"+jobName)
+	return p.plans["job:"+jobName], nil
+}
+
+func (p *fakeWorkflowPlanner) PlanAll() (*model.Plan, error) {
+	p.calls = append(p.calls, "all")
+	return p.plans["all"], nil
+}
+
+func (p *fakeWorkflowPlanner) GetEvents() []string {
+	return p.events
+}
+
+func listPlan(jobID, jobName, event string) *model.Plan {
+	workflow := workflowForList("Workflow "+jobID, jobID+".yml", event, jobID, jobName)
+	return &model.Plan{Stages: []*model.Stage{{Runs: []*model.Run{{Workflow: workflow, JobID: jobID}}}}}
+}
+
+func workflowForList(name, file, event, jobID, jobName string) *model.Workflow {
+	return &model.Workflow{
+		Name:  name,
+		File:  file,
+		RawOn: rawOnNode(event),
+		Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{
+			jobID: {Name: jobName},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func rawOnNode(event string) yaml.Node {
+	var node yaml.Node
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(event), &node); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return *node.Content[0]
+}
+
+func captureStdout(t *testing.T, fn func()) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	old := os.Stdout
+	r, w, err := os.Pipe()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	os.Stdout = w
+
+	fn()
+
+	require.NoError(t, w.Close())
+	os.Stdout = old
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	_, err = io.Copy(&buf, r)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, r.Close())
+	return buf.String()
+}

internal/app/cmd/register_test.go

@@ -4,8 +4,12 @@
 package cmd
 
 import (
+	"os"
 	"testing"
 
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/pkg/config"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"gotest.tools/v3/assert"
 )
 
@@ -17,3 +21,136 @@ func TestRegisterNonInteractiveReturnsLabelValidationError(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	assert.Error(t, err, "unsupported schema: invalid")
 }
+
+func TestRegisterInputsValidate(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		inputs  registerInputs
+		wantErr string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "empty instance address",
+			inputs:  registerInputs{Token: "token"},
+			wantErr: "instance address is empty",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "empty token",
+			inputs:  registerInputs{InstanceAddr: "http://localhost:3000"},
+			wantErr: "token is empty",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "invalid label",
+			inputs:  registerInputs{InstanceAddr: "http://localhost:3000", Token: "token", Labels: []string{"ubuntu:vm:bad"}},
+			wantErr: "unsupported schema: vm",
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "valid",
+			inputs: registerInputs{InstanceAddr: "http://localhost:3000", Token: "token", Labels: []string{"ubuntu:host"}},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := tt.inputs.validate()
+			if tt.wantErr != "" {
+				require.EqualError(t, err, tt.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateLabels(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, validateLabels([]string{"ubuntu:host", "ubuntu:docker://node:18"}))
+	require.Error(t, validateLabels([]string{"ubuntu:host", "ubuntu:vm:bad"}))
+}
+
+func TestRegisterInputsStageValue(t *testing.T) {
+	inputs := &registerInputs{
+		InstanceAddr: "http://localhost:3000",
+		Token:        "token",
+		RunnerName:   "runner",
+		Labels:       []string{"ubuntu:host", "ubuntu:docker://node:18"},
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, "http://localhost:3000", inputs.stageValue(StageInputInstance))
+	require.Equal(t, "token", inputs.stageValue(StageInputToken))
+	require.Equal(t, "runner", inputs.stageValue(StageInputRunnerName))
+	require.Equal(t, "ubuntu:host,ubuntu:docker://node:18", inputs.stageValue(StageInputLabels))
+	require.Empty(t, (&registerInputs{}).stageValue(StageInputLabels))
+	require.Empty(t, inputs.stageValue(StageWaitingForRegistration))
+}
+
+func TestRegisterInputsAssignToNext(t *testing.T) {
+	emptyCfg := &config.Config{}
+
+	t.Run("instance and token stay on empty value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		inputs := &registerInputs{}
+		require.Equal(t, StageInputInstance, inputs.assignToNext(StageInputInstance, "", emptyCfg))
+		require.Equal(t, StageInputToken, inputs.assignToNext(StageInputToken, "", emptyCfg))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("instance then token then runner name", func(t *testing.T) {
+		inputs := &registerInputs{}
+		require.Equal(t, StageInputToken, inputs.assignToNext(StageInputInstance, "http://localhost:3000", emptyCfg))
+		require.Equal(t, "http://localhost:3000", inputs.InstanceAddr)
+		require.Equal(t, StageInputRunnerName, inputs.assignToNext(StageInputToken, "token", emptyCfg))
+		require.Equal(t, "token", inputs.Token)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty runner name falls back to hostname", func(t *testing.T) {
+		inputs := &registerInputs{}
+		require.Equal(t, StageInputLabels, inputs.assignToNext(StageInputRunnerName, "", emptyCfg))
+		hostname, _ := os.Hostname()
+		require.Equal(t, hostname, inputs.RunnerName)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("labels from config skip the labels stage", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cfg := &config.Config{}
+		cfg.Runner.Labels = []string{"ubuntu:host", "ubuntu:vm:bad"}
+		inputs := &registerInputs{}
+		require.Equal(t, StageWaitingForRegistration, inputs.assignToNext(StageInputRunnerName, "runner", cfg))
+		// only the valid label survives
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"ubuntu:host"}, inputs.Labels)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("blank labels input uses defaults", func(t *testing.T) {
+		inputs := &registerInputs{}
+		require.Equal(t, StageWaitingForRegistration, inputs.assignToNext(StageInputLabels, "", emptyCfg))
+		require.Equal(t, defaultLabels, inputs.Labels)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("invalid labels input loops back", func(t *testing.T) {
+		inputs := &registerInputs{}
+		require.Equal(t, StageInputLabels, inputs.assignToNext(StageInputLabels, "ubuntu:vm:bad", emptyCfg))
+		require.Nil(t, inputs.Labels)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("overwrite local config", func(t *testing.T) {
+		inputs := &registerInputs{}
+		require.Equal(t, StageInputInstance, inputs.assignToNext(StageOverwriteLocalConfig, "Y", emptyCfg))
+		require.Equal(t, StageInputInstance, inputs.assignToNext(StageOverwriteLocalConfig, "y", emptyCfg))
+		require.Equal(t, StageExit, inputs.assignToNext(StageOverwriteLocalConfig, "n", emptyCfg))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unknown stage", func(t *testing.T) {
+		inputs := &registerInputs{}
+		require.Equal(t, StageUnknown, inputs.assignToNext(StageWaitingForRegistration, "x", emptyCfg))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestInitInputs(t *testing.T) {
+	inputs := initInputs(&registerArgs{
+		InstanceAddr: "http://localhost:3000",
+		Token:        "token",
+		RunnerName:   "runner",
+		Ephemeral:    true,
+		Labels:       " ubuntu:host , ubuntu:docker://node:18 ",
+	})
+	require.Equal(t, "http://localhost:3000", inputs.InstanceAddr)
+	require.Equal(t, "token", inputs.Token)
+	require.Equal(t, "runner", inputs.RunnerName)
+	require.True(t, inputs.Ephemeral)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"ubuntu:host ", " ubuntu:docker://node:18"}, inputs.Labels)
+
+	require.Nil(t, initInputs(&registerArgs{Labels: "  "}).Labels)
+}

internal/app/run/runner.go

@@ -299,6 +299,15 @@ func (r *Runner) getDefaultActionsURL(task *runnerv1.Task) string {
 	return giteaDefaultActionsURL
 }
 
+// isSelfHostedActionsURL reports whether actions resolve to this self-hosted Gitea
+// (DEFAULT_ACTIONS_URL=self), i.e. gitea_default_actions_url is AppURL rather than
+// github.com (which may be mirror-substituted by getDefaultActionsURL). Only then may the
+// task token be attached to action clone URLs on the actions instance host.
+func (r *Runner) isSelfHostedActionsURL(task *runnerv1.Task) bool {
+	giteaDefaultActionsURL := task.Context.Fields["gitea_default_actions_url"].GetStringValue()
+	return giteaDefaultActionsURL != "" && giteaDefaultActionsURL != "https://github.com"
+}
+
 func (r *Runner) run(ctx context.Context, task *runnerv1.Task, reporter *report.Reporter) (err error) {
 	defer func() {
 		if r := recover(); r != nil {
@@ -396,6 +405,12 @@ func (r *Runner) run(ctx context.Context, task *runnerv1.Task, reporter *report.
 		maxLifetime = time.Until(deadline)
 	}
 
+	// shallow clones the requested ref at depth 1, otherwise 0 means a full clone
+	actionCloneDepth := 1
+	if r.cfg.Runner.ActionShallowClone != nil && !*r.cfg.Runner.ActionShallowClone {
+		actionCloneDepth = 0
+	}
+
 	workdirParent := strings.TrimLeft(r.cfg.Container.WorkdirParent, "/")
 	if r.cfg.Container.BindWorkdir {
 		// Append the task ID to isolate concurrent jobs from the same repo.
@@ -418,6 +433,7 @@ func (r *Runner) run(ctx context.Context, task *runnerv1.Task, reporter *report.
 		ActionCacheDir:    filepath.FromSlash(r.cfg.Host.WorkdirParent),
 		AllocatePTY:       r.cfg.Runner.AllocatePTY,
 		ActionOfflineMode: r.cfg.Cache.OfflineMode,
+		ActionCloneDepth:  actionCloneDepth,
 
 		ReuseContainers:      false,
 		ForcePull:            r.cfg.Container.ForcePull,
@@ -439,14 +455,15 @@ func (r *Runner) run(ctx context.Context, task *runnerv1.Task, reporter *report.
 			EnableIPv4: r.cfg.Container.NetworkCreateOptions.EnableIPv4,
 			EnableIPv6: r.cfg.Container.NetworkCreateOptions.EnableIPv6,
 		},
-		ContainerOptions:      r.cfg.Container.Options,
-		ContainerDaemonSocket: r.cfg.Container.DockerHost,
-		Privileged:            r.cfg.Container.Privileged,
-		DefaultActionInstance: r.getDefaultActionsURL(task),
-		PlatformPicker:        r.labels.PickPlatform,
-		Vars:                  task.Vars,
-		ValidVolumes:          r.cfg.Container.ValidVolumes,
-		InsecureSkipTLS:       r.cfg.Runner.Insecure,
+		ContainerOptions:                  r.cfg.Container.Options,
+		ContainerDaemonSocket:             r.cfg.Container.DockerHost,
+		Privileged:                        r.cfg.Container.Privileged,
+		DefaultActionInstance:             r.getDefaultActionsURL(task),
+		DefaultActionInstanceIsSelfHosted: r.isSelfHostedActionsURL(task),
+		PlatformPicker:                    r.labels.PickPlatform,
+		Vars:                              task.Vars,
+		ValidVolumes:                      r.cfg.Container.ValidVolumes,
+		InsecureSkipTLS:                   r.cfg.Runner.Insecure,
 	}
 
 	rr, err := runner.New(runnerConfig)

internal/app/run/runner_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package run
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	clientmocks "gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/pkg/client/mocks"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/pkg/config"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/pkg/ver"
+
+	"connectrpc.com/connect"
+	runnerv1 "gitea.dev/actions-proto-go/runner/v1"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/mock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/structpb"
+)
+
+func TestRunnerCapabilitiesAndDeclare(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, []string{CapabilityCancelling}, RunnerCapabilities())
+
+	cli := clientmocks.NewClient(t)
+	cli.On("Declare", mock.Anything, mock.MatchedBy(func(req *connect.Request[runnerv1.DeclareRequest]) bool {
+		return req.Msg.Version == ver.Version() &&
+			len(req.Msg.Labels) == 1 &&
+			req.Msg.Labels[0] == "ubuntu" &&
+			len(req.Msg.Capabilities) == 1 &&
+			req.Msg.Capabilities[0] == CapabilityCancelling
+	})).Return(connect.NewResponse(&runnerv1.DeclareResponse{}), nil)
+
+	r := &Runner{client: cli}
+	_, err := r.Declare(context.Background(), []string{"ubuntu"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestRunnerSetCapabilitiesFromDeclare(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &Runner{}
+	r.SetCapabilitiesFromDeclare(nil)
+	require.Empty(t, r.capabilities)
+
+	resp := connect.NewResponse(&runnerv1.DeclareResponse{})
+	resp.Header().Set("X-Gitea-Actions-Capabilities", " cancelling,cache-v2 ")
+	r.SetCapabilitiesFromDeclare(resp)
+	require.Equal(t, "cancelling,cache-v2", r.capabilities)
+}
+
+func TestRunnerDefaultActionsURLUsesMirrorOnlyForGithub(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &Runner{cfg: &config.Config{}}
+	r.cfg.Runner.GithubMirror = "https://mirror.example"
+
+	task := taskWithDefaultActionsURL("https://github.com")
+	require.Equal(t, "https://mirror.example", r.getDefaultActionsURL(task))
+
+	task = taskWithDefaultActionsURL("https://gitea.example")
+	require.Equal(t, "https://gitea.example", r.getDefaultActionsURL(task))
+}
+
+func TestRunnerRunningCountAndNullLogger(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &Runner{}
+	require.Equal(t, int64(0), r.RunningCount())
+	r.runningCount.Add(2)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(2), r.RunningCount())
+
+	logger := NullLogger{}.WithJobLogger()
+	require.NotNil(t, logger)
+	require.NotNil(t, logger.Out)
+}
+
+func TestNewRunnerInitializesLabelsAndEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
+	cacheEnabled := false
+	cfg := &config.Config{}
+	cfg.Cache.Enabled = &cacheEnabled
+	cfg.Runner.Envs = map[string]string{"EXISTING": "value"}
+	reg := &config.Registration{
+		Name:   "runner",
+		Labels: []string{"ubuntu:host", "bad:vm:label"},
+	}
+	cli := clientmocks.NewClient(t)
+	cli.On("Address").Return("https://gitea.example/").Maybe()
+
+	r := NewRunner(cfg, reg, cli)
+
+	require.Equal(t, "runner", r.name)
+	require.Len(t, r.labels, 1)
+	require.Equal(t, "value", r.envs["EXISTING"])
+	require.Equal(t, "https://gitea.example/api/actions_pipeline/", r.envs["ACTIONS_RUNTIME_URL"])
+	require.Equal(t, "https://gitea.example", r.envs["ACTIONS_RESULTS_URL"])
+	require.Equal(t, "true", r.envs["GITEA_ACTIONS"])
+	require.NotEmpty(t, r.envs["GITEA_ACTIONS_RUNNER_VERSION"])
+	require.Nil(t, r.cacheHandler)
+}
+
+func taskWithDefaultActionsURL(url string) *runnerv1.Task {
+	return &runnerv1.Task{
+		Context: &structpb.Struct{
+			Fields: map[string]*structpb.Value{
+				"gitea_default_actions_url": structpb.NewStringValue(url),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}

internal/pkg/client/http_test.go

@@ -5,8 +5,12 @@ package client
 
 import (
 	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"connectrpc.com/connect"
+	pingv1 "gitea.dev/actions-proto-go/ping/v1"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
@@ -25,3 +29,67 @@ func TestGetHTTPClientUsesProxyFromEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NotNil(t, proxyURL)
 	require.Equal(t, "http://proxy.example.com:8080", proxyURL.String())
 }
+
+func TestGetHTTPClientInsecureTLS(t *testing.T) {
+	// insecure only takes effect for https endpoints
+	httpsInsecure := getHTTPClient("https://gitea.example.com", true)
+	transport, ok := httpsInsecure.Transport.(*http.Transport)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.NotNil(t, transport.TLSClientConfig)
+	require.True(t, transport.TLSClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify)
+
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name     string
+		endpoint string
+		insecure bool
+	}{
+		{"https secure", "https://gitea.example.com", false},
+		{"http insecure ignored", "http://gitea.example.com", true},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			c := getHTTPClient(tc.endpoint, tc.insecure)
+			tr, ok := c.Transport.(*http.Transport)
+			require.True(t, ok)
+			require.Nil(t, tr.TLSClientConfig)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewSetsBaseURLAndHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	var gotPath string
+	gotHeaders := make(http.Header)
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		gotPath = r.URL.Path
+		gotHeaders = r.Header.Clone()
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	// trailing slash must be trimmed before "/api/actions" is appended
+	c := New(server.URL+"/", false, "the-uuid", "the-token")
+	// Address returns the endpoint as supplied (untrimmed)
+	require.Equal(t, server.URL+"/", c.Address())
+	require.False(t, c.Insecure())
+
+	// the call is expected to fail (server returns 500), we only assert what was sent
+	_, _ = c.Ping(t.Context(), connect.NewRequest(&pingv1.PingRequest{Data: "hi"}))
+
+	require.True(t, strings.HasPrefix(gotPath, "/api/actions/"), "unexpected path %q", gotPath)
+	require.Equal(t, "the-uuid", gotHeaders.Get(UUIDHeader))
+	require.Equal(t, "the-token", gotHeaders.Get(TokenHeader))
+}
+
+func TestNewOmitsEmptyHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	gotHeaders := make(http.Header)
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		gotHeaders = r.Header.Clone()
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	c := New(server.URL, false, "", "")
+	_, _ = c.Ping(t.Context(), connect.NewRequest(&pingv1.PingRequest{Data: "hi"}))
+
+	require.Empty(t, gotHeaders.Get(UUIDHeader))
+	require.Empty(t, gotHeaders.Get(TokenHeader))
+}

internal/pkg/config/config.example.yaml

@@ -69,6 +69,9 @@ runner:
   # and github_mirror is not empty. In this case,
   # it replaces https://github.com with the value here, which is useful for some special network environments.
   github_mirror: ''
+  # When true (the default), fetch only the requested ref of an action repository (e.g. actions/checkout@v4) at depth 1 instead of cloning every branch's full history. 
+  # Set to false to clone the full history.
+  action_shallow_clone: true
   # The labels of a runner are used to determine which jobs the runner can run, and how to run them.
   # Like: "macos-arm64:host" or "ubuntu-latest:docker://docker.gitea.com/runner-images:ubuntu-latest"
   # Find more images provided by Gitea at https://gitea.com/gitea/runner-images .
@@ -107,6 +110,11 @@ cache:
   dir: ""
   # Outbound IP or hostname that job containers use to reach this runner's cache server.
   # Leave empty to detect automatically. 0.0.0.0 is not valid here.
+  # If the runner itself runs in Docker, automatic detection can choose an
+  # address on the runner container's network that job containers cannot reach
+  # when the runner creates a separate per-job network. In that case, set this
+  # to a hostname/IP reachable from job containers, and set port to a fixed
+  # published port or put the job containers on a shared Docker network.
   # Ignored when external_server is set.
   host: ""
   # Port for the built-in cache server. 0 picks a random free port.
@@ -130,6 +138,8 @@ container:
   # Specifies the network to which the container will connect.
   # Could be host, bridge or the name of a custom network.
   # If it's empty, runner will create a network automatically.
+  # For dockerized runners using the built-in cache server, a custom shared
+  # network can be required so job containers can reach cache.host/cache.port.
   # Deprecated: `network_mode` is still accepted for old configs; use `network` instead.
   network: ""
   # network_create_options only apply when `network` is left empty and the runner

internal/pkg/config/config.go

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ type Runner struct {
 	ReportCloseTimeout    time.Duration     `yaml:"report_close_timeout"`     // ReportCloseTimeout caps each RPC attempt when flushing the final logs and task state at job completion, on a detached context so a server cancel can't block the acknowledgement.
 	Labels                []string          `yaml:"labels"`                   // Labels specify the labels of the runner. Labels are declared on each startup
 	GithubMirror          string            `yaml:"github_mirror"`            // GithubMirror defines what mirrors should be used when using github
+	ActionShallowClone    *bool             `yaml:"action_shallow_clone"`     // ActionShallowClone fetches only the requested ref of an action repository at depth 1 instead of cloning every branch's full history. It is a pointer to distinguish between false and not set; if not set, it defaults to true.
 	AllocatePTY           bool              `yaml:"allocate_pty"`             // AllocatePTY allocates a pseudo-TTY for each step's process. Default is false, matching GitHub's actions/runner. Enable only for jobs that need an interactive terminal; tools like docker build emit redrawing progress frames into the captured log when a TTY is present. Applies to both host and docker backends.
 	PostTaskScript        string            `yaml:"post_task_script"`         // PostTaskScript is the path to an executable script run on the host after each task's cleanup completes. Empty disables the hook. On Windows use .exe/.bat/.cmd; PowerShell (.ps1) is not supported yet as the configured path.
 	PostTaskScriptTimeout time.Duration     `yaml:"post_task_script_timeout"` // PostTaskScriptTimeout caps how long the post-task script may run. Default is 5m when post_task_script is set.
@@ -151,6 +152,10 @@ func LoadDefault(file string) (*Config, error) {
 	if cfg.Runner.Timeout <= 0 {
 		cfg.Runner.Timeout = 3 * time.Hour
 	}
+	if cfg.Runner.ActionShallowClone == nil {
+		b := true
+		cfg.Runner.ActionShallowClone = &b
+	}
 	if cfg.Cache.Enabled == nil {
 		b := true
 		cfg.Cache.Enabled = &b

internal/pkg/config/registration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestSaveAndLoadRegistration(t *testing.T) {
+	file := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), ".runner")
+
+	reg := &Registration{
+		ID:        42,
+		UUID:      "the-uuid",
+		Name:      "runner",
+		Token:     "the-token",
+		Address:   "http://localhost:3000",
+		Labels:    []string{"ubuntu:host", "ubuntu:docker://node:18"},
+		Ephemeral: true,
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, SaveRegistration(file, reg))
+	// SaveRegistration stamps the warning onto the in-memory struct
+	require.Equal(t, registrationWarning, reg.Warning)
+
+	loaded, err := LoadRegistration(file)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// the warning is intentionally cleared on load
+	require.Empty(t, loaded.Warning)
+	loaded.Warning = reg.Warning
+	require.Equal(t, reg, loaded)
+}
+
+func TestLoadRegistrationMissingFile(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := LoadRegistration(filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "does-not-exist"))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestLoadRegistrationInvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	file := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), ".runner")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(file, []byte("not json"), 0o600))
+
+	_, err := LoadRegistration(file)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}

internal/pkg/envcheck/docker_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package envcheck
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestCheckIfDockerRunningReturnsPingError(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	err := CheckIfDockerRunning(ctx, "unix:///definitely/missing/docker.sock")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "cannot ping the docker daemon")
+}

internal/pkg/labels/labels_test.go

@@ -61,3 +61,75 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// mustParse parses the given label strings, failing the test on any error.
+func mustParse(t *testing.T, strs ...string) Labels {
+	t.Helper()
+	ls := make(Labels, 0, len(strs))
+	for _, s := range strs {
+		l, err := Parse(s)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		ls = append(ls, l)
+	}
+	return ls
+}
+
+func TestRequireDocker(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		strs []string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"empty", nil, false},
+		{"only host", []string{"ubuntu:host", "self-hosted"}, false},
+		{"has docker", []string{"ubuntu:host", "ubuntu:docker://node:18"}, true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			require.Equal(t, tt.want, mustParse(t, tt.strs...).RequireDocker())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPickPlatform(t *testing.T) {
+	ls := mustParse(t,
+		"ubuntu:docker://node:18",
+		"self-hosted:host",
+	)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		runsOn []string
+		want   string
+	}{
+		{"docker strips leading slashes", []string{"ubuntu"}, "node:18"},
+		{"host maps to self-hosted marker", []string{"self-hosted"}, "-self-hosted"},
+		{"first match wins", []string{"self-hosted", "ubuntu"}, "-self-hosted"},
+		{"unknown falls back to default", []string{"windows"}, "docker.gitea.com/runner-images:ubuntu-latest"},
+		{"no runsOn falls back to default", nil, "docker.gitea.com/runner-images:ubuntu-latest"},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			require.Equal(t, tt.want, ls.PickPlatform(tt.runsOn))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNames(t *testing.T) {
+	ls := mustParse(t, "ubuntu:docker://node:18", "self-hosted:host")
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"ubuntu", "self-hosted"}, ls.Names())
+	require.Empty(t, Labels{}.Names())
+}
+
+func TestToStrings(t *testing.T) {
+	ls := mustParse(t,
+		"ubuntu:docker://node:18",
+		"self-hosted:host",
+		"bare",
+	)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{
+		"ubuntu:docker://node:18",
+		"self-hosted:host",
+		"bare:host",
+	}, ls.ToStrings())
+}

internal/pkg/metrics/metrics_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package metrics
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	runnerv1 "gitea.dev/actions-proto-go/runner/v1"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	dto "github.com/prometheus/client_model/go"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestResultToStatusLabel(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		result runnerv1.Result
+		want   string
+	}{
+		{"success", runnerv1.Result_RESULT_SUCCESS, LabelStatusSuccess},
+		{"failure", runnerv1.Result_RESULT_FAILURE, LabelStatusFailure},
+		{"cancelled", runnerv1.Result_RESULT_CANCELLED, LabelStatusCancelled},
+		{"skipped", runnerv1.Result_RESULT_SKIPPED, LabelStatusSkipped},
+		{"unspecified", runnerv1.Result_RESULT_UNSPECIFIED, LabelStatusUnknown},
+		{"out of range", runnerv1.Result(999), LabelStatusUnknown},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			require.Equal(t, tt.want, ResultToStatusLabel(tt.result))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInitAndDynamicMetricRegistration(t *testing.T) {
+	oldRegistry := Registry
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		Registry = oldRegistry
+	})
+
+	Registry = prometheus.NewRegistry()
+	initOnce = sync.Once{}
+
+	Init()
+	Init()
+	RunnerInfo.WithLabelValues("test", "runner").Set(1)
+	RegisterUptimeFunc(time.Now().Add(-time.Second))
+	RegisterRunningJobsFunc(func() int64 { return 2 }, 4)
+
+	metrics, err := Registry.Gather()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.True(t, hasMetric(metrics, "gitea_runner_info"))
+	require.True(t, hasMetric(metrics, "gitea_runner_uptime_seconds"))
+	require.True(t, hasMetric(metrics, "gitea_runner_job_running"))
+	require.True(t, hasMetric(metrics, "gitea_runner_job_capacity_utilization_ratio"))
+}
+
+func TestRegisterRunningJobsFuncZeroCapacity(t *testing.T) {
+	oldRegistry := Registry
+	t.Cleanup(func() { Registry = oldRegistry })
+	Registry = prometheus.NewRegistry()
+
+	RegisterRunningJobsFunc(func() int64 { return 3 }, 0)
+
+	metrics, err := Registry.Gather()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, mf := range metrics {
+		if mf.GetName() == "gitea_runner_job_capacity_utilization_ratio" {
+			require.Len(t, mf.GetMetric(), 1)
+			require.InDelta(t, 0, mf.GetMetric()[0].GetGauge().GetValue(), 0)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatal("capacity utilization metric not gathered")
+}
+
+func TestStartServerCanBeCancelled(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	StartServer(ctx, "127.0.0.1:0")
+	cancel()
+}
+
+func hasMetric(metrics []*dto.MetricFamily, name string) bool {
+	for _, mf := range metrics {
+		if strings.EqualFold(mf.GetName(), name) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

internal/pkg/process/killer_windows.go

@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@ func NewKiller(p *os.Process) (*Killer, error) {
 
 	h, err := windows.OpenProcess(windows.PROCESS_SET_QUOTA|windows.PROCESS_TERMINATE, false, uint32(p.Pid))
 	if err != nil {
-		windows.CloseHandle(job)
+		_ = windows.CloseHandle(job)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer windows.CloseHandle(h)
+	defer func() { _ = windows.CloseHandle(h) }()
 
 	if err := windows.AssignProcessToJobObject(job, h); err != nil {
-		windows.CloseHandle(job)
+		_ = windows.CloseHandle(job)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 

internal/pkg/process/killer_windows_test.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func processAlive(pid int) bool {
 	if err != nil {
 		return false
 	}
-	defer windows.CloseHandle(h)
+	defer func() { _ = windows.CloseHandle(h) }()
 	var code uint32
 	if err := windows.GetExitCodeProcess(h, &code); err != nil {
 		return false

internal/pkg/process/sysprocattr_unix_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !windows && !plan9
+
+package process
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestSysProcAttrUnixModes(t *testing.T) {
+	plain := SysProcAttr("", false)
+	require.True(t, plain.Setpgid)
+	require.False(t, plain.Setsid)
+
+	tty := SysProcAttr("", true)
+	require.True(t, tty.Setsid)
+	require.True(t, tty.Setctty)
+	require.False(t, tty.Setpgid)
+}

internal/pkg/process/treekill_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package process
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os/exec"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestNewTreeKillConfiguresCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(context.Background(), "sleep", "1")
+	tk := NewTreeKill(cmd)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, tk)
+	require.NotNil(t, cmd.Cancel)
+	require.Equal(t, treeKillWaitDelay, cmd.WaitDelay)
+	require.NoError(t, cmd.Cancel())
+}
+
+func TestTreeKillCaptureStoresKiller(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(context.Background(), "sleep", "10")
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = SysProcAttr("", false)
+	tk := NewTreeKill(cmd)
+	require.NoError(t, cmd.Start())
+	defer func() { _ = cmd.Wait() }()
+
+	killer, err := tk.Capture(cmd.Process)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, killer)
+	require.NoError(t, cmd.Cancel())
+	require.NoError(t, killer.Close())
+}

internal/pkg/report/reporter_test.go

@@ -983,3 +983,75 @@ func TestReporter_StopHeartbeats(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Greater(t, updateTaskCalls.Load(), beforeStop,
 		"Close() must still send a final UpdateTask after StopHeartbeats")
 }
+
+func TestAppendIfNotNil(t *testing.T) {
+	var s []*int
+	s = appendIfNotNil(s, nil)
+	assert.Empty(t, s)
+
+	v := 7
+	s = appendIfNotNil(s, &v)
+	require.Len(t, s, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, &v, s[0])
+
+	s = appendIfNotNil(s, nil)
+	require.Len(t, s, 1)
+}
+
+func TestReporter_Levels(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, log.AllLevels, (&Reporter{}).Levels())
+}
+
+func TestReporter_Result(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &Reporter{state: &runnerv1.TaskState{Result: runnerv1.Result_RESULT_SUCCESS}}
+	assert.Equal(t, runnerv1.Result_RESULT_SUCCESS, r.Result())
+}
+
+func TestReporter_SetOutputs(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &Reporter{state: &runnerv1.TaskState{}}
+
+	r.SetOutputs(map[string]string{"foo": "bar"})
+	got, ok := r.outputs.Load("foo")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "bar", got)
+
+	// first value wins: a later write to the same key is ignored
+	r.SetOutputs(map[string]string{"foo": "baz"})
+	got, _ = r.outputs.Load("foo")
+	assert.Equal(t, "bar", got)
+
+	// keys longer than 255 chars are dropped
+	longKey := strings.Repeat("k", 256)
+	r.SetOutputs(map[string]string{longKey: "v"})
+	_, ok = r.outputs.Load(longKey)
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+}
+
+func TestReporter_EffectiveCloseTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, 10*time.Second, (&Reporter{}).effectiveCloseTimeout())
+	assert.Equal(t, 5*time.Second, (&Reporter{closeTimeout: 5 * time.Second}).effectiveCloseTimeout())
+}
+
+func TestReporter_ParseResult(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &Reporter{}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		input  any
+		want   runnerv1.Result
+		wantOk bool
+	}{
+		{"job result string", "success", runnerv1.Result_RESULT_SUCCESS, true},
+		{"failure string", "failure", runnerv1.Result_RESULT_FAILURE, true},
+		{"step result stringer", runnerv1.Result_RESULT_SKIPPED, runnerv1.Result_RESULT_UNSPECIFIED, false},
+		{"unknown string", "bogus", runnerv1.Result_RESULT_UNSPECIFIED, false},
+		{"unsupported type", 123, runnerv1.Result_RESULT_UNSPECIFIED, false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, ok := r.parseResult(tt.input)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantOk, ok)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/pkg/ver/version_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package ver
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	// version defaults to "dev" and is overridden at build time via -ldflags
+	if got := Version(); got != version {
+		t.Errorf("Version() = %q, want %q", got, version)
+	}
+}

tools/coverage-report.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+// Turns a `go test -coverprofile` file into a human-friendly Markdown report:
+// an overall total, a per-package summary sorted worst-first, and collapsible
+// per-file details for each package.
+//
+// Coverage is statement-weighted (covered statements / total statements),
+// matching `go tool cover -func`'s total, instead of naively averaging
+// per-function percentages.
+//
+// Usage: node ./tools/coverage-report.ts -i coverage.txt -o .tmp/coverage.md
+
+import {readFileSync, writeFileSync} from 'node:fs';
+import {basename, dirname} from 'node:path';
+import {argv, exit, stderr} from 'node:process';
+
+const modulePrefix = 'gitea.com/gitea/runner/';
+
+type Counter = {
+  covered: number;
+  total: number;
+};
+
+function percent(c: Counter): number {
+  if (c.total === 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return (c.covered / c.total) * 100;
+}
+
+function addCounter(a: Counter, b: Counter): Counter {
+  return {covered: a.covered + b.covered, total: a.total + b.total};
+}
+
+function parseArgs(): {input: string; output: string} {
+  let input = 'coverage.txt';
+  let output = '.tmp/coverage.md';
+  for (let i = 2; i < argv.length; i++) {
+    const arg = argv[i];
+    if (arg === '-i' && argv[i + 1]) {
+      input = argv[++i];
+    } else if (arg === '-o' && argv[i + 1]) {
+      output = argv[++i];
+    }
+  }
+  return {input, output};
+}
+
+function parseProfile(name: string): Map<string, Counter> {
+  const files = new Map<string, Counter>();
+  const content = readFileSync(name, 'utf8');
+  for (const line of content.split('\n')) {
+    if (line === '' || line.startsWith('mode:')) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    // Format: path:start.col,end.col numStmt count
+    const colon = line.lastIndexOf(':');
+    const fields = line.trimEnd().split(/\s+/);
+    if (colon < 0 || fields.length < 3) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const file = line.slice(0, colon).replace(modulePrefix, '');
+    const stmts = Number.parseInt(fields.at(-2)!, 10);
+    const count = Number.parseInt(fields.at(-1)!, 10);
+    if (Number.isNaN(stmts) || Number.isNaN(count)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const c = files.get(file) ?? {covered: 0, total: 0};
+    c.total += stmts;
+    if (count > 0) {
+      c.covered += stmts;
+    }
+    files.set(file, c);
+  }
+  return files;
+}
+
+function render(files: Map<string, Counter>): string {
+  const pkgCounts = new Map<string, Counter>();
+  const pkgFiles = new Map<string, string[]>();
+  let total: Counter = {covered: 0, total: 0};
+
+  for (const [file, c] of files) {
+    const pkg = dirname(file);
+    pkgCounts.set(pkg, addCounter(pkgCounts.get(pkg) ?? {covered: 0, total: 0}, c));
+    const names = pkgFiles.get(pkg) ?? [];
+    names.push(file);
+    pkgFiles.set(pkg, names);
+    total = addCounter(total, c);
+  }
+
+  const pkgs = [...pkgCounts.keys()];
+  pkgs.sort((a, b) => {
+    const ci = pkgCounts.get(a)!;
+    const cj = pkgCounts.get(b)!;
+    const pi = percent(ci);
+    const pj = percent(cj);
+    if (pi !== pj) {
+      return pi - pj;
+    }
+    if (ci.total !== cj.total) {
+      return cj.total - ci.total;
+    }
+    return a.localeCompare(b);
+  });
+
+  const lines: string[] = [];
+  lines.push('# Coverage\n');
+  lines.push(
+    `**Total: ${percent(total).toFixed(1)}%** &nbsp;·&nbsp; ${total.covered} / ${total.total} statements covered &nbsp;·&nbsp; ${pkgs.length} packages\n`,
+  );
+
+  lines.push('## Packages\n');
+  lines.push('| Package | Coverage | Statements |');
+  lines.push('|---------|---------:|-----------:|');
+  for (const pkg of pkgs) {
+    const c = pkgCounts.get(pkg)!;
+    lines.push(`| ${pkg} | ${percent(c).toFixed(1)}% | ${c.covered} / ${c.total} |`);
+  }
+  lines.push('');
+
+  lines.push('## Files\n');
+  for (const pkg of pkgs) {
+    const c = pkgCounts.get(pkg)!;
+    const names = [...(pkgFiles.get(pkg) ?? [])];
+    names.sort((a, b) => {
+      const ci = files.get(a)!;
+      const cj = files.get(b)!;
+      const pi = percent(ci);
+      const pj = percent(cj);
+      if (pi !== pj) {
+        return pi - pj;
+      }
+      return a.localeCompare(b);
+    });
+    lines.push(
+      `<details><summary><strong>${pkg}</strong> — ${percent(c).toFixed(1)}% (${c.covered}/${c.total})</summary>\n`,
+    );
+    lines.push('| File | Coverage | Statements |');
+    lines.push('|------|---------:|-----------:|');
+    for (const file of names) {
+      const fc = files.get(file)!;
+      lines.push(`| ${basename(file)} | ${percent(fc).toFixed(1)}% | ${fc.covered} / ${fc.total} |`);
+    }
+    lines.push('\n</details>\n');
+  }
+
+  return lines.join('\n');
+}
+
+function main(): void {
+  const {input, output} = parseArgs();
+  try {
+    const files = parseProfile(input);
+    writeFileSync(output, render(files), {mode: 0o644});
+  } catch (err) {
+    stderr.write(`coverage-report: ${err}\n`);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+}
+
+main();